Garfield Thomas Haywood
Encyclopedia
Garfield Thomas Haywood (July 15, 1880 – April 12, 1931) was an African American pastor and song writer who served as Presiding Bishop
of the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World
from 1925 to 1931.
, Indiana
, in 1880 and moved to Haughville, a neighborhood in Indianapolis
, at the age of three. As a child, he attended School 52 and then Shortridge High School
. Haywood was employed by the Indianapolis Freeman and Indianapolis Recorder
news papers as a cartoonist.
paper Meat in Due Season which argued for Jesus' Name doctrine
. In response, Haywood invited the evangelist Glenn A. Cook to preach at Christ Temple, resulting in Haywood and his congregation converting to Oneness Pentecostalism
and facilitating the spread of Oneness Pentecostalism throughout Indiana.
The third general council of the Assemblies of God
convened in October 1915 on the agenda was a debate on the merits of Jesus' Name doctrine vs the traditional Trinitron doctrine Haywood and E. N. Bell were spoke on behalf of the Jesus' Name doctrine and Collins and Jacob Miller spoke against. The result was a draw and it was agreed to readdress the topic at the forth general council in October 1916. At the forth general council a statement of faith was enacted that which soundly rejected Jesus' Name doctrine causing just over one forth of the ministers including Haywood to leave the Assembles of God. In 1911 Haywood had became afflicted with the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World (PAW) and after his conversion help convert the origination to Oneness Pentecostalism. Many of the former Assemblies of God misters that left in 1916 formed the General Assembly of the Apostolic Assemblies which at the start of WWI merged with the PAW in order for its minsters to obtain noncombatant statues. The new and interracial organization appointed Haywood as its general chairman. By 1924 the PAW split on racial lines do to logistical and social problems created by Jim Crow laws
and Haywood was appointed Bishop of the recognized PAW.
Haywood composed many gospel songs including "Jesus, the Son of God", "I See a Crimson Stream of Blood", and "Do All in Jesus’ Name". Many of his songs were published in The Bridegroom Songs, which was published by Christ Temple. His songs are known for Oneness Pentecostal themes. Haywood was also an author and Oneness apologist
. He wrote tracts
, such as "The Victim of the Flaming Sword" and "The Finest of Wheat" as well as published The Voice in the Wilderness, a publication that became the official organ of the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World in 1925.
After his death in 1931, Haywood was buried in Crown Hill Cemetery
, and in 1980, the city of Indianapolis renamed the segment of Fall Creek Drive where Christ Temple is located Bishop Garfield T. Haywood Memorial Way.
Presiding Bishop
The Presiding Bishop is an ecclesiastical position in some denominations of Christianity.- Evangelical Lutheran Church in America :The Presiding Bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America is the chief ecumenical officer of the church, and the leader and caretaker for the bishops of the...
of the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World
The Pentecostal Assemblies of the World is a Pentecostal Christian denomination. Founded in 1914, it is one of the oldest Oneness Pentecostal organizations in existence. Headquarters are in Indianapolis, Indiana, and The Christian Outlook is the church's official publication...
from 1925 to 1931.
Early life
Haywood was born in GreencastleGreencastle, Indiana
Greencastle is a city in Greencastle Township, Putnam County, Indiana, United States, and the county seat of Putnam County. It was founded in 1821 by Scots-Irish American Ephraim Dukes on a land grant. He named the settlement for his hometown of Greencastle, Pennsylvania...
, Indiana
Indiana
Indiana is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the Midwestern United States and Great Lakes Region. With 6,483,802 residents, the state is ranked 15th in population and 16th in population density. Indiana is ranked 38th in land area and is...
, in 1880 and moved to Haughville, a neighborhood in Indianapolis
Indianapolis
Indianapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population is 839,489. It is by far Indiana's largest city and, as of the 2010 U.S...
, at the age of three. As a child, he attended School 52 and then Shortridge High School
Shortridge High School
Shortridge High School is a public high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana. Opened in 1864, it is the oldest free, public high school in the state...
