Goldcrest Films
Encyclopedia
Goldcrest Films is a British film production company founded by Jake Eberts
in January 1977. It enjoyed great success in the 1980s with films such as Local Hero
(1983), The Killing Fields
(1984) and Hope and Glory (1987) mostly produced by David Puttnam
on modest budgets. The company also benefited from the new investment of Channel 4
in film production. The company won two Academy Awards
for Best Picture, for Chariots of Fire
in 1981 and Gandhi
in 1982. After these initial successes the company backed more expensive productions with established Hollywood stars that often ran over schedule and budget culminating in Revolution
, The Mission (1986) and Absolute Beginners
that all turned out to be box office flops.
In recent years, Goldcrest Films has relaunched.
s, the production offices and the 60+ cutting rooms all have 200Mb/s access to SohoNet, and are serviced by certified Avid technicians and full-time IT experts. Goldcrest Post has a long and prestigious list of credits including The Last Emperor
, Saving Private Ryan
, Bridget Jones' Diary and Gangs of New York
. Recently work has been completed on Stars Wars Episodes I, II & III, The Magic Roundabout
, Hotel Rwanda
, Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, Batman Begins
, The Brothers Grimm, and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
.
In 2000, a sister facility was launched in New York City's West Village. Goldcrest Post New York incorporates an excellent 50-seat screening room with 35mm and HD/SD Digital Projection and three fully equipped Dubbing Theatres with ADR and Foley. The entire third floor is dedicated to Sound Design with a proprietary all digital workflow. In addition, there are 23 online and offline picture editing suites, a gigabit network, picture and sound editing suites, production offices and a CGI department. In 2004, Goldcrest Post NY opened their brand-new HD/2K Digital Intermediate Theatre. This theatre provides clients with 2k Data or HD Online Editorial and Color Correction services to a large screen. The cinema environment, 16 ft by 9 ft screen and Dark Chip projector, provide filmmakers with accurate pre-visualization of their films in the Editorial, Visual Effects, and Color Correction stages. Goldcrest Post NY is designed to facilitate the post-production processes for the independent filmmaker.
, Tropic Thunder
, Knowing
, Eagle Eye
, Revolutionary Road
and Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging
. Goldcrest Capital also raises funds and provides services on UK independent feature films. The first two films of this new initiative are Andrea Arnold’s upcoming Wuthering Heights
- produced by Douglas Rae and Robert Bernstein of Ecosse Films
and Kevin Loader and co-financed with the UK Film Council
, Film4
and Screen Yorkshire - and Phyllida Lloyd
’s biopic of Margaret Thatcher
, The Iron Lady
, starring 16-time Oscar nominee Meryl Streep
and produced by Damian Jones
for Pathé
, Film4
and the UK Film Council
with the participation of Canal+
and Cine Cinema.
Jake Eberts
Jake Eberts, OC is a movie producer, executive and financier. Known for risk-taking and producing a consistently high caliber of movies including such award-winning titles as Chariots of Fire , Gandhi , Dances with Wolves , and the successful animated feature Chicken Run .-Early life and...
in January 1977. It enjoyed great success in the 1980s with films such as Local Hero
Local Hero
Local Hero is a 1983 Scottish comedy-drama film starring Peter Riegert and Burt Lancaster. It was directed by Bill Forsyth and produced by David Puttnam....
(1983), The Killing Fields
The Killing Fields (film)
The Killing Fields is a 1984 British drama film about the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, which is based on the experiences of two journalists: Cambodian Dith Pran and American Sydney Schanberg. The film, which won three Academy Awards, was directed by Roland Joffé and stars Sam Waterston as...
