Ghibbelin of Arles
Encyclopedia
Ghibbelin of Sabran (c. 1045 – 1112) was Archbishop of Arles (1080–1112), papal legate
(1107-1108), and Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
(1108–1112).
Ghibbelin was named Archbishop of Arles at the Council of Avignon
in 1080, at which Archbishop Aicard was deposed. He was consecrated by Pope Gregory VII
. However, the clergy and people of Arles
preferred Aicard, a relative of the viscount
s of Marseilles who had taken the side of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
against Gregory VII. Although Ghibbelin was supported by Bertrand I, Count of Provence
, he was unable to take possession of his archdiocese. He was threatened by the citizens of Arles when he approached he city, and had to renounce his claim.
Ghibbelin waited many years to take his post. In 1096, when Pope Urban II
toured southern France
before preaching the First Crusade
at the Council of Clermont
, he neglected to visit Arles. After 1096 Ghibbelin was able to occupy the archdiocese during the periodic absences of Aicard; meanwhile he also directed the diocese of Avignon. He finally succeeded Aicard around 1098, when Urban II overturned the renouncement he had made under duress from the citizens of Arles in 1080. In 1105, the will of Raymond IV of Toulouse
ordered his heirs to restore everything he had usurped from Ghibbelin in Arles, Argence, Fourques
, Albaron, and Fos
.
At the end of 1107, Ghibbelin left Arles for Palestine
, as papal legate for Pope Paschal II
. He was sent to settle a dispute over the Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Dagobert of Pisa
had been deposed as Patriarch in 1102 and replaced by Ehremar
. The pope reinstated Dagobert, who then died before he could return to Palestine. The pope was now inclined to reinstate Ehremar, but King of Jerusalem, Baldwin I
, objected as he regarded him as incompetent, and Ghibbelin was chosen to decide the matter. He deposed Ehremar, and at the invitation of Baldwin himself accepted the office. He died there in December, 1112, and was succeeded by Arnulf of Chocques
as Patriarch, while the archdiocese of Arles remained vacant until 1115.
Papal legate
A papal legate – from the Latin, authentic Roman title Legatus – is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church. He is empowered on matters of Catholic Faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters....
(1107-1108), and Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
The Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem is the title possessed by the Latin Rite Catholic Archbishop of Jerusalem. The Archdiocese of Jerusalem has jurisdiction for all Latin Rite Catholics in Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Jordan and Cyprus...
(1108–1112).
Ghibbelin was named Archbishop of Arles at the Council of Avignon
Council of Avignon
Council of Avignon may refer to one of a number of councils of the Roman Catholic Church, held in Avignon.-Eleventh century:Nothing is known of the council held there in 1060....
in 1080, at which Archbishop Aicard was deposed. He was consecrated by Pope Gregory VII
Pope Gregory VII
Pope St. Gregory VII , born Hildebrand of Sovana , was Pope from April 22, 1073, until his death. One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor affirming the primacy of the papal...
. However, the clergy and people of Arles
Arles
Arles is a city and commune in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence....
preferred Aicard, a relative of the viscount
Viscount
A viscount or viscountess is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl or a count .-Etymology:...
s of Marseilles who had taken the side of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry IV was King of the Romans from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 until his forced abdication in 1105. He was the third emperor of the Salian dynasty and one of the most powerful and important figures of the 11th century...
against Gregory VII. Although Ghibbelin was supported by Bertrand I, Count of Provence
William Bertrand of Provence
William Bertrand , known as William V or Bertrand I or II, was the count and margrave of Provence from 1051 to his death...
, he was unable to take possession of his archdiocese. He was threatened by the citizens of Arles when he approached he city, and had to renounce his claim.
Ghibbelin waited many years to take his post. In 1096, when Pope Urban II
Pope Urban II
Pope Urban II , born Otho de Lagery , was Pope from 12 March 1088 until his death on July 29 1099...
toured southern France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
before preaching the First Crusade
First Crusade
The First Crusade was a military expedition by Western Christianity to regain the Holy Lands taken in the Muslim conquest of the Levant, ultimately resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem...
at the Council of Clermont
Council of Clermont
The Council of Clermont was a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, which was held from November 18 to November 28, 1095 at Clermont, France...
, he neglected to visit Arles. After 1096 Ghibbelin was able to occupy the archdiocese during the periodic absences of Aicard; meanwhile he also directed the diocese of Avignon. He finally succeeded Aicard around 1098, when Urban II overturned the renouncement he had made under duress from the citizens of Arles in 1080. In 1105, the will of Raymond IV of Toulouse
Raymond IV of Toulouse
Raymond IV of Toulouse , sometimes called Raymond of St Gilles, was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, and Margrave of Provence and one of the leaders of the First Crusade. He was a son of Pons of Toulouse and Almodis de La Marche...
ordered his heirs to restore everything he had usurped from Ghibbelin in Arles, Argence, Fourques
Fourques
Fourques is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:* Fourques, Gard, in the Gard department* Fourques, Pyrénées-Orientales, in the Pyrénées-Orientales department* Fourques, former commune of the Somme department, now part of Athies, Somme...
, Albaron, and Fos
Fos
-Science:* Fructooligosaccharide, an oligosaccharide used as an artificial or alternative sweetener* The product of the immediate early gene c-Fos* Faint Object Spectrograph as done by the Hubble Space Telescope...
.
At the end of 1107, Ghibbelin left Arles for Palestine
Palestine
Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....
, as papal legate for Pope Paschal II
Pope Paschal II
Pope Paschal II , born Ranierius, was Pope from August 13, 1099, until his death. A monk of the Cluniac order, he was created cardinal priest of the Titulus S...
. He was sent to settle a dispute over the Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Dagobert of Pisa
Dagobert of Pisa
Dagobert was the first Archbishop of Pisa and the second Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem after it was captured in the First Crusade.-Early life:...
had been deposed as Patriarch in 1102 and replaced by Ehremar
Ehremar
Ehremar or Ebramar or Evremar was Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1102 to 1105 or 1107, and then Archbishop of Caesarea.Ehremar was a priest from Thérouanne in France who in old age went east with the First Crusade...
. The pope reinstated Dagobert, who then died before he could return to Palestine. The pope was now inclined to reinstate Ehremar, but King of Jerusalem, Baldwin I
Baldwin I of Jerusalem
Baldwin I of Jerusalem, formerly Baldwin I of Edessa, born Baldwin of Boulogne , 1058? – 2 April 1118, was one of the leaders of the First Crusade, who became the first Count of Edessa and then the second ruler and first titled King of Jerusalem...
, objected as he regarded him as incompetent, and Ghibbelin was chosen to decide the matter. He deposed Ehremar, and at the invitation of Baldwin himself accepted the office. He died there in December, 1112, and was succeeded by Arnulf of Chocques
Arnulf of Chocques
Arnulf Malecorne of Chocques was a leader among the clergy during the First Crusade, and was Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1099 and from 1112 to 1118....
as Patriarch, while the archdiocese of Arles remained vacant until 1115.