Gold (disambiguation)
Encyclopedia
Gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...

is a highly sought-after precious metal that throughout virtually all of recorded history has been used as money.

Gold may also refer to:

In science and technology

  • Gold (color)
    Gold (color)
    Gold, also called golden, is one of a variety of orange-yellow color blends used to give the impression of the color of the element gold....

    , shade of the metal gold
  • GOLD (ontology)
    GOLD (ontology)
    GOLD is an ontology for descriptive linguistics. It gives a formalized account of the most basic categories and relations used in the scientific description of human language....

    , an ontology for descriptive linguistics
  • GOLD (parser)
    GOLD (parser)
    GOLD is a freeware parsing system that is designed to support multiple programming languages.- Design :The system uses a DFA for lexical analysis and the LALR algorithm for parsing. Both of these algorithms are state machines that use tables to determine actions...

    , an open source Backus-Naur form parser
  • Gold (linker)
    Gold (linker)
    gold is a linker for ELF files. It became an official GNU package and was added to binutils on March, 2008 and first released in binutils version 2.19. Gold was developed by Ian Lance Taylor and a small team at Google...

    , a linker designed to be faster than GNU ld
  • Gold, in a software release life cycle, a version of a piece of software ready for mass distribution

Film

  • Gold (1932 film)
    Gold (1932 film)
    Gold is a 1932 American film directed by Otto Brower. An early sound B western, the film starred Jack Hoxie in the second of his six sound westerns, featuring Hooper Atchley as the villain Kramer...

    , an American film directed by Otto Brower
  • Gold (1934 film)
    Gold (1934 film)
    Gold is a 1934 science fiction film directed by Karl Hartl and starring Hans Albers.-Cast:* Hans Albers - Werner Holk* Friedrich Kayßler - Prof...

    , a German film
  • Gold (1974 film), a film starring Roger Moore

Literature

  • David Gold (Star Trek), a character in the Starfleet Corps of Engineers book series
  • "Gold" (Asimov short story)
    Gold (Asimov short story)
    Gold is a short story by Isaac Asimov, originally appearing in the September 1991 issue of Analog Science Fiction and Fact and collected in the eponymous volume Gold. It was one of the last short stories he wrote in his life, and is considered by some to be his last significant piece of writing...

    , a science fiction story
  • Gold (Asimov)
    Gold (Asimov)
    Gold: The Final Science Fiction Collection is a collection of Isaac Asimov's stories and essays. The stories, which comprise its first half, are short pieces which had remained uncollected at the time of Asimov's death. As such, they have been criticized by some as inept or below par—what the...

    , a collection of short stories by Isaac Asimov
  • Gold (novel)
    Gold (novel)
    Gold is a novel by British author Dan Rhodes published in March 2007 by Canongate. It won the inaugural Clare Maclean Prize for Scottish Fiction and has since been published in four other languages...

    , a novel by Dan Rhodes
  • Gold, a member of the Metal Men
    Metal Men
    The Metal Men are fictional characters that appear in comic books published by DC Comics. The characters first appeared in Showcase #37 and were created by writer Robert Kanigher and penciller Ross Andru...

     in the DC Comics universe

Music

  • Gold album, an album or single that has sold a minimum number of copies
  • Gold CD
    Gold CD
    A gold CD is one in which gold is used in place of the super purity aluminiumcommonly used as the reflective coating on ordinary CDs or silver on ordinary CD-RsThe gold coats more evenly and reacts with oxygen more slowly, thus...

    , a compact disc where gold is used instead of aluminium
  • Gold (band)
    Gold (band)
    Gold is a French music band from Toulouse which enjoyed considerable success in the Francophone world in the 1980s.-History:Gold was originally composed of five musicians : Lucien Crémadès , Alain Llorca , Bernard Mazauric , Etienne Salvador and lead singer/guitarist Emile Wandelmer.The group...

    , a French band
  • Gold (album series)
    Gold (album series)
    Gold is a series of 2-disc compilation albums released by Universal Music Group. They are usually priced about the same as a regular single CD...

    , a series of double-CD compilations released by Universal music
  • "Gold", a song from John Stewart's 1979 album Bombs Away Dream Babies
    Bombs Away Dream Babies
    Bombs Away Dream Babies is an album released by John Stewart on the RSO label in 1979. It peaked at #10 on the Billboard album chart. Despite selling over a million US copies, the disc never received a Gold or Platinum award from the RIAA....