(1984) and Hope and Glory (1987) mostly produced by David Puttnam
David Puttnam
David Terence Puttnam, Baron Puttnam, CBE, FRSA is a British film producer. He sits on the Labour benches in the House of Lords, although he is not principally a politician.-Early life:...
on modest budgets. The company also benefited from the new investment of Channel 4
Channel 4
Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster which began working on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority , the station is now owned and operated by the Channel...
in film production. The company won two Academy Awards
Academy Awards
An Academy Award, also known as an Oscar, is an accolade bestowed by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, including directors, actors, and writers...
for Best Picture, for Chariots of Fire
Chariots of Fire
Chariots of Fire is a 1981 British film. It tells the fact-based story of two athletes in the 1924 Olympics: Eric Liddell, a devout Scottish Christian who runs for the glory of God, and Harold Abrahams, an English Jew who runs to overcome prejudice....
in 1981 and Gandhi
Gandhi (film)
Gandhi is a 1982 biographical film based on the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who led the nonviolent resistance movement against British colonial rule in India during the first half of the 20th century. The film was directed by Richard Attenborough and stars Ben Kingsley as Gandhi. They both...
in 1982. After these initial successes the company backed more expensive productions with established Hollywood stars that often ran over schedule and budget culminating in Revolution
Revolution (1985 film)
Revolution is a 1985 film directed by Hugh Hudson, written by Robert Dillon and starring Al Pacino, Helen Porter, Donald Sutherland, Nastassja Kinski, Joan Plowright, Dave King, Annie Lennox, Danny Turner, Steven Berkoff, Graham Greene, and Robbie Coltrane....
, The Mission (1986) and Absolute Beginners
Absolute Beginners
Absolute Beginners is a novel by Colin MacInnes, written and set in 1958 London, England. It was published in 1959. The novel is the second of MacInnes' London Trilogy, coming after City Of Spades and before Mr. Love and Justice...
that all turned out to be box office flops.
In recent years, Goldcrest Films has relaunched.
Goldcrest Studio Facilities
Goldcrest Post was launched in 1992 - located across two key sites in the heart of Soho. One of the UK 's largest facilities, it meets the exacting standards of feature film, broadcast television and all multimedia applications. The London operation comprises five dubbing theatres and sound transfer suites, a specialist deliveries room, and a 60-seat presentation theatre. The luxury penthouse apartmentPenthouse apartment
A penthouse apartment or penthouse is an apartment that is on one of the highest floors of an apartment building. Penthouses are typically differentiated from other apartments by luxury features.-History:...
s, the production offices and the 60+ cutting rooms all have 200Mb/s access to SohoNet, and are serviced by certified Avid technicians and full-time IT experts. Goldcrest Post has a long and prestigious list of credits including The Last Emperor
The Last Emperor
The Last Emperor is a 1987 biopic about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China, whose autobiography was the basis for the screenplay written by Mark Peploe and Bernardo Bertolucci. Independently produced by Jeremy Thomas, it was directed by Bertolucci and released in 1987 by Columbia Pictures...
, Saving Private Ryan
Saving Private Ryan
Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 American war film set during the invasion of Normandy in World War II. It was directed by Steven Spielberg, with a screenplay by Robert Rodat. The film is notable for the intensity of its opening 27 minutes, which depicts the Omaha Beach assault of June 6, 1944....
, Bridget Jones' Diary and Gangs of New York
Gangs of New York
Gangs of New York is a 2002 historical film set in the mid-19th century in the Five Points district of New York City. It was directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Jay Cocks, Steven Zaillian, and Kenneth Lonergan. The film was inspired by Herbert Asbury's 1928 nonfiction book, The Gangs of New...
. Recently work has been completed on Stars Wars Episodes I, II & III, The Magic Roundabout
The Magic Roundabout
The Magic Roundabout was a children's television programme created in France in 1963 by Serge Danot...
, Hotel Rwanda
Hotel Rwanda
Hotel Rwanda is a 2004 American drama film directed by Terry George. It was adapted from a screenplay written by both George and Keir Pearson. Based on real life events which took place in Rwanda during the spring of 1994, the film stars Don Cheadle as hotelier Paul Rusesabagina, who attempts to...
, Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, Batman Begins
Batman Begins
Batman Begins is a 2005 American superhero action film based on the fictional DC Comics character Batman, directed by Christopher Nolan. It stars Christian Bale as Batman, along with Michael Caine, Gary Oldman, Liam Neeson, Katie Holmes, Cillian Murphy, Morgan Freeman, Ken Watanabe, Tom Wilkinson,...
