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Grade Two English Braille (America Edition) is an extension of the basic Latin alphabet Braille
Braille
The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write, and was the first digital form of writing.Braille was devised in 1825 by Louis Braille, a blind Frenchman. Each Braille character, or cell, is made up of six dot positions, arranged in a rectangle containing two...

. It has 250 symbols for letters, punctuation marks, composition signs, numerals, contractions, single-cell words, and short-form words/abbreviations.

Contractions

The information in the parentheses indicates the dots that are filled in within the braille cell. For further information see the main article on Braille
Braille
The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write, and was the first digital form of writing.Braille was devised in 1825 by Louis Braille, a blind Frenchman. Each Braille character, or cell, is made up of six dot positions, arranged in a rectangle containing two...

.

a - (dot 1)

about - ab

above - abv

according - ac

across - acr

afternoon - afn

after - af

afterward - afw

again - ag

against - ag(st)

ally - (dot 6)y

almost - alm

already - alr

also - al

although - al(th)

altogether - alt

always - alw

ance - (dot 4 6) e

and - (dot 1 2 3 4 6)

ar - (dot 3 4 5)

as - z

ation - (dot 6) n

b - (dot 1 2)

but - b

bb - (dot 2 3)

be - (dot 2 3)

because - (be)c

before - (be)f

behind - (be)h

below - (be)l

beneath - (be)n

beside (be)s

between - (be)t

beyond - (be)y

ble - (dot 3 4 5 6)

blind - bl

braille - brl

by - (dot 3 5 6)

c - (dot 1 4)

can - c

cannot - (dot 4 5 6)c

cc - (dot 2 5)

con - (dot 2 5)

ch - (dot 1 6)

child - (dot 1 6)

character - (dot 5)(ch)

children - (ch)n

com - (dot 3 6)

conceive - (con)cv

conceiving - (con)cvg

could - cd

d - (dot 1 4 5)

do - d

day - (dot 5) d

dd - (dot 2 5 6)

dis - (dot 2 5 6)

deceive - dcv

declare - dcl

declaring - dclg

e - (dot 1 5)

every - e

ea - (dot 2)

ed - (dot 1 2 4 6)

either - ei

en - (dot 2 6)

enough - (dot 2 6)

ence - (dot 5 6) e

er (dot 1 2 4 5 6)

ever - (dot 5) e

f - (dot 1 2 4)

from - f

father - (dot 5) f

ff - (dot 2 3 5)

first - f(st)

for - (dot 1 2 3 4 5 6)

friend - fr

ful - (dot 5 6) L

g - (dot 1 2 4 5

go - g

gg - (dot 2 3 5 6)

gh - (dot 1 2 6)

good - gd

great - grt

h - (dot 1 2 5)

have - h

had - (dot 4 5 6) h

here - (dot 5) h

herself - h(er)f

him - hm

himself - hmf

his - (dot 2 3 6)

i - (dot 2 4)

immediate - imm

in - (dot 3 5)

ing - (dot 3 4 6)

into - (in)(to)

it - x

its - xs

itself - xf

ity - (dot 5 6) y

j - (dot 2 4 5)

just - j
K - (dot 1 3)

knowledge - k

know - (dot 5) k

L - (dot 1 2 3)

like - l

less - (dot 4 6) s

letter - Lr

little - LL

lord - (dot 5) L

m - (1 3 4)

more - m

many - (dot 4 5 6) m

ment - (dot 5 6) t

mother - (dot 5) m

much - m(ch)

must - m(st)

myself - myf

n - (dot 1 3 4 5)

not - n

name - (dot 5) n

necessary - nec

neither - nei

ness - (dot 5 6) s

o - (dot 1 3 5)

o'clock - o'c

of - (dot 1 2 3 5 6)

one - (dot 5) o

oneself - (one)f

ong - (dot 5 6) g

ou - (dot 