Gia Nadareishvili was a Soviet

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

 chess composer

Chess composer

A chess composer is a person who creates endgame studies or chess problems. He usually specializes in a particular genre, e.g. endgame studies, twomovers, threemovers, moremovers, helpmates, selfmates, fairy problems...

 of Georgian

Georgia (country)

Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...

 nationality, and author of many books on chess

Chess

Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. It is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments.Each player...

 studies

Endgame study

An endgame study, or just study, is a composed chess position—that is, one that has been made up rather than one from an actual game—presented as a sort of puzzle, in which the aim of the solver is to find a way for one side to win or draw, as stipulated, against any moves the other side...

.

He was co-founder, with John Roycroft

John Roycroft

Arthur John Roycroft is an English chess endgame study composer and author, who lives in North West London. He is married to Betty Roycroft...

 and others, of PCCC (Permanent Commission for Chess Composition), a body of FIDE presiding over chess composition. He was the USSR delegate in the annual meetings of PCCC until his death. In 1980 he was awarded from FIDE the title of Grandmaster for chess composition.

Nadareishvili composed about 500 studies, winning 21 first prizes, 25 second prizes and 20 third prizes in international tourneys. He published many books on endgame studies, among which a collection of 312 studies commented by 43 famous grandmasters.

By profession Nadareishvili was a neurologist

Neurologist

A neurologist is a physician who specializes in neurology, and is trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological disorders.Neurology is the medical specialty related to the human nervous system. The nervous system encompasses the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. A specialist...

, head of the neurology department of the central hospital of Tbilisi. He was awarded the title of Honorary Doctor by the Georgian state.

A study by Gia Nadareishvili

• Solution:

1. Rf1+!  g1N+  (after 2. g1=Q? white takes the black rook, other black moves lead to a quick mate)

2. Rxg1+  Rxg1  3. Rf2!!  Be5  (otherwise black gets checkmated immediately)

4. Rh2+!  Bxh2  4. Nf2 mate.