  • "Gold" (Spandau Ballet song)
    Gold (Spandau Ballet song)
    "Gold" is a 1983 single by the British new wave band Spandau Ballet from their flagship third album True.The song is Spandau Ballet's 2nd best-charting single behind their previous release "True", reaching #2 on the UK Singles Chart , and #29 on the U.S Billboard Hot 100 chart...

    , 1983
  • "Gold" (Prince song)
    Gold (Prince song)
    "Gold" is a song by Prince from his 1995 album The Gold Experience. Obviously proud of the number, Prince was touting the song as the next "Purple Rain" to reporters before the album's release....

    , 1995
  • "Gold" (B'z song)
    Gold (B'z song)
    "Gold" is the thirty-second single by B'z, released on August 8, 2001. This song is one of B'z many number-one singles in Oricon charts. As B-Sides, the single features Makkana Shiruku and Ultra Soul ~Splash Style~, a remix of the song "Ultra Soul", previously released on the album Green.- Track...

    , 2001
  • "Gold" (Beverley Knight song)
    Gold (Beverley Knight song)
    "Gold" was the third single released from Beverley Knight's studio album, Who I Am. The song, which peaked at #27 in Britain, was different from the album version - which was produced by Mike Spencer, and is a big favourite amongst fans...

    , 2002
  • "Gold", a 2009 single by Antoine Clamaran
    Antoine Clamaran
    Antoine Clamaran is a French house music artist and music remixer. Clamaran was born in Villeurbanne. In the early 90's, his local fame interested Maximum FM, the leading parisian dance radio station at that time. Impressed by his mixing gift, Clamaran gained a huge audience and started to be...

  • "Gold" (Uverworld song)
    Gold (Uverworld song)
    "Gold" is the 15th single by the Japanese rock band Uverworld. It was released on March 31, 2010. The second track of the single, "Change" is set to be the image song of the upcoming Mobile Suit Gundam 00 movie adaptation...

    , 2010

  • Gold (ABBA album)
    ABBA Gold: Greatest Hits
    Gold: Greatest Hits is a compilation album of recordings by Swedish pop group ABBA. It was released on September 21, 1992 through PolyGram, the first compilation to be released after the company had acquired Polar Music and thus the rights to the ABBA back catalogue. In 1998, PolyGram was in turn...

    , a 1992 compilation
  • Gold (The Allman Brothers Band album)
    Gold (The Allman Brothers Band album)
    Gold: The Allman Brothers Band is a compilation album with songs from their first album until their 1979 album Enlightened Rogues. This was released in 2005...

    , a 2005 compilation
  • Gold (Aerosmith album)
    Young Lust: The Aerosmith Anthology
    -Personnel:*Steven Tyler - lead vocals, harmonica, mandolin, keyboards*Joe Perry - lead guitar, appalachian dulcimer, backing vocals*Brad Whitford - rhythm guitar*Tom Hamilton - bass*Joey Kramer - drumsAdditional musicians...

    , a 2005 reissue of Young Lust: The Aerosmith Anthology
  • Gold (The Beautiful South album)
    Gold (The Beautiful South album)
    Gold by The Beautiful South is the third greatest hits album to be released by the band. It is similar in design to other "Gold" albums released by bands either currently or previously of various labels under the Universal Music Group. The album is a 2 disc collection of both single and album...

    , a 2006 Greatest Hits album by The Beautiful South
  • Gold (Bethany Curve album)
    Gold (Bethany Curve album)
    Gold is the second album by Santa Cruz, California based shoegaze band Bethany Curve released in 1998. Generally regarded as their best work, it become the first Unit Circle release to break into the CMJ top 200.-Track listing:#"Drag" - 7:17...

    , a 1998 alternative rock album by Bethany Curve
  • Gold (Billie Holiday album), a 2005 compilation of Billie Holiday
    Billie Holiday
    Billie Holiday was an American jazz singer and songwriter. Nicknamed "Lady Day" by her friend and musical partner Lester Young, Holiday had a seminal influence on jazz and pop singing...

