Gao Guiying
Encyclopedia
Gao Guiyng was a female Chinese revolutionary, rebellion-leader and army-commander, one of the most remarkable women in the history of China.
From the beginning of the 17th century, the Ming dynasty
- China was decaying during a large number of rebellions, the greatest one being the rebellion of Li Zicheng, who gathered a very large army of followers around him and became more successful every year.
It is said that Li met Gao while hiding in the house of her father, and when he left, she went with him and took and active part in the rebellion, following him side by side at the head of his army, sharing his command; while Li was the commander of the male troops, Gao educated, trained and lead the female troops of rebels.
The rebellion was so successful that the armies of Li and Gao effectively controlled large parts of China and ruled them as independent entities. This caused Ming-China to fall to pieces, as it was at the same time attacked by the Manchu people.
In 1644, Li Zicheng captured Beijing
, deposed the Ming dynasty and declared her husband emperor of a new dynasty with herself as empress and took control over the city as his regent, but soon after, the Manchu took Beijing and established the new Qing dynasty
. Li was killed in 1645. Gao now saw the Manchu as her new enemies, and turned to her former enemies to fight them; the remaining relatives of the Ming dynasty had formed a new court in the south of China and ruled as the Southern Ming dynasty, and Gao, making herself known as the greatest enemy of the Qing dynasty, was called there to serve and continue the fight against the foreign intruders. She was styled "Lady of the first degree" in her own right, her position as military commander was secured and she was declared protector of the new Ming dynasty.
Gao Guiyng is undoubtedly one of the most unusual and interesting fates in the Chinese history, especially considering the time she lived; there have been a large number of women in her position earlier on in Chinese history, but in the 12th century, a women's position in China diminished severely, and the only other women of her time to have a similar position were Shen Yunying and Qin Liangyu
.
From the beginning of the 17th century, the Ming dynasty
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
- China was decaying during a large number of rebellions, the greatest one being the rebellion of Li Zicheng, who gathered a very large army of followers around him and became more successful every year.
It is said that Li met Gao while hiding in the house of her father, and when he left, she went with him and took and active part in the rebellion, following him side by side at the head of his army, sharing his command; while Li was the commander of the male troops, Gao educated, trained and lead the female troops of rebels.
The rebellion was so successful that the armies of Li and Gao effectively controlled large parts of China and ruled them as independent entities. This caused Ming-China to fall to pieces, as it was at the same time attacked by the Manchu people.
In 1644, Li Zicheng captured Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, deposed the Ming dynasty and declared her husband emperor of a new dynasty with herself as empress and took control over the city as his regent, but soon after, the Manchu took Beijing and established the new Qing dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
. Li was killed in 1645. Gao now saw the Manchu as her new enemies, and turned to her former enemies to fight them; the remaining relatives of the Ming dynasty had formed a new court in the south of China and ruled as the Southern Ming dynasty, and Gao, making herself known as the greatest enemy of the Qing dynasty, was called there to serve and continue the fight against the foreign intruders. She was styled "Lady of the first degree" in her own right, her position as military commander was secured and she was declared protector of the new Ming dynasty.
Gao Guiyng is undoubtedly one of the most unusual and interesting fates in the Chinese history, especially considering the time she lived; there have been a large number of women in her position earlier on in Chinese history, but in the 12th century, a women's position in China diminished severely, and the only other women of her time to have a similar position were Shen Yunying and Qin Liangyu
Qin Liangyu
Qin Liangyu was a general who fought the Manchus as they invaded China at the end of the Ming Dynasty.-Education:Qin Liangyu was born in Zhong County, Sichuan during the late Ming Dynasty to ethnic Miao parents. Her father, Qin Kui, believed girls should get the same education as boys and had her...
.
External links
- ColorQ World: Gao Guiying - General of the Peasant Rebels