Global Innovation Index
Encyclopedia
The Global Innovation Index by The Boston Consulting Group is a global index measuring the level of innovation
of a country, produced jointly by The Boston Consulting Group (BCG), the National Association of Manufacturers
(NAM), and The Manufacturing Institute (MI), the NAM's nonpartisan research affiliate. NAM describes it as the "largest and most comprehensive global index of its kind".
The International Innovation Index is part of a large research study that looked at both the business outcomes of innovation and government's ability to encourage and support innovation through public policy
. The study comprised a survey of more than 1,000 senior executives from NAM member companies across all industries; in-depth interviews with 30 of the executives; and a comparison of the "innovation friendliness" of 110 countries and all 50 U.S. states. The findings are published in the report, "The Innovation Imperative in Manufacturing: How the United States Can Restore Its Edge."
The report discusses not only country performance but also what companies are doing and should be doing to spur innovation. It looks at new policy indicators for innovation, including tax incentives and policies for immigration
, education
and intellectual property
.
Innovation
Innovation is the creation of better or more effective products, processes, technologies, or ideas that are accepted by markets, governments, and society...
of a country, produced jointly by The Boston Consulting Group (BCG), the National Association of Manufacturers
National Association of Manufacturers
The National Association of Manufacturers is an advocacy group headquartered in Washington, D.C. with 10 additional offices across the country...
(NAM), and The Manufacturing Institute (MI), the NAM's nonpartisan research affiliate. NAM describes it as the "largest and most comprehensive global index of its kind".
The International Innovation Index is part of a large research study that looked at both the business outcomes of innovation and government's ability to encourage and support innovation through public policy
Public policy
Public policy as government action is generally the principled guide to action taken by the administrative or executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs. In general, the foundation is the pertinent national and...
. The study comprised a survey of more than 1,000 senior executives from NAM member companies across all industries; in-depth interviews with 30 of the executives; and a comparison of the "innovation friendliness" of 110 countries and all 50 U.S. states. The findings are published in the report, "The Innovation Imperative in Manufacturing: How the United States Can Restore Its Edge."
The report discusses not only country performance but also what companies are doing and should be doing to spur innovation. It looks at new policy indicators for innovation, including tax incentives and policies for immigration