  • Gold (Bob Marley & The Wailers album)
    Gold (Bob Marley & The Wailers album)
    Gold is a two-disc compilation album by Bob Marley and the Wailers that was released on the Island Records label in 2005. The compilation is intended to be a career-spanning retrospective, and no fewer than two songs are selected from each of Bob Marley and the Wailers' albums with the company...

    , a 2005 2-CD compilation
  • Gold (Cameo album)
    Gold (Cameo album)
    Gold is a 2-disc greatest hits album released by funk/R&B group Cameo in 2005. The collection is, track for track, the same release as 2002's Anthology, even including the same liner notes...

    , a 2005 2-CD compilation
  • Gold: 35th Anniversary Edition
    Gold: 35th Anniversary Edition
    Carpenters Gold: 35th Anniversary Edition is a two-disc compilation released by The Carpenters in early 2004. It peaked at #4 in the UK Album Charts.-Disc one:#"Superstar" #"Rainy Days and Mondays" #"Top of the World" #"Maybe It's You"...

    , a 2004 compilation album by The Carpenters
  • Gold (Cat Stevens album)
    Gold (Cat Stevens album)
    Gold is a two-CD compilation of classic singles and album tracks by British singer/songwriter Cat Stevens, now known as Yusuf Islam. It is part of Universal Music's series of double-disc anthologies derived from their extensive back catalog...

    , a 2005 2-CD compilation
  • Gold (Cher album), a 2005 2-CD compilation
  • Gold (Donna Summer album)
    Gold (Donna Summer album)
    Gold was Donna Summer's most recent greatest hits compilations. Donna Summer's entry in Universal Music's two-disc compilation series Gold is more or less a re-release of 1993's The Donna Summer Anthology, with the most noticeable differences being the cover art and that Gold includes four of her...

    , a 2005 2-CD compilation of Donna Summer
  • Gold (Eric B. & Rakim album), a 2005 2-CD compilation of Eric B. & Rakim
  • Gold (The Fucking Am album)
    Gold (The Fucking Am album)
    Gold is a 2004 album by The Fucking Am, a collaboration between The Fucking Champs and Trans Am. It was the second of two collaborations between the bands; they had previously recorded an EP in 2001 under the name TransChamps.-Track listings:#Bad Leg...

    , a 2004 album by The Fucking Am
  • Gold (Gap Band album), a 2006 2-CD compilation of Gap Band
    Gap Band
    The Gap Band was an American funk band, who rose to fame during the 1970s and 1980s. Comprising brothers Charlie, Ronnie and Robert Wilson, the band first formed as the Greenwood, Archer and Pine Street Band in 1967 in their hometown of Tulsa, Oklahoma. The group shortened its name to The Gap Band...

  • Gold (Jefferson Starship album)
    Gold (Jefferson Starship album)
    -Personnel:*Marty Balin – vocals*John Barbata – drums, percussion, vocals*Craig Chaquico – lead guitar, vocals*David Freiberg – bass, keyboards, vocals*Paul Kantner – rhythm guitar, vocals*Pete Sears – bass, keyboards*Grace Slick – vocals...

    , a 1979 compilation by Jefferson Starship
  • Gold (Joe Cocker album)
    Gold (Joe Cocker album)
    Gold is a greatest hits album by Joe Cocker, released in 2006 as part of Gold album series.-Disc 1:#"Feelin' Alright" – 4:10#"With a Little Help from My Friends" – 5:12#"Delta Lady" – 2:51...

    , a 2006 greatest hits album by Joe Cocker
  • Gold (John Stewart album), a 2000 2-CD compilation
  • Gold (In Extremo album) a 1997 album by German folk metal band In Extremo
    In Extremo
    In Extremo is a German medieval metal band originating from Berlin. The band's musical style combines metal with medieval traditional songs, blending the sound of the standard rock/metal instruments with historical instruments...

  • Gold (KISS album)
    Gold (KISS album)
    Gold is a 2005 greatest hits collection from hard rock band Kiss. This two-disc set covers the band's recordings from 1974 to 1982. All tracks are previously available.-Track listing:Disc 1:#"Strutter"...

    , a 2005 2-CD compilation
  • Gold (Lynyrd Skynyrd album), a 2006 reissue of The Essential Lynyrd Skynyrd
  • Gold (Luv' album)
    Luv' Gold
    Luv' Gold is a 1993 greatest hits album by Dutch girl group Luv' which features hit singles like You're the Greatest Lover, Trojan Horse, Casanova, Ooh, Yes I Do and some album tracks from the formation's heyday ....

