GRB7
Encyclopedia
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 7, also known as GRB7, is a protein
which in humans is encoded by the GRB7 gene
.
s that are known to interact with a number of receptor tyrosine kinase
s and signaling molecules. This gene encodes a growth factor receptor-binding protein that interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) and ephrin receptors
. The protein plays a role in the integrin
signaling pathway and cell migration by binding with focal adhesion kinase
(FAK). Alternative splicing
results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms
, although the full-length natures of only two of the variants have been determined to date.
that binds to receptor tyrosine kinase
s and provides the intra-cellular direct link to the Ras proto-oncogene.
Human GRB7 is located on the long arm of chromosome 17
, next to the ERBB2 (alias HER2/neu
) proto-oncogene.
These two genes are commonly co-amplified (present in excess copies) in breast cancer
s.
GRB7 thought to be involved in migration , is well known to be over-expressed in testicular germ cell tumor
s, esophageal cancer
s, and gastric cancer
s.
with Insulin receptor
, PTK2
, RET proto-oncogene
, Rnd1
and EPH receptor B1
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
which in humans is encoded by the GRB7 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Function
The product of this gene belongs to a small family of adaptor proteinAdaptor protein
Signal transducing adaptor proteins are proteins which are accessory to main proteins in a signal transduction pathway. These proteins tend to lack any intrinsic enzymatic activity themselves but instead mediate specific protein–protein interactions that drive the formation of protein complexes...
s that are known to interact with a number of receptor tyrosine kinase
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Receptor tyrosine kinases s are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Of the 90 unique tyrosine kinase genes identified in the human genome, 58 encode receptor tyrosine kinase proteins....
s and signaling molecules. This gene encodes a growth factor receptor-binding protein that interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor
Epidermal growth factor receptor
The epidermal growth factor receptor is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands...
(EGFR) and ephrin receptors
Eph receptor
Eph receptors are components of cell signalling pathways involved in animal growth and development, forming the largest sub-family of receptor tyrosine kinases . The extracellular domain of an Eph receptor interacts with ephrin ligands, which may be tethered to neighbouring cells...
. The protein plays a role in the integrin
Integrin
Integrins are receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissues surrounding it, which may be other cells or the ECM. They also play a role in cell signaling and thereby regulate cellular shape, motility, and the cell cycle....
signaling pathway and cell migration by binding with focal adhesion kinase
PTK2
PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 , also known as Focal Adhesion Kinase , is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PTK2 gene. PTK2 is a focal adhesion-associated protein kinase involved in cellular adhesion and spreading processes...
(FAK). Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing is a process by which the exons of the RNA produced by transcription of a gene are reconnected in multiple ways during RNA splicing...
results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms
Protein isoform
A protein isoform is any of several different forms of the same protein. Different forms of a protein may be produced from related genes, or may arise from the same gene by alternative splicing. A large number of isoforms are caused by single-nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs, small genetic...
, although the full-length natures of only two of the variants have been determined to date.
Clinical significance
GRB7 is an SH2-domain adaptor proteinProtein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that binds to receptor tyrosine kinase
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Receptor tyrosine kinases s are the high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Of the 90 unique tyrosine kinase genes identified in the human genome, 58 encode receptor tyrosine kinase proteins....
s and provides the intra-cellular direct link to the Ras proto-oncogene.
Human GRB7 is located on the long arm of chromosome 17
Chromosome 17 (human)
125px|rightChromosome 17 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 17 spans more than 81 million base pairs and represents between 2.5 and 3 % of the total DNA in cells.Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of...
, next to the ERBB2 (alias HER2/neu
HER2/neu
HER-2 also known as proto-oncogene Neu, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, CD340 or p185 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. Over expression of this gene is correlated with higher aggressiveness in breast cancers...
) proto-oncogene.
These two genes are commonly co-amplified (present in excess copies) in breast cancer
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers originating from ducts are known as ductal carcinomas; those originating from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas...
s.
GRB7 thought to be involved in migration , is well known to be over-expressed in testicular germ cell tumor
Germ cell tumor
A germ cell tumor is a neoplasm derived from germ cells. Germ cell tumors can be cancerous or non-cancerous tumors. Germ cells normally occur inside the gonads...
s, esophageal cancer
Esophageal cancer
Esophageal cancer is malignancy of the esophagus. There are various subtypes, primarily squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma . Squamous cell cancer arises from the cells that line the upper part of the esophagus...
s, and gastric cancer
Stomach cancer
Gastric cancer, commonly referred to as stomach cancer, can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs; particularly the esophagus, lungs, lymph nodes, and the liver...
s.
Interactions
GRB7 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with Insulin receptor
Insulin receptor
In molecular biology, the insulin receptor is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin. It belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors....
, PTK2
PTK2
PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 , also known as Focal Adhesion Kinase , is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PTK2 gene. PTK2 is a focal adhesion-associated protein kinase involved in cellular adhesion and spreading processes...
, RET proto-oncogene
RET proto-oncogene
The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family of extracellular signalling molecules....
, Rnd1
Rnd1
Rnd1 is a small signaling G protein , and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases.. It is encoded by the gene RND1....
and EPH receptor B1
EPH receptor B1
Ephrin type-B receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHB1 gene.-Interactions:EPH receptor B1 has been shown to interact with GRB7, ACP1 and NCK1.-Further reading:...
.