Immigration
Immigration is the act of foreigners passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence...
, education
Education
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
and intellectual property
Intellectual property
Intellectual property is a term referring to a number of distinct types of creations of the mind for which a set of exclusive rights are recognized—and the corresponding fields of law...
.
Positively ranked countries
| Rank | Country | Overall | Innovation Inputs | Innovation Performance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Singapore |
2.45 | 2.89 | 2.01 |
| 2 |  Switzerland |
2.16 | 1.52 | 2.75 |
| 3 |  South Korea |
2.15 | 1.75 | 2.55 |
| 4 |  Iceland |
2.11 | 2.21 | 2.01 |
| 5 |  Finland |
2.02 | 2.01 | 2.02 |
| 6 |  Hong Kong |
1.82 | 1.77 | 1.85 |
| 7 |  Republic of Ireland |
1.81 | 1.78 | 1.84 |
| 8 |  Japan |
1.80 | 1.28 | 2.25 |
| 9 |  United States |
1.66 | 1.16 | 2.16 |
| 10 |  Sweden |
1.56 | 1.25 | 1.88 |
| 11 |  Netherlands |
1.54 | 1.40 | 1.55 |
| 12 |  Denmark |
1.52 | 1.55 | 1.49 |
| 13 |  Luxembourg |
1.52 | 1.02 | 2.03 |
| 14 |  Israel |
1.44 | 1.34 | 1.43 |
| 15 |  Canada |
1.36 | 1.39 | 1.32 |
| 16 |  United Kingdom |
1.35 | 1.33 | 1.37 |
| 17 |  Austria |
1.16 | 1.16 | 1.12 |
| 18 |  Norway |
1.15 | 1.16 | 1.11 |
| 19 |  Early Modern France |
1.06 | 1.17 | 0.96 |
| 20 |  Spain |
1.03 | 1.02 | 1.03 |
| 21 |  Mainland China |
1.03 | 0.06 | 1.96 |
| 22 |  Malaysia |
0.96 | 0.89 | 1.01 |
| 23 |  Australia |
0.93 | 0.89 | 1.05 |
| 24 |  Estonia |
0.91 | 1.50 | 0.25 |
| 25 |  Belgium |
0.86 | 0.85 | 0.79 |
| 26 |  Germany |
0.81 | 0.79 | 0.84 |
| 27 |  New Zealand |
0.77 | 0.79 | 0.69 |
| 28 |  Cyprus |
0.63 | 0.64 | 0.56 |
| 29 |  Portugal |
0.60 | 0.92 | 0.22 |
| 30 |  Qatar |
0.52 | 1.02 | 0.02 |
| 31 |  Hungary |
0.51 | 0.80 | 0.18 |
| 32 |  Malta |
0.39 | 0.24 | 0.54 |
| 33 |  Slovenia |
0.37 | 0.47 | 0.24 |
| 34 |  Czech Republic |
0.34 | 0.88 | -0.10 |
| 35 |  South Africa |
0.33 | 0.15 | 0.47 |
| 36 |  Bahrain |
0.27 | 0.78 | -0.26 |
| 37 |  Chile |
0.24 | 0.36 | 0.04 |
| 38 |  Italy |
0.21 | 0.16 | 0.24 |
| 39 |  Slovakia |
0.19 | 0.72 | -0.31 |
| 40 |  Tunisia |
0.16 | 0.64 | -0.32 |
| 41 |  Greece |
0.12 | 0.02 | 0.22 |
| 42 |  Latvia |
0.11 | 0.36 | -0.12 |
| -- |  Lithuania |
0.11 | 0.64 | -0.40 |
| 44 |  India |
0.09 | 0.12 | 0.04 |
| -- |  Thailand |
0.09 | -0.24 | 0.36 |
| 46 |  Kuwait |
0.08 | 0.64 | -0.36 |
| 47 |  Independent State of Croatia |
0.06 | 0.32 | -0.21 |
| 48 |  Trinidad and Tobago |
0.05 | -0.24 | 0.36 |
| 49 |  Kingdom of Bulgaria |
0.04 | 0.48 | -0.36 |
Negatively ranked countries
| Rank | Country | Overall | Innovation Inputs | Innovation Performance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51 |  Russia |
-0.09 | -0.02 | -0.16 |