, The Brothers Grimm, and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the fifth in the Harry Potter series written by J. K. Rowling, and was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada...
.
In 2000, a sister facility was launched in New York City's West Village. Goldcrest Post New York incorporates an excellent 50-seat screening room with 35mm and HD/SD Digital Projection and three fully equipped Dubbing Theatres with ADR and Foley. The entire third floor is dedicated to Sound Design with a proprietary all digital workflow. In addition, there are 23 online and offline picture editing suites, a gigabit network, picture and sound editing suites, production offices and a CGI department. In 2004, Goldcrest Post NY opened their brand-new HD/2K Digital Intermediate Theatre. This theatre provides clients with 2k Data or HD Online Editorial and Color Correction services to a large screen. The cinema environment, 16 ft by 9 ft screen and Dark Chip projector, provide filmmakers with accurate pre-visualization of their films in the Editorial, Visual Effects, and Color Correction stages. Goldcrest Post NY is designed to facilitate the post-production processes for the independent filmmaker.
Financing Arm
Goldcrest Films' financing arms, Goldcrest Pictures and Goldcrest Capital Partners, structure transactions in the media sector. From 2006 to 2008 — the first two years of operation — the companies provided services on 18 films, including TwilightTwilight (2008 film)
Twilight is a 2008 American romantic vampire film based on Stephenie Meyer's popular novel of the same name. Directed by Catherine Hardwicke, the film stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson. It is the first film in The Twilight Saga film series...
, Tropic Thunder
Tropic Thunder
Tropic Thunder is a 2008 American action satire comedy film written, produced, and directed by Ben Stiller, and starring Stiller, Robert Downey, Jr., and Jack Black. The main plot revolves around a group of prima donna actors who are making a Vietnam War film...
, Knowing
Knowing (film)
Knowing is a 2009 American-British science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas and starring Nicolas Cage. The project was originally attached to a number of directors under Columbia Pictures, but it was placed in turnaround and eventually picked up by Escape Artists. Production was financially...
, Eagle Eye
Eagle Eye
Eagle Eye is a 2008 thriller film directed by D. J. Caruso and starring Shia LaBeouf and Michelle Monaghan. The two portray a young man and a single mother who are brought together and coerced by an anonymous caller into carrying out a plan by a possible terrorist organization...
, Revolutionary Road
Revolutionary Road (film)
Revolutionary Road is a 2008 American drama film directed by Sam Mendes, from screenplay by Justin Haythe, starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet. It is based on the 1961 novel of the same name by Richard Yates....
and Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging
Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging
Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging is a 2008 British coming of age film film co-written and directed by Gurinder Chadha starring Georgia Groome. It is based on two teenage novels by Louise Rennison: Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging and It's OK, I'm Wearing Really Big Knickers...
. Goldcrest Capital also raises funds and provides services on UK independent feature films. The first two films of this new initiative are Andrea Arnold’s upcoming Wuthering Heights
Wuthering Heights (2011 film)
Wuthering Heights is a 2011 British romantic drama film directed by Andrea Arnold and starring Kaya Scodelario as Catherine and James Howson as Heathcliff. The screenplay, written by Andrea Arnold and Olivia Hetreed, is based on Emily Brontë's 1847 novel of the same name.- Cast :* Kaya Scodelario...
- produced by Douglas Rae and Robert Bernstein of Ecosse Films
Ecosse Films
Ecosse Films is a British film and television production company based in London. Ecosse Films is a multi award-winning company, specialising in high-quality drama for film and television, producing 11 films and over 300 hours of network television for BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Showtime, Starz Channel...
and Kevin Loader and co-financed with the UK Film Council
UK Film Council
The UK Film Council was set up in 2000 by the Labour Government as a non-departmental public body to develop and promote the film industry in the UK. It was constituted as a private company limited by guarantee governed by a board of 15 directors and was funded through sources including the...
, Film4
Film4
Film4 is a free digital television channel available in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, owned and operated by Channel 4, that screens films.-Programming:...
and Screen Yorkshire - and Phyllida Lloyd
Phyllida Lloyd
Phyllida Lloyd CBE is an English director, best known for her work in theatre and as the director of the most financially successful British film ever released, Mamma Mia!.-Career:...
’s biopic of Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990...
, The Iron Lady
The Iron Lady (film)
The Iron Lady is an upcoming biographical film about former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, portrayed by Meryl Streep. Thatcher's husband, Denis Thatcher, will be portrayed by Jim Broadbent, and Thatcher's longest-serving cabinet member and eventual deputy, Geoffrey Howe, will be...
, starring 16-time Oscar nominee Meryl Streep
Meryl Streep
Mary Louise "Meryl" Streep is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film.Streep made her professional stage debut in 1971's The Playboy of Seville, before her screen debut in the television movie The Deadliest Season in 1977. In that same year, she made her film debut with...
and produced by Damian Jones
Damian Jones
Damian Jones is a BAFTA-winning English producer. Damian Jones has produced over twenty feature films including Adulthood, The History Boys, Welcome to Sarajevo, Gridlock'd, Millions, Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll , and the forthcoming The Iron Lady ...
for Pathé
Pathet
The pathet is an organizing concept in gamelan music. It is difficult to explain, but is similar to the melody types, that is, for example, modes, ragas, or maqamat, of other musics....
, Film4
Film4
Film4 is a free digital television channel available in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, owned and operated by Channel 4, that screens films.-Programming:...
and the UK Film Council
UK Film Council
The UK Film Council was set up in 2000 by the Labour Government as a non-departmental public body to develop and promote the film industry in the UK. It was constituted as a private company limited by guarantee governed by a board of 15 directors and was funded through sources including the...
with the participation of Canal+
Canal+
Canal+ is a French premium pay television channel launched in 1984. It is 80% owned by the Canal+ Group, which in turn is owned by Vivendi SA. The channel broadcasts several kinds of programming, mostly encrypted...
and Cine Cinema.
Filmography
Film Title and Year | US Release Date | Budget | Gross (worldwide) |
---|---|---|---|
Chariots of Fire Chariots of Fire Chariots of Fire is a 1981 British film. It tells the fact-based story of two athletes in the 1924 Olympics: Eric Liddell, a devout Scottish Christian who runs for the glory of God, and Harold Abrahams, an English Jew who runs to overcome prejudice.... (1981) |
March 1981 | $5.5 million | $58,972,904 |
Escape from New York Escape from New York Escape from New York is a 1981 American science fiction action film directed and scored by John Carpenter. He co-wrote the screenplay with Nick Castle. The film is set in the near future in a crime-ridden United States that has converted Manhattan Island in New York City into a maximum security... (1981) |
July 10, 1981 | $6 million | $50,000,000 |
Gandhi Gandhi (film) Gandhi is a 1982 biographical film based on the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who led the nonviolent resistance movement against British colonial rule in India during the first half of the 20th century. The film was directed by Richard Attenborough and stars Ben Kingsley as Gandhi. They both... (1982) |
December 3, 1982 | $22 million | $52,767,889 |
An Unsuitable Job for a Woman An Unsuitable Job for a Woman (film) An Unsuitable Job for a Woman is a 1982 British crime film directed by Chris Petit. It was entered into the 32nd Berlin International Film Festival. It is based on the novel of the same name by P. D... (1982) |
April 26, 1985 | N/A | N/A |
Pink Floyd The Wall Pink Floyd The Wall (film) Pink Floyd—The Wall is a 1982 British live-action/animated musical film directed by Alan Parker based on the 1979 Pink Floyd album The Wall. The screenplay was written by Pink Floyd vocalist and bassist Roger Waters. The film is highly metaphorical and is rich in symbolic imagery and sound... (1982) |
August 6, 1982 | $12 million | $22,244,207 |
Secrets (1983) | August 17, 1984 | N/A | N/A |
Local Hero Local Hero Local Hero is a 1983 Scottish comedy-drama film starring Peter Riegert and Burt Lancaster. It was directed by Bill Forsyth and produced by David Puttnam.... (1983) |
February 17, 1983 | N/A | $5,895,761 |
The Ploughman's Lunch The Ploughman's Lunch The Ploughman's Lunch is a 1983 film written by Ian McEwan and directed by Richard Eyre which featuring Jonathan Pryce, Tim Curry and Rosemary Harris.The film looks at the media world in Margaret Thatcher's Britain during the time of the Falklands War... (1983) |
October 19, 1984 | N/A | N/A |
Runners Runners (film) Runners is a 1983 film directed by Charles Sturridge. It stars Kate Hardie and James Fox.-Cast:*Kate Hardie as Rachel Lindsay*James Fox as Tom Lindsay*Jane Asher as Helen*Eileen O'Brien as Gillian Lindsay*Ruti Simon as Lucy Lindsay... (1983) |
August 1983 | N/A | N/A |
The Dresser The Dresser The Dresser is a 1983 film which tells the story of an aging actor's personal assistant, who struggles to keep his charge's life together. It is based on a screenplay by Ronald Harwood, in turn based on his successful 1980 West End and Broadway play of the same name.The film was directed by Peter... (1983) |
December 9, 1983 | N/A | $5,310,748 |
Another Country (1984) | June 29, 1984 | N/A | N/A |
Cal (1984) | August 24, 1984 | N/A | N/A |
The Killing Fields The Killing Fields (film) The Killing Fields is a 1984 British drama film about the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, which is based on the experiences of two journalists: Cambodian Dith Pran and American Sydney Schanberg. The film, which won three Academy Awards, was directed by Roland Joffé and stars Sam Waterston as... (1984) |
November 2, 1984 | $14.4 million | $34,700,291 |
Nemo (1984) | December 12, 1984 | N/A | N/A |
Mr. Love Mr. Love Mr. Love is a 1985 British comedy film directed by Roy Battersby and starring Barry Jackson, Maurice Denham and Margaret Tyzack. It was made by Goldcrest Films.-Partial cast:* Barry Jackson - Donald Lovelace* Maurice Denham - Theo... (1985) |
April 25, 1986 | N/A | $4,264 |
Dance with a Stranger Dance with a Stranger Dance with a Stranger is a 1985 British drama film, directed by Mike Newell. Telling the story of Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be hanged in Britain in the fifties, this moving biographical British film won critical acclaim, and brought particular notice to the careers of both Miranda Richardson... (1985) |
August 9, 1985 | N/A | $2,260,519 |
Smooth Talk Smooth Talk Smooth Talk is a 1985 drama film, loosely based on Joyce Carol Oates' 1966 short story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?, which was in turn inspired by the Tucson murders committed by Charles Schmid. The protagonist and main character, Connie Wyatt, is played by Laura Dern... (1985) |
November 17, 1985 | N/A | $16,785 |
Revolution Revolution (1985 film) Revolution is a 1985 film directed by Hugh Hudson, written by Robert Dillon and starring Al Pacino, Helen Porter, Donald Sutherland, Nastassja Kinski, Joan Plowright, Dave King, Annie Lennox, Danny Turner, Steven Berkoff, Graham Greene, and Robbie Coltrane.... (1985) |
December 25, 1985 | $28 million | $346,761 |
The Frog Prince (1986) | October 5, 1986 | N/A | N/A |
Winter Flight (1986) | February 14, 1986 | N/A | $2,729 |
Absolute Beginners Absolute Beginners (film) Absolute Beginners is a 1986 British rock musical film adapted from the Colin MacInnes book of the same name about life in late 1950s London. The film was directed by Julien Temple, featured David Bowie and Sade, and a breakout role by Patsy Kensit... (1986) |
April 18, 1986 | N/A | $1,010,313 |
The Mission (1986) | May 24, 1986 | $24.5 million | $17,218,023 |
Knights & Emeralds (1986) | October 1986 | N/A | N/A |
White Mischief White Mischief White Mischief is a 1987 film dramatising the events of the Happy Valley murder case in Kenya in 1941, when Sir Henry "Jock" Delves Broughton was tried for the murder of Josslyn Hay, Earl of Erroll.... (1987) |
May 1988 | $5.3 million | $3,107,551 |
Matewan Matewan Matewan is an American drama film written and directed by John Sayles, illustrating the events of a coal mine-workers' strike and attempt to unionize in 1920 in Matewan, a small town in the hills of West Virginia.... (1987) |
August 28, 1987 | $4 million | $1,680,358 |
Hope and Glory (1987) | November 13, 1987 | $3 million | $10,021,120 |
Black Rainbow Black Rainbow Black Rainbow is a 1989 supernatural thriller film directed by Mike Hodges and filmed in Rock Hill, South Carolina. -Plot:... (1989) |
December 5, 1991 | $7 million | N/A |
All Dogs Go to Heaven All Dogs Go to Heaven All Dogs Go to Heaven is a 1989 Irish-English animated film directed and produced by Don Bluth and released by United Artists. The film tells the story of two dogs, Charlie B. Barkin and his loyal best friend Itchy Itchiford... (1989) |
November 17, 1989 | $13.8 million | $27,100,027 |
Rock-a-Doodle Rock-A-Doodle Rock-a-Doodle is a 1992 American animated re-telling of Edmond Rostand's comedy, Chantecler. This film was directed by Don Bluth, produced by Goldcrest Films for The Samuel Goldwyn Company, and originally released in the United States on April 3, 1992.-Plot:Chanticleer is a proud rooster whose... (1991) |
April 3, 1992 | $18 million | $11,657,385 |
Driftwood (1997) | March 28, 1997 | N/A | N/A |
Clockwatchers Clockwatchers Clockwatchers is an American comedy-drama film released in 1997. Directed by Jill Sprecher, it stars Parker Posey, Lisa Kudrow, Toni Collette and Alanna Ubach as temporary office staffers in an office complex.... (1997) |
May 15, 1998 | N/A | $537,948 |
Bring Me the Head of Mavis Davis Bring Me the Head of Mavis Davis Bring Me the Head of Mavis Davis is a British comedy film directed by John Henderson, originally released in 1997.-Plot:The film stars Rik Mayall as a rock manager who recruits Jane Horrocks... (1997) |
January 16, 1998 | N/A | £46,244 |
Elvis and Anabelle Elvis and Anabelle Elvis and Anabelle is an independent film directed by Will Geiger. It premiered on March 10, 2007 at the South by Southwest film and music festival in Austin, Texas... (2007) |
March 10, 2007 | N/A | N/A |
TV films and series
- Forever YoungForever Young (1983 film)Forever Young is a 1983 film written by Ray Connolly and directed by David Drury for Channel 4 as part of their First Love series.-Plot:Jimmy and Michael were best friends at school in the 1960s. They played guitar and sang together and dreamed of becoming the next Lennon and McCartney or Simon...
(1983) - P'tang, Yang, KipperbangP'tang, Yang, KipperbangP'tang, Yang, Kipperbang is a television film first shown on Channel 4 on its second night, 3 November, 1982.Written by Jack Rosenthal as part of his First Love series, it is a simple coming-of-age film set in a grammar school in the outer London suburbs of the early 1950s...
(1984) - These Glory Glory Days (1984)
- Tottie: The Story of a Doll's House (1984)
- Concealed EnemiesConcealed EnemiesConcealed Enemies is an American television docudrama of the events leading to the arrest, conviction, and imprisonment of former U.S. State Department official Alger Hiss....
(1984) - Robin of SherwoodRobin of SherwoodRobin of Sherwood , was a British television series, based on the legend of Robin Hood. Created by Richard Carpenter, it was produced by HTV in association with Goldcrest, and ran from 1984 to 1986 on the ITV network. In America it was retitled Robin Hood and shown on the premium cable TV channel...
(1984–1986) (TV series) - Sharma and Beyond (1986)
- Arthur's Hallowed Ground (1986)