George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale
Encyclopedia
Field Marshal
George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale, KT
, GCB
(1 February 1787 – 10 October 1876) was a Scottish
soldier and administrator.
and educated at the Royal High School
in Edinburgh
, Hay was commissioned into the 1st Foot Guards
in 1804. He was Aide-de-Camp in the Peninsular War
under Arthur Wellesley
. He fought at the Battle of Bussaco on 27 September 1810, in the Grenadier Guards
, where he was wounded as DAQMG, and the Battle of Vitoria
on 21 June 1813, with the 100th Foot as AQMG.
He also served in the War of 1812
at the Battle of Niagara
in 1812. In 1842 he was appointed Governor of Madras and Commander-in-Chief
of the Madras Army
. He was promoted to Field Marshal in 1875.
He died in 1876 at Yester in Scotland and is buried there.
Field Marshal
Field Marshal is a military rank. Traditionally, it is the highest military rank in an army.-Etymology:The origin of the rank of field marshal dates to the early Middle Ages, originally meaning the keeper of the king's horses , from the time of the early Frankish kings.-Usage and hierarchical...
George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale, KT
Order of the Thistle
The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The current version of the Order was founded in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland who asserted that he was reviving an earlier Order...
, GCB
Order of the Bath
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the elaborate mediæval ceremony for creating a knight, which involved bathing as one of its elements. The knights so created were known as Knights of the Bath...
(1 February 1787 – 10 October 1876) was a Scottish
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
soldier and administrator.
Military career
Born in Bonnington in ScotlandScotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
and educated at the Royal High School
Royal High School (Edinburgh)
The Royal High School of Edinburgh is a co-educational state school administered by the City of Edinburgh Council. The school was founded in 1128 and is one of the oldest schools in Scotland, and has, throughout its history, been high achieving, consistently attaining well above average exam results...
in Edinburgh
Edinburgh
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, the second largest city in Scotland, and the eighth most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a rural area...
, Hay was commissioned into the 1st Foot Guards
Grenadier Guards
The Grenadier Guards is an infantry regiment of the British Army. It is the most senior regiment of the Guards Division and, as such, is the most senior regiment of infantry. It is not, however, the most senior regiment of the Army, this position being attributed to the Life Guards...
in 1804. He was Aide-de-Camp in the Peninsular War
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War was a war between France and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war began when French and Spanish armies crossed Spain and invaded Portugal in 1807. Then, in 1808, France turned on its...
under Arthur Wellesley
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS , was an Irish-born British soldier and statesman, and one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century...
. He fought at the Battle of Bussaco on 27 September 1810, in the Grenadier Guards
Grenadier Guards
The Grenadier Guards is an infantry regiment of the British Army. It is the most senior regiment of the Guards Division and, as such, is the most senior regiment of infantry. It is not, however, the most senior regiment of the Army, this position being attributed to the Life Guards...
, where he was wounded as DAQMG, and the Battle of Vitoria
Battle of Vitoria
At the Battle of Vitoria an allied British, Portuguese, and Spanish army under General the Marquess of Wellington broke the French army under Joseph Bonaparte and Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan near Vitoria in Spain, leading to eventual victory in the Peninsular War.-Background:In July 1812, after...
on 21 June 1813, with the 100th Foot as AQMG.
He also served in the War of 1812
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...
at the Battle of Niagara
Battle of Lundy's Lane
The Battle of Lundy's Lane was a battle of the Anglo-American War of 1812, which took place on 25 July 1814, in present-day Niagara Falls, Ontario...
in 1812. In 1842 he was appointed Governor of Madras and Commander-in-Chief
Commander-in-Chief
A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...
of the Madras Army
Madras Army
The Madras Army was the army of the Presidency of Madras, one of the three presidencies of the British India within the British Empire.The presidency armies, like the presidencies themselves, belonged to the East India Company until the Government of India Act 1858 transferred all three...
. He was promoted to Field Marshal in 1875.
He died in 1876 at Yester in Scotland and is buried there.
Family
In 1816 he married Lady Susan Montagu: they had seven sons and six daughters:- Susan Ramsay, Marchioness of Dalhousie (1817 – 6 May 1853), married the 1st Marquess of DalhousieJames Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of DalhousieJames Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie KT, PC was a Scottish statesman, and a colonial administrator in British India....
and had issue. - Lady Hannah Charlotte (1818 – 10 November 1887), married Simon Watson TaylorSimon Watson Taylor (politician)Simon Watson Taylor was a politician in the United Kingdom. He was Member of Parliament for Devizes in Wiltshire from 1857 to 1859.- References:*-External links:...
and had issue. - Lady Louisa Jane (1819 – 9 September 1882), married Robert Ramsay and had issue.
- Lady ElizabethElizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of WellingtonElizabeth, Duchess of Wellington was born Lady Elizabeth Hay, a daughter of the eighth Marquess of Tweeddale. One of her brothers was the ornithologist Viscount Walden, and another the Admiral of the Fleet Lord John Hay...
(27 September 1820 – 13 August 1904), married the 2nd Duke of WellingtonArthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of WellingtonLieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington KG, PC , styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician...
. - George, Earl of GiffordGeorge Hay, Earl of GiffordGeorge Hay, Earl of Gifford was a British Liberal Party politician.Lord Gifford was born at Yester House, the eldest son of the 8th Marquess of Tweeddale and was educated at Trinity College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge...
(22 April 1822 – 22 December 1862) - Lady Millicent (1823–1826), died young.
- Lord Arthur, later Earl of Gifford and later 9th Marquess of TweeddaleArthur Hay, 9th Marquess of TweeddaleColonel Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale , known before 1862 as Lord Arthur Hay and between 1862 and 1876 as Viscount Walden, was a Scottish soldier and ornithologist. He was born at Yester, Gifford, East Lothian. He served as a soldier in India and the Crimea. He succeeded his father to the...
(9 November 1824 – 29 December 1878) - Lord William Montagu, later 10th Marquess of Tweeddale (27 January 1826 – 25 November 1911)
- Lord John (23 August 1827 – 4 May 1916)
- Lady Jane (1830 – 13 December 1920), married Sir Richard TaylorRichard Taylor (British Army officer)General Sir Richard Chambré Hayes Taylor GCB was a British Army officer who served in the Second Anglo-Burmese War, the Crimean War and the Indian Mutiny...
and had issue. - Lady Julia (1831–1915)
- Lord Charles Edward (1833–1912)
- Lord Frederick (1835–1912)
- Lady EmilyEmily PeelEmily, Lady Peel was the daughter of George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale and of Lady Susan Montagu.On 17 June 1853 she married Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet, the eldest son of prime minister Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet...
(1836 – 4 April 1924), married Sir Robert Peel, 3rd BaronetSir Robert Peel, 3rd BaronetSir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet GCB, PC was a British Peelite and later Liberal politician. The eldest son of the prime minister Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, he was educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford and entered the Diplomatic Service in 1844...
and had issue.