    , a 1993 compilation
  • Gold (MusicStars album), a 2005 album
  • Gold (Ohio Players album)
    Gold (Ohio Players album)
    -Track listing:# "Feel The Beat " # "Love Rollercoaster" # "I Want To Be Free" # "Fopp" # "Far East Mississippi" # "Skin Tight" # "Fire" # "Sweet Sticky Thing" # "Jive Turkey "...

    , a 1976 soul/funk album by The Ohio Players
  • Gold (Olivia Newton-John album), a 2005 compilation of Olivia Newton-John
    Olivia Newton-John
    Olivia Newton-John AO, OBE is a singer and actress. She is a four-time Grammy award winner who has amassed five No. 1 and ten other Top Ten Billboard Hot 100 singles and two No. 1 Billboard 200 solo albums. Eleven of her singles and 14 of her albums have been certified gold by the RIAA...

  • Gold (Poco album), a 2006 country rock album by Poco
  • Gold (Rush album)
    Gold (Rush album)
    Gold is a compilation album by Canadian rock band Rush, released April 25, 2006.The compilation is a repackaging of the two 1997 Rush compilation albums Retrospective I and Retrospective II with the exception of the track "Something for Nothing" which is replaced by "Working Man".- Disc 1 :# "The...

    , a 2006 compilation
  • Gold (Ryan Adams album)
    Gold (Ryan Adams album)
    -Album:-Singles:-Critical reception:-Personnel:* Ryan Adams – Vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, banjo, piano* Bucky Baxter – Steel guitar* Andre Carter – Trumpet* Richard Causon – Piano* Jennifer Condos – Bass...

    , a 2001 album
  • Gold (Scorpions album)
    Gold (Scorpions album)
    Gold is a compilation album by German heavy metal band Scorpions, released in 2006.It is one of the band's few career-spanning sets, featuring their better-known Mercury Records material, as well as the earlier material with Ulrich Jon Roth.-Disc one:...

    , a 2005 compilation
  • Gold (September album)
    Gold (September album)
    -Release history:...

    , a 2008 compilation
  • Gold (Sonicflood album), a 2004 compilation of Sonicflood
  • Gold (Soraya album), a 2006 2-CD compilation of Latin-pop singer Soraya
    Soraya (musician)
    Soraya was an American singer/songwriter, guitarist, arranger and record producer.A successful Colombian music star, she had two number-one songs on Billboard's Latin Pop Airplay charts...

  • Gold (Starflyer 59 album)
    Gold (Starflyer 59 album)
    Gold is the second album by Starflyer 59. Just like their first album, the title of the second album was based on the gold cover chosen for the album's cover. It was originally released in 1995...

    , a 1995 album
  • Gold (Steely Dan album)
    Gold (Steely Dan album)
    Gold is a compilation album by Steely Dan, released in 1982. It mostly comprises hits both post-dating and not included on their 1978 Greatest Hits, essentially acting as "Volume 2"; it also features additional album tracks, offering a broad perspective on the band's career to that point.Seven of...

    , a 1982 compilation of Steely Dan
  • Gold (Stephanie Mills album), a 2006 2-CD compilation of Stephanie Mills
    Stephanie Mills
    Stephanie Dorthea Mills is an American R&B and soul singer, and a former Broadway star.-Career:Mills began her career appearing in her first play at the age of nine. Two years later, Mills won Amateur Night at the Apollo Theater a record six times...

  • Gold (Steppenwolf album), a 2005 compilation
  • Gold (The Stranglers album)
    Gold (The Stranglers album)
    -Disc 1:# "Waltzinblack"# "Valley of the Birds"# "Strange Little Girl"# "Summer in the City"# "Lies and Deception"# "Here"# "Tonight"# "Miss You"# "Always the Sun"# "Known Only Unto God"# "Wonderful Land"# "Let Me Down Easy"# "Joy De Viva"...

    , a 2003 compilation album by The Stranglers
  • Gold (Styx album), a 2006 reissue of Come Sail Away - The Styx Anthology
  • Gold (Sublime album)
    Gold (Sublime album)
    Gold is a 2-disc Sublime compilation that catalogs the band's songs from their three studio albums as well as a few tracks from their B-side collection, Second-hand Smoke. This is the third and largest compilation of the band's songs to date...