| 52 |  Saudi Arabia |
-0.12 | 0.57 | -0.79 |
| 53 |  Poland |
-0.13 | 0.22 | -0.45 |
| 54 |  Philippines |
-0.15 | -0.64 | 0.36 |
| 55 |  Oman |
-0.15 | 0.27 | -0.56 |
| 56 |  Jordan |
-0.15 | -0.04 | -0.26 |
| 57 |  Mexico |
-0.16 | 0.11 | -0.42 |
| 58 |  Turkey |
-0.21 | 0.15 | -0.55 |
| 59 |  Lesotho |
-0.22 | -1.01 | 0.59 |
| 60 |  Kazakhstan |
-0.23 | -0.51 | 0.07 |
| 61 |  Kingdom of Romania |
-0.29 | 0.22 | -0.77 |
| 62 |  Costa Rica |
-0.39 | -0.57 | -0.18 |
| 63 |  Panama |
-0.43 | -0.48 | -0.34 |
| 64 |  Ukraine |
-0.45 | -0.13 | -0.73 |
| 65 |  Egypt |
-0.47 | -0.46 | -0.43 |
| 66 |  Botswana |
-0.47 | -0.50 | -0.40 |
| 67 |  Albania |
-0.49 | -0.58 | -0.34 |
| 68 |  Azerbaijan |
-0.54 | -0.48 | -0.54 |
| 69 |  Sri Lanka |
-0.56 | -0.61 | -0.46 |
| 70 |  Morocco |
-0.57 | -0.55 | -0.54 |
| 71 |  Indonesia |
-0.57 | -0.63 | -0.46 |
| 72 |  Brazil |
-0.59 | -0.62 | -0.51 |
| 73 |  Vietnam |
-0.65 | -1.09 | -0.16 |
| 74 |  Colombia |
-0.66 | -0.95 | -0.30 |
| 75 |  Armenia |
-0.66 | -0.75 | -0.52 |
| 76 |  Republic of Macedonia |
-0.68 | -0.13 | -1.17 |
| 77 |  Georgia (country) |
-0.72 | -0.48 | -0.88 |
| 78 |  Ethiopia |
-0.75 | -1.16 | -0.27 |
| 79 |  Jamaica |
-0.75 | -0.72 | -0.72 |
| 80 |  El Salvador |
-0.77 | -0.59 | -0.88 |
| 81 |  Kyrgyzstan |
-0.78 | -0.54 | -0.95 |
| 82 |  Honduras |
-0.79 | -0.64 | -0.85 |
| 83 |  Moldova |
-0.80 | -0.24 | -1.28 |
| 84 |  Pakistan |
-0.82 | -1.04 | -0.51 |
| 85 |  Algeria |
-0.83 | -0.87 | -0.70 |
| 86 |  Paraguay |
-0.89 | -0.63 | -1.07 |
| 87 |  Mongolia |
-0.90 | -0.71 | -1.01 |
| 88 |  Nigeria |
-0.95 | -0.91 | -0.90 |
| 89 |  Uruguay |
-0.95 | -0.76 | -1.06 |
| 90 |  Uganda |
-0.96 | -1.05 | -0.78 |
| 91 |  Burkina Faso |
-0.97 | -1.25 | -0.59 |
| 92 |  Argentina |
-0.97 | -0.96 | -0.90 |
| 93 |  Tajikistan |
-0.99 | -1.04 | -0.86 |
| 94 |  Guatemala |
-0.99 | -0.94 | -0.96 |
| 95 |  Kenya |
-1.01 | -0.91 | -1.02 |
| 96 |  Bolivia |
-1.02 | -1.08 | -0.87 |
| 97 |  Syria |
-1.03 | -0.99 | -0.98 |
| 98 |  Nepal |
-1.05 | -1.23 | -0.77 |
| 99 |  Peru |
-1.06 | -1.18 | -0.85 |
| 100 |  Senegal |
-1.06 | -1.11 | -0.91 |
| 101 |  Namibia |
-1.07 | -1.12 | -0.92 |
| 102 |  Ecuador |
-1.11 | -1.21 | -0.91 |
| 103 |  Madagascar |
-1.16 | -1.15 | -1.06 |
| 104 |  Nicaragua |
-1.18 | -1.22 | -1.02 |
| 105 |  Zambia |
-1.28 | -1.40 | -1.03 |
| 106 |  Benin |
-1.28 | -1.55 | -0.89 |
| 107 |  Cameroon |
-1.32 | -1.77 | -0.74 |
| 108 |  Venezuela |
-1.37 | -1.50 | -1.10 |
| 109 |  Burundi |
-1.54 | -1.82 | -1.22 |
| 110 |  Zimbabwe |
-1.63 | -1.63 | -1.48 |
See also
- Creative destructionCreative destructionCreative destruction is a term originally derived from Marxist economic theory which refers to the linked processes of the accumulation and annihilation of wealth under capitalism. These processes were first described in The Communist Manifesto and were expanded in Marx's Grundrisse and "Volume...