. Haywood was employed by the Indianapolis Freeman and Indianapolis Recorder
Indianapolis Recorder
The Indianapolis Recorder is a weekly newspaper which began publishing in 1896. The newspaper was established by George E Stewart and William H. Porter...
news papers as a cartoonist.
Ministry
In 1909, Haywood founded Christ Temple church. Haywood's influence crossed ethnic boundaries; by 1913, Christ Temple had a bi-racial membership of 400 to 500 and later grew to 1500. Around 1915, Haywood received a copy of Frank Ewart'sFrank Ewart
Francis John Ewart was a Pentecostal preacher, author and one of the founders of Oneness Pentecostalism and the UPCI.-Early ministry:...
paper Meat in Due Season which argued for Jesus' Name doctrine
Jesus' Name doctrine
Jesus' Name Doctrine is a minority nontrinitarian theology, characterised by a belief that baptism must be performed "in the name of Jesus", rather than the more common Trinitarian formula "in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit"....
. In response, Haywood invited the evangelist Glenn A. Cook to preach at Christ Temple, resulting in Haywood and his congregation converting to Oneness Pentecostalism
Oneness Pentecostalism
Oneness Pentecostalism refers to a grouping of denominations and believers within Pentecostal Christianity, all of whom subscribe to the nontrinitarian theological doctrine of Oneness...
and facilitating the spread of Oneness Pentecostalism throughout Indiana.
The third general council of the Assemblies of God
Assemblies of God
The Assemblies of God , officially the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, is a group of over 140 autonomous but loosely-associated national groupings of churches which together form the world's largest Pentecostal denomination...
convened in October 1915 on the agenda was a debate on the merits of Jesus' Name doctrine vs the traditional Trinitron doctrine Haywood and E. N. Bell were spoke on behalf of the Jesus' Name doctrine and Collins and Jacob Miller spoke against. The result was a draw and it was agreed to readdress the topic at the forth general council in October 1916. At the forth general council a statement of faith was enacted that which soundly rejected Jesus' Name doctrine causing just over one forth of the ministers including Haywood to leave the Assembles of God. In 1911 Haywood had became afflicted with the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World (PAW) and after his conversion help convert the origination to Oneness Pentecostalism. Many of the former Assemblies of God misters that left in 1916 formed the General Assembly of the Apostolic Assemblies which at the start of WWI merged with the PAW in order for its minsters to obtain noncombatant statues. The new and interracial organization appointed Haywood as its general chairman. By 1924 the PAW split on racial lines do to logistical and social problems created by Jim Crow laws
Jim Crow laws
The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for black Americans...
and Haywood was appointed Bishop of the recognized PAW.
Haywood composed many gospel songs including "Jesus, the Son of God", "I See a Crimson Stream of Blood", and "Do All in Jesus’ Name". Many of his songs were published in The Bridegroom Songs, which was published by Christ Temple. His songs are known for Oneness Pentecostal themes. Haywood was also an author and Oneness apologist
Apologetics
Apologetics is the discipline of defending a position through the systematic use of reason. Early Christian writers Apologetics (from Greek ἀπολογία, "speaking in defense") is the discipline of defending a position (often religious) through the systematic use of reason. Early Christian writers...
. He wrote tracts
Tract (literature)
A tract is a literary work, and in current usage, usually religious in nature. The notion of what constitutes a tract has changed over time. By the early part of the 21st century, these meant small pamphlets used for religious and political purposes, though far more often the former. They are...
, such as "The Victim of the Flaming Sword" and "The Finest of Wheat" as well as published The Voice in the Wilderness, a publication that became the official organ of the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World in 1925.
After his death in 1931, Haywood was buried in Crown Hill Cemetery
Crown Hill Cemetery
Crown Hill Cemetery, located at 700 West 38th Street in Indianapolis, is the third largest non-governmental cemetery in the United States at . It contains of paved road, over 150 species of trees and plants, over 185,000 graves, and services roughly 1,500 burials per year. It sits on the highest...
, and in 1980, the city of Indianapolis renamed the segment of Fall Creek Drive where Christ Temple is located Bishop Garfield T. Haywood Memorial Way.