    , a 2005 2-CD compilation
  • Gold (Tears For Fears album), a 2006 compilation
  • Gold (The Beautiful South album)
    Gold (The Beautiful South album)
    Gold by The Beautiful South is the third greatest hits album to be released by the band. It is similar in design to other "Gold" albums released by bands either currently or previously of various labels under the Universal Music Group. The album is a 2 disc collection of both single and album...

    , a 2006 compilation
  • Gold (Velvet Underground album)
    Gold (Velvet Underground album)
    Gold is a two-CD compilation album by The Velvet Underground. It was released for the North American market on June 14, 2005, by Polydor, the record label that oversees the band's Universal Music Group back catalogue....

    , a 2005 2-CD compilation

See also

  • Gold & Platinum (Lynyrd Skynyrd album)
    Gold & Platinum
    Gold & Platinum was a 2-disc best of/hits compilation by Lynyrd Skynyrd. It was released in 1979 and is now out of print. The compilation spans their peak years from 1972–1977. The album contains three live tracks from the band's critically acclaimed One More From The Road, which are "Gimme Three...

    , a 1980 compilation of Lynyrd Skynyrd
  • Gold Collection (UFO album), a 1999 best-of compilation
  • Cream Gold
    Cream Gold
    -See also:Other Gold titles:* Traffic* KISS* Rod Stewart* Classic Rock* Scorpions* The Allman Brothers Band...

    , a 2005 2-CD compilation, similar to the other Universal Music Group Gold collections
  • Traffic Gold
    Traffic Gold
    Traffic Gold is a two-disc 2005 compilation album by the psychedelic rock band Traffic. It contains at least one song from each album except On the Road, Far From Home, and The Last Great Traffic Jam.-Disc one:...

    , a 2005 2-CD compilation, similar to the other Universal Music Group Gold collections
  • Classic Rock Gold
    Classic Rock Gold
    Classic Rock Gold is a two-disc compilation album released in 2005. It features thirty-three of the greatest hits to come out of classic rock, many of which are from the Universal Music Group catalogue....

    , a 2005 2-CD compilation, similar to the other Universal Music Group Gold collections
  • Southern Rock Gold
    Southern Rock Gold
    Southern Rock Gold is a two-disc greatest hits compilation album released in 2005. It features thirty-two of the greatest hits from Southern rock, many of which are from the Universal Music Group catalogue...

    , a 2005 2-CD compilation, similar to the other Universal Music Group Gold collections
  • The Gold Record
    The Gold Record
    The Gold Record is the seventh full-length album from The Bouncing Souls. It was released on June 6, 2006 which the band deemed 'the number of the release', and also deemed the album 'the release of the beast'. This is due to its release date , the fact that it is their sixth album of previously...

    , a 2006 album by The Bouncing Souls.


And, by album's title:
  • Classic Gold (George Carlin album)
    Classic Gold (George Carlin album)
    Classic Gold is an album by American comedian George Carlin, released on October 27, 1992 on Atlantic Records. It contains the comedian's first three gold albums in their entirety: FM & AM , Class Clown and Occupation: Foole .-Disc 1:# Shoot# The Hair Piece# Sex in Commercials# Drugs#...

    , a 1992 compilation
  • Going for Gold (Shed Seven album)
    Going for Gold (album)
    Going For Gold is a singles compilation album by the British rock band, Shed Seven, released in May 1999 via Polydor Records. The album features sleevenotes written by Mark Sutherland, the former editor of Melody Maker, who refers to the LP as the band's "Best Of Album", whereas the album artwork...

    , a 1999 compilation
  • Platinum & Gold Collection (Ace of Base album)
    Platinum & Gold Collection (Ace of Base album)
    Platinum & Gold Collection is a 2003 Ace of Base compilation album, released in the United States. It has since been repackaged and sold as The Hits...

    , a 2002 compilation
  • Platinum & Gold Collection (Lit album), a 2004 compilation
  • Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album)
    Platinum & Gold Collection (Toni Braxton album)
    Platinum & Gold Collection, released in 2004, is the second greatest hits compilation by Toni Braxton, following Ultimate Toni Braxton released in 2003. It is a budget CD with fewer songs than Ultimate, but it has the remix versions of some songs...

