Fyodor Gornostaev
Encyclopedia
Fyodor Fyodorovich Gornostaev (1867 – 1915) was a Russia
n architect
and preservationist
, notable for his folk interpretation of Russian Revival
and restoration
of landmark buildings in Suzdal
, Kursk
and Moscow Kremlin
.
He should not be confused with two other architects by the name of Gornostaev
, also engaged in Russian Revival art and preservation:
Gornostaev, born in Moscow, completed Saint Petersburg
Imperial Academy of Arts
in 1895 cum laude, earning a state-paid overseas study tour. Gornostaev, like some of his contemporaries, preferred to spend most of his tour in Russia, studying old national architecture. In 1899, he returned to Moscow, teaching art in Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture
.
Gornostaev, keen on preserving historical buildings, performed surveys of Monastery of Saint Euthymius
in Suzdal
, Kursk
Cathedral, Baturin and various Moscow landmarks and collaborated with Igor Grabar
on "History of Russian arts" (История русского искусства). In 1913, he compiled his studies of two decades into "Essays of ancient Moscow architecture" (Очерки древнего зодчества Москвы). His practical work included restoration of Kremlin Wall
, Sukharev Tower
, Krutitsy
Terem
and Church of Ascension in Kolomenskoye
.
His only extant own building is the Rogozhskoye Cemetery
Belltower (1908–1913, structurally complete in 1909). An Old Believers
legend says that it's only two bricks lower than Ivan the Great Bell Tower
; actually, it is one meter lower than Ivan, i.e. 80 meters tall. The belltower commemorates unlocking the altars of Old Believers after the 1905 Manifesto on religious tolerance.
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
and preservationist
Preservationist
Preservationist is generally understood to mean historic preservationist: one who advocates to preserve architecturally or historically significant buildings, structures, objects or sites from demolition or degradation...
, notable for his folk interpretation of Russian Revival
Russian Revival
The Russian Revival style is the generic term for a number of different movements within Russian architecture that arose in second quarter of the 19th century and was an eclectic melding of pre-Peterine Russian architecture and elements of Byzantine architecture.The Russian Revival style arose...
and restoration
Building restoration
Building restoration describes a particular treatment approach and philosophy within the field of architectural conservation. According the U.S...
of landmark buildings in Suzdal
Suzdal
Suzdal is a town in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, situated northeast of Moscow, from the city of Vladimir, on the Kamenka River. Population: -History:...
, Kursk
Kursk
Kursk is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym Rivers. The area around Kursk was site of a turning point in the Russian-German struggle during World War II and the site of the largest tank battle in history...
and Moscow Kremlin
Moscow Kremlin
The Moscow Kremlin , sometimes referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River , Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square and the Alexander Garden...
.
He should not be confused with two other architects by the name of Gornostaev
Gornostaev
Gornostaev , also spelled as Gornostayev, is a common Russian male surname and may refer to:In particular, there were three Gornostaev architects, engaged in Russian Revival style and preservation of historical landmarks:*Alexey Maksimovich Gornostaev , Russian Revival pioneer, noted for Valaam...
, also engaged in Russian Revival art and preservation:
- Alexey Maksimovich GornostaevAlexey GornostaevAlexey Maksimovich Gornostaev was a Russian architect, notable as a pioneer in Russian Revival, the builder of Valaam Monastery hermitages, Trinity-Sergius Convent in Saint Petersburg and Uspenski Cathedral in Helsinki...
(1808–1862), Russian Revival pioneer, noted for Valaam MonasteryValaam MonasteryThe Valaam Monastery, or Valamo Monastery is a stauropegic Orthodox monastery in Russian Karelia, located on Valaam, the largest island in Lake Ladoga, the largest lake in Europe.-History:...