- Creative problem solvingCreative problem solvingCreative problem solving is the mental process of creating a solution to a problem. It is a special form of problem solving in which the solution is independently created rather than learned with assistance.Creative problem solving always involves creativity....
- Theories of technologyTheories of technologyThere are a number of theories attempting to address technology, which tend to be associated with the disciplines of science and technology studies and communication studies...
- Diffusion (anthropology)
- Ecoinnovation
- Emerging technologiesEmerging technologiesIn the history of technology, emerging technologies are contemporary advances and innovation in various fields of technology. Various converging technologies have emerged in the technological convergence of different systems evolving towards similar goals...
- List of emerging technologies
- Hype cycleHype cycleA hype cycle is a graphic representation of the maturity, adoption and social application of specific technologies. The term was coined by Gartner, Inc.-Rationale:...
- Individual capitalIndividual capitalIndividual capital, also known as human capital, comprises inalienable or personal traits of persons, tied to their bodies and available only through their own free will, such as skill, creativity, enterprise, courage, capacity for moral example, non-communicable wisdom, invention or empathy,...
- Induced innovationInduced innovationInduced innovation is a macroeconomic hypothesis first proposed in 1932 by J.R. Hicks in his work The Theory of Wages. He proposed that "a change in the relative prices of the factors of production is itself a spur to invention, and to invention of a particular kind—directed to economizing...
- Information revolution
- IngenuityIngenuityIngenuity refers to the process of applying ideas to solve problems or meet challenges. The process of figuring out how to cross a mountain stream using a fallen log, build an airplane from a sheet of paper, or start a new company in a foreign culture all involve the exercising of ingenuity...
- InventionInventionAn invention is a novel composition, device, or process. An invention may be derived from a pre-existing model or idea, or it could be independently conceived, in which case it may be a radical breakthrough. In addition, there is cultural invention, which is an innovative set of useful social...
- InnovationInnovationInnovation is the creation of better or more effective products, processes, technologies, or ideas that are accepted by markets, governments, and society...
- Innovation economicsInnovation EconomicsInnovation economics or economics of innovation is a growing economic doctrine that reformulates conventional economics theory so that knowledge, technology, entrepreneurship, and innovation are positioned at the center of the model rather than seen as independent forces that are largely unaffected...
- Innovation saturationInnovation saturationInnovation Saturation was introduced by American economist and historian Tom Osenton in his 2004 book The Death of Demand: Finding Growth in a Saturated Global Economy . Innovation Saturation is a business cycle theory that posits that every company experiences two major growth trends during its...
- Knowledge economyKnowledge economyThe knowledge economy is a term that refers either to an economy of knowledge focused on the production and management of knowledge in the frame of economic constraints, or to a knowledge-based economy. In the second meaning, more frequently used, it refers to the use of knowledge technologies to...
- Open innovationOpen InnovationAlthough the idea and discussion about some consequences date back at least to the 60s, open innovation is a term promoted by Henry Chesbrough, a professor and executive director at the Center for Open Innovation at the University of California, Berkeley, in his book Open Innovation: The new...
- PatentPatentA patent is a form of intellectual property. It consists of a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for the public disclosure of an invention....
- Public domainPublic domainWorks are in the public domain if the intellectual property rights have expired, if the intellectual property rights are forfeited, or if they are not covered by intellectual property rights at all...
- ResearchResearchResearch can be defined as the scientific search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a scientific method...
- Timeline of historic inventions
- Toolkits for User InnovationToolkits for User InnovationToolkits for user innovation allow manufacturers to " abandon their attempts to understand user needs in detail in favor of transferring need-related aspects of product and service development to users along with an appropriate toolkit"...
- User innovationUser innovationUser innovation refers to innovation by intermediate users or consumer users , rather than by suppliers ....
- Value networkValue networkA value network is a business analysis perspective that describes social and technical resources within and between businesses. The nodes in a value network represent people . The nodes are connected by interactions that represent tangible and intangible deliverables. These deliverables take the...