Gjorgi Pulevski
Encyclopedia
His next published works were a revolutionary poem, Samovila Makedonska ('A Macedonian Fairy') published in 1878, and a Macedonian Song Book in two volumes, published in 1879 in Belgrade
, which contained both folk songs collected by Pulevski and some original poems by himself.
In 1880, Pulevski published Slavjano-naseljenski makedonska slognica rečovska ('Grammar of the language of the Macedonian Slavic population'), a work that is today known as the first attempt at a grammar of Macedonian. In it, Pulevski systematically contrasted his language, which he called našinski ("our language") or slavjano-makedonski ("Slavic-Macedonian") with both Serbian and Bulgarian. All records of this book were lost during the first half of 20th century and only discovered again in the 1950s in Sofia. Owing to the writer's lack of formal training as a grammarian and dialectologist, it is today considered of limited descriptive value; however, it has been characterised as "seminal in its signaling of ethnic and linguistic consciousness but not sufficiently elaborated to serve as a codification", In 1892, Pulevski completed the first Slavjanomakedonska opšta istorija (General History of the Macedonian Slavs), a large manuscript with over 1700 pages. In his last work: “Jazitshnica, soderzsayushtaja starobolgarski ezik, uredena em izpravlena da se uchat bolgarski i makedonski sinove i kerki"; ('Grammar, containing Old Bulgarian language, arranged and corrected to be taught to Bulgarian and Macedonian sons and daughters'), he considered the Macedonian dialects to be old Bulgarian and the differences between the two purely geographical.
against an Ottoman siege at Belgrade
. Later, during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, which led to the independence of Bulgaria
, he was leader ("voijvod") of a unit of volunteers fighting on the Russian-Bulgarian side, taking part in the Battle of Shipka Pass
. After the war, he went to live in the newly liberated Bulgarian capital Sofia. He also participated as volunteer in the Kresna-Razlog Uprising
, which aimed at unification of Bulgaria with Macedonia. In the poem Samovila Makedonska ('A Macedonian Fairy') published in 1878 in Sofia and also later in a request to the Bulgarian Parliament he expressed his regret about the failure of this unification. Pulevski finally received a government pension in recognition of his service as a Bulgarian volunteer, until his death in 1895.
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
, which contained both folk songs collected by Pulevski and some original poems by himself.
In 1880, Pulevski published Slavjano-naseljenski makedonska slognica rečovska ('Grammar of the language of the Macedonian Slavic population'), a work that is today known as the first attempt at a grammar of Macedonian. In it, Pulevski systematically contrasted his language, which he called našinski ("our language") or slavjano-makedonski ("Slavic-Macedonian") with both Serbian and Bulgarian. All records of this book were lost during the first half of 20th century and only discovered again in the 1950s in Sofia. Owing to the writer's lack of formal training as a grammarian and dialectologist, it is today considered of limited descriptive value; however, it has been characterised as "seminal in its signaling of ethnic and linguistic consciousness but not sufficiently elaborated to serve as a codification", In 1892, Pulevski completed the first Slavjanomakedonska opšta istorija (General History of the Macedonian Slavs), a large manuscript with over 1700 pages. In his last work: “Jazitshnica, soderzsayushtaja starobolgarski ezik, uredena em izpravlena da se uchat bolgarski i makedonski sinove i kerki"; ('Grammar, containing Old Bulgarian language, arranged and corrected to be taught to Bulgarian and Macedonian sons and daughters'), he considered the Macedonian dialects to be old Bulgarian and the differences between the two purely geographical.
Military action
In 1862, Pulevski fought as a member of the Bulgarian LegionBulgarian Legion
The Bulgarian Legion was the name of two military bands formed by Bulgarian volunteers and revolutionary workers in the Serbian capital of Belgrade in the second part of the 19th century...
against an Ottoman siege at Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
. Later, during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, which led to the independence of Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
, he was leader ("voijvod") of a unit of volunteers fighting on the Russian-Bulgarian side, taking part in the Battle of Shipka Pass
Battle of Shipka Pass
Four battles were fought between the Russian Empire, aided by Bulgarian volunteers known as Opalchentsi, and the Ottoman Empire for control over the vital Shipka Pass during the Russo-Turkish War...
. After the war, he went to live in the newly liberated Bulgarian capital Sofia. He also participated as volunteer in the Kresna-Razlog Uprising
Kresna-Razlog Uprising
The Kresna-Razlog Uprising was a Bulgarian uprising against the Ottoman rule, predominantly in the areas of Kresna and Razlog in the region of Pirin Macedonia in late 1878 and early 1879...
, which aimed at unification of Bulgaria with Macedonia. In the poem Samovila Makedonska ('A Macedonian Fairy') published in 1878 in Sofia and also later in a request to the Bulgarian Parliament he expressed his regret about the failure of this unification. Pulevski finally received a government pension in recognition of his service as a Bulgarian volunteer, until his death in 1895.
List of works
- Blaze Ristovski (ed. ) (1974) Georgija M. Pulevski: Odbrani stranici ('Collected Works'), Skopje: Makedonska kniga.
- Gjorgji Pulevski - Rechnik od tri jazika (Речник од три јазика), PDF
- "A dictionary of three languages" on Commons.
- "A dictionary of four languages" on Commons.