Cathedral, Trinity-Sergius Convent in Saint PetersburgSaint PetersburgSaint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
and Uspenski CathedralUspenski CathedralUspenski Cathedral is an Eastern Orthodox cathedral in Helsinki, Finland, dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos . Its name comes from the Old Church Slavonic word uspenie, which denotes the Dormition...
in Helsinki - Ivan Ivanovich Gornostaev (1821–1874), preservationist of historical buildings and chief architect of Saint PetersburgSaint PetersburgSaint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
Public Library and University
Biography
This section is based on Gornostaev's biography in "Builders of Moscow"Gornostaev, born in Moscow, completed Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
Imperial Academy of Arts
Imperial Academy of Arts
The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, was founded in 1757 by Ivan Shuvalov under the name Academy of the Three Noblest Arts. Catherine the Great renamed it the Imperial Academy of Arts and commissioned a new building, completed 25 years later in 1789...
in 1895 cum laude, earning a state-paid overseas study tour. Gornostaev, like some of his contemporaries, preferred to spend most of his tour in Russia, studying old national architecture. In 1899, he returned to Moscow, teaching art in Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture
Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture
The Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture was one of the largest educational institutions in Russia. The school was formed by the 1865 merger of a private art college, established in Moscow in 1832, and the Palace School of Architecture, established in 1749 by Dmitry Ukhtomsky. By...
.
Gornostaev, keen on preserving historical buildings, performed surveys of Monastery of Saint Euthymius
Monastery of Saint Euthymius
The Saviour Monastery of St. Euthymius is a monastery in Suzdal, Russia.The monastery was founded in the 14th century, and grew in importance in the 16th and 17th centuries after donations by Vasili III, Ivan IV and the Pozharsky family, a noble dynasty of the region...
in Suzdal
Suzdal
Suzdal is a town in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, situated northeast of Moscow, from the city of Vladimir, on the Kamenka River. Population: -History:...
, Kursk
Kursk
Kursk is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym Rivers. The area around Kursk was site of a turning point in the Russian-German struggle during World War II and the site of the largest tank battle in history...
Cathedral, Baturin and various Moscow landmarks and collaborated with Igor Grabar
Igor Grabar
Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar was a Russian post-impressionist painter, publisher, restorer and historian of art. Grabar, descendant of a wealthy Rusyn family, was trained as a painter by Ilya Repin in Saint Petersburg and by Anton Ažbe in Munich...
on "History of Russian arts" (История русского искусства). In 1913, he compiled his studies of two decades into "Essays of ancient Moscow architecture" (Очерки древнего зодчества Москвы). His practical work included restoration of Kremlin Wall
Kremlin Wall
The Kremlin Wall is a defensive wall that surrounds the Moscow Kremlin, recognizable by the characteristic notches and its Kremlin towers. The original walls were likely a simple wooden fence with guard towers built in 1156.-History:...
, Sukharev Tower
Sukharev Tower
The Sukharev Tower was one of the best known landmarks and symbols of Moscow until its destruction by the Soviet authorities in 1934. The tower was built in the Moscow baroque style at the intersection of the Garden Ring with the Sretenka street in 1692-1695.Tsar Peter the Great ordered the...
, Krutitsy
Krutitsy
Krutitsy Metochion , full name: Krutitsy Patriarchal Metochion is an operating ecclesiastical estate of Russian Orthodox Church, located in Tagansky District of Moscow, Russia, 3 kilometers south-east from the Kremlin. The name Krutitsy , i.e. steep river banks, originally meant the hills...
Terem
Terem
Terem is a village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.-Geography:It covers an area of and has a population of 698 people ....
and Church of Ascension in Kolomenskoye
Kolomenskoye
Kolomenskoye is a former royal estate situated several kilometers to the south-east of the city-centre of Moscow, Russia, on the ancient road leading to the town of Kolomna...
.
His only extant own building is the Rogozhskoye Cemetery
Rogozhskoye Cemetery
Rogozhskoe cemetery in Moscow, Russia, is the spiritual and administrative center of the largest Old Believers denomination, called the Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church. Historically, the name cemetery was applied to the whole Old Believer community, with living quarters, cathedral, almshouses,...
Belltower (1908–1913, structurally complete in 1909). An Old Believers
Old Believers
In the context of Russian Orthodox church history, the Old Believers separated after 1666 from the official Russian Orthodox Church as a protest against church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652–66...
legend says that it's only two bricks lower than Ivan the Great Bell Tower
Ivan the Great Bell Tower
The Ivan the Great Bell Tower is the tallest of the towers in the Moscow Kremlin complex, with a total height of . It was built in 1508 for the Russian Orthodox cathedrals in Cathedral Square, namely the Assumption, Archangel and Annunciation cathedrals, which do not have their own belfries...
; actually, it is one meter lower than Ivan, i.e. 80 meters tall. The belltower commemorates unlocking the altars of Old Believers after the 1905 Manifesto on religious tolerance.