    , a 2004 compilation
  • Solid Gold (Gang of Four album)
    Solid Gold (album)
    Solid Gold is the second album by the British post-punk band Gang of Four, released in 1981. Two of its tracks, "Outside the Trains Don't Run on Time" and "He'd Send in the Army", are re-recordings of songs previously released as a single in the UK....

    , a 1981 album

Television

  • ANT1 Gold
    ANT1 Gold
    ANT1 Prime is a specialty service from ANT1 Group, who owns the popular Greek network ANT1. It features classic programming from ANT1 including top-rated series, live soccer matches as well as music content....

    , a spin-off satellite channel from Antenna Group
  • Ari Gold (Entourage)
    Ari Gold (Entourage)
    Ariel "Ari" Gold is a fictional character on the comedy-drama television series Entourage. He was played by Jeremy Piven.-Biography:Ari Gold is Vincent Chase's neurotic movie agent. He is a product of the public school system. He was an undergrad at Harvard University before earning his J.D./M.B.A....

    , character in the television drama Entourage
  • G.O.L.D., a British television channel
  • Ethan Gold, fictional character on the television series Queer as Folk

Radio

  • Gold (radio), a British radio network created in 2007
  • Gold 90.5FM, a Singaporean radio station

Other uses

  • Gold, California
    Gold, California
    Gold is a former settlement in Madera County, California. It was located a little east of Fine Gold.A post office operated at Gold from 1894 to 1907. Many of the original inhabitants came from Fine Gold.-References:...

    , a former settlement in Madera County, California
  • Gold, California, former name of Fine Gold, California
    Fine Gold, California
    Fine Gold is an unincorporated community in Madera County, California. It is located west-southwest of North Fork, at an elevation of 1352 feet ....

    , a community in Madera County
  • Gold (hieroglyph)
    Gold (hieroglyph)
    The ancient Egyptian Gold hieroglyph is a member of the crowns, dress, staves hieroglyphs. Its major importance is as one of the Fivefold Titulary names of the Egyptian pharaoh, the Horus of Gold name....

    , an Egyptian language hieroglyph
  • Gold, an old name for Nani people, used in 19th century literature
  • Gold (biscuit)
    Gold (biscuit)
    Gold is a caramel covered biscuit bar snack food, made in the United Kingdom by McVities, a division of United Biscuits.Designed to look like a gold bar, the in length biscuit comes in a gold-coloured plastic wrapper...

    , a caramel covered biscuit made by McVities.

See also

  • GOLD (disambiguation)
    Gold (disambiguation)
    Gold is a highly sought-after precious metal that throughout virtually all of recorded history has been used as money.Gold may also refer to:-In science and technology:* Gold , shade of the metal gold...

  • Gold (surname)
    Gold (surname)
    Gold is a surname and may refer to:* Alan Gold , Australian novelist, literary critic and human rights activist* Alan B. Gold , chief justice of Quebec Superior Court* Alan Stephen Gold , American lawyer and judge...

  • Gold as an investment
    Gold as an investment
    Of all the precious metals, gold is the most popular as an investment. Investors generally buy gold as a hedge or harbor against economic, political, or social fiat currency crises...

  • Black gold (disambiguation)
  • Fool's Gold (disambiguation)
    Fool's Gold (disambiguation)
    Fool's Gold usually refers to the mineral pyrite.Fool's Gold may also refer to:- Film :* Fool's Gold , a silent drama film* Fool's Gold , a Hopalong Cassidy film...

  • Gold River (disambiguation)
  • US Gold (disambiguation)
    US Gold (disambiguation)
    US Gold may refer to:* US Gold Corporation, gold mining company* U.S. Gold, video game company...

  • White Gold (disambiguation)
    White Gold (disambiguation)
    White gold is an alloy of gold and at least one white metal.White gold may refer to:* White Gold , a movie directed by William K...

  • Hierarchy of precious substances
    Hierarchy of precious substances
    In popular culture, sets of precious substances may form hierarchies which express conventional perceived relative value or merit. Precious metals appear prominently in such hierarchies, but as they grow, gems and semi-precious materials may be introduced as part of the system...

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