Fundamento de Esperanto
Encyclopedia
The Fundamento de Esperanto ("Foundation of Esperanto") is a book by L. L. Zamenhof
, published in the spring of 1905. On August 9, 1905 it was made the official source for the language by the fourth article of the Declaration of Boulogne
at the first World Congress of Esperanto in Boulogne-sur-Mer
, France
:
It is considered the only obligatory authority over Esperanto
and is thus unchangeable.
The Fundamento consists of four parts: a Foreword (Antaŭparolo), a Grammar (Gramatiko), a collection of exercises (Ekzercaro) and a "Universal Dictionary" (Universala Vortaro). With the exception of the Foreword, almost everything in the Fundamento comes directly from Zamenhof's earlier works.
Equal to the Fundamento are the "Official Additions" (Oficialaj Aldonoj). To date, there have been nine Official Additions. The Foreword of the Fundamento states:
The grammar and dictionary sections of the Fundamento are in five national languages: French
, English
, German
, Russian
, and Polish
.
L. L. Zamenhof
Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof December 15, 1859 – April 14, 1917) was the inventor of Esperanto, the most successful constructed language designed for international communication.-Cultural background:...
, published in the spring of 1905. On August 9, 1905 it was made the official source for the language by the fourth article of the Declaration of Boulogne
Declaration of Boulogne
The Declaration of Boulogne was a document written by L. L. Zamenhof and endorsed by the attendees of the first world congress of Esperanto in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France in 1905...
at the first World Congress of Esperanto in Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer
-Road:* Metropolitan bus services are operated by the TCRB* Coach services to Calais and Dunkerque* A16 motorway-Rail:* The main railway station is Gare de Boulogne-Ville and located in the south of the city....
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
:
It is considered the only obligatory authority over Esperanto
Esperanto
is the most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. Its name derives from Doktoro Esperanto , the pseudonym under which L. L. Zamenhof published the first book detailing Esperanto, the Unua Libro, in 1887...
and is thus unchangeable.
The Fundamento consists of four parts: a Foreword (Antaŭparolo), a Grammar (Gramatiko), a collection of exercises (Ekzercaro) and a "Universal Dictionary" (Universala Vortaro). With the exception of the Foreword, almost everything in the Fundamento comes directly from Zamenhof's earlier works.
Equal to the Fundamento are the "Official Additions" (Oficialaj Aldonoj). To date, there have been nine Official Additions. The Foreword of the Fundamento states:
The grammar and dictionary sections of the Fundamento are in five national languages: French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
, English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
, German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
, and Polish
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
.