GAIT element
Encyclopedia
The gamma interferon inhibitor of translation element or GAIT element is a cis-acting RNA
element located in the 3'-UTR of the ceruloplasmin
(Cp) mRNA.
The GAIT element forms a stem-loop
secondary structure. The GAIT element is involved in selective translational silencing of the Cp transcript. Cp is a multifunctional, copper-containing glycoprotein produced by the liver and secreted into the plasma. As an acute-phase protein, its plasma concentration can double during multiple inflammatory conditions. Plasma Cp has been reported to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease
, including atherosclerosis, carotid restenosis after endarterectomy, and myocardial infarction. Translational silencing of Cp, and possibly other transcripts, mediated by the GAIT element may contribute to the resolution of the local inflammatory response following cytokine activation of macrophages.
The silencing of Cp requires binding of the IFN-gamma-activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) inhibitor complex to the GAIT element. The GAIT complex consists of the proteins ribosomal protein L13a
, glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase
, NS1-associated protein-1, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life....
element located in the 3'-UTR of the ceruloplasmin
Ceruloplasmin
Ceruloplasmin is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CP gene.Ceruloplasmin is the major copper-carrying protein in the blood, and in addition plays a role in iron metabolism. It was first described in 1948...
(Cp) mRNA.
The GAIT element forms a stem-loop
Stem-loop
Stem-loop intramolecular base pairing is a pattern that can occur in single-stranded DNA or, more commonly, in RNA. The structure is also known as a hairpin or hairpin loop. It occurs when two regions of the same strand, usually complementary in nucleotide sequence when read in opposite directions,...
secondary structure. The GAIT element is involved in selective translational silencing of the Cp transcript. Cp is a multifunctional, copper-containing glycoprotein produced by the liver and secreted into the plasma. As an acute-phase protein, its plasma concentration can double during multiple inflammatory conditions. Plasma Cp has been reported to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease
Heart disease or cardiovascular disease are the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels . While the term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system , it is usually used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis...
, including atherosclerosis, carotid restenosis after endarterectomy, and myocardial infarction. Translational silencing of Cp, and possibly other transcripts, mediated by the GAIT element may contribute to the resolution of the local inflammatory response following cytokine activation of macrophages.
The silencing of Cp requires binding of the IFN-gamma-activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) inhibitor complex to the GAIT element. The GAIT complex consists of the proteins ribosomal protein L13a
RPL13A
60S ribosomal protein L13a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL13A gene.-Further reading:...
, glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase
EPRS
Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EPRS gene.- Gene :Alternative splicing has been observed for this gene, but the full-length nature and biological validity of the variant have not been determined....
, NS1-associated protein-1, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme of ~37kDa that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis and thus serves to break down glucose for energy and carbon molecules...
.