Gorki Leninskiye
Encyclopedia
Gorki Leninskiye is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement
) in Leninsky District
of Moscow Oblast
, Russia
, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Moscow
city limits and the MKAD
. Population:
The estate of Gorki belonged to various Muscovite noblemen from the 18th century, ending up in the possession of General Anatoly Reinbot, who was Governor General of Moscow in 1905 during the First Russian Revolution. After his death the estate passed to his widow, Zinaida Morozova. She engaged the most fashionable Russian architect, Fyodor Schechtel
, to remodel the mansion in the then current Neoclassical
style, complete with a six-column Ionic portico.
After the Soviet government moved to Moscow in 1918, the luxurious estate was nationalized and converted into Lenin's dacha
. In September 1918, the Soviet leader recuperated there from an assassination attempt. He spent an increasing amount of time there as his health declined over the following years. On 15 May 1923 Lenin followed the doctor's advice and left the Moscow Kremlin
for Gorki. He lived there in semi-retirement until his death on 21 January 1924.
After Lenin's death at the estate in 1924, Gorki was renamed Gorki Leninskiye. The house has been preserved as a museum, along with many of Lenin's possessions. Also located on the estate are a large museum built in 1987 concerning Lenin's life there, containing such artifacts as his Last Testament
as transcribed by Krupskaya, and his apartment and office from the Kremlin
, reconstructed in a separate building. A monument representing "The Death of the Leader" was unveiled in the 18th-century park in 1958.
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...
) in Leninsky District
Leninsky District, Moscow Oblast
Leninsky District, Moscow Oblast is an administrative and municipal district , one of the 38 in Moscow Oblast, Russia....
of Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast , or Podmoskovye , is a federal subject of Russia . Its area, at , is relatively small compared to other federal subjects, but it is one of the most densely populated regions in the country and, with the 2010 population of 7,092,941, is the second most populous federal subject...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
city limits and the MKAD
MKAD
MKAD is a ring road encircling the City of Moscow.The acronym is a transliteration of the Russian МКАД, for Московская Кольцевая Автомобильная Дорога .The growth of traffic in and around Moscow in the 1950s made the city planners realise Russia's largest metropolis...
. Population:
The estate of Gorki belonged to various Muscovite noblemen from the 18th century, ending up in the possession of General Anatoly Reinbot, who was Governor General of Moscow in 1905 during the First Russian Revolution. After his death the estate passed to his widow, Zinaida Morozova. She engaged the most fashionable Russian architect, Fyodor Schechtel
Fyodor Schechtel
Fyodor Osipovich Schechtel was a Russian architect, graphic artist and stage designer, the most influential and prolific master of Russian Art Nouveau and late Russian Revival....
, to remodel the mansion in the then current Neoclassical
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...
style, complete with a six-column Ionic portico.
After the Soviet government moved to Moscow in 1918, the luxurious estate was nationalized and converted into Lenin's dacha
Dacha
Dacha is a Russian word for seasonal or year-round second homes often located in the exurbs of Soviet and post-Soviet cities. Cottages or shacks serving as family's main or only home are not considered dachas, although many purpose-built dachas are recently being converted for year-round residence...
. In September 1918, the Soviet leader recuperated there from an assassination attempt. He spent an increasing amount of time there as his health declined over the following years. On 15 May 1923 Lenin followed the doctor's advice and left the Moscow Kremlin
Moscow Kremlin
The Moscow Kremlin , sometimes referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River , Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square and the Alexander Garden...
for Gorki. He lived there in semi-retirement until his death on 21 January 1924.
After Lenin's death at the estate in 1924, Gorki was renamed Gorki Leninskiye. The house has been preserved as a museum, along with many of Lenin's possessions. Also located on the estate are a large museum built in 1987 concerning Lenin's life there, containing such artifacts as his Last Testament
Lenin's Testament
Lenin's Testament is the name given to a document written by Vladimir Lenin in the last weeks of 1922 and the first week of 1923. In the testament, Lenin proposed changes to the structure of the Soviet governing bodies...
as transcribed by Krupskaya, and his apartment and office from the Kremlin
Kremlin
A kremlin , same root as in kremen is a major fortified central complex found in historic Russian cities. This word is often used to refer to the best-known one, the Moscow Kremlin, or metonymically to the government that is based there...
, reconstructed in a separate building. A monument representing "The Death of the Leader" was unveiled in the 18th-century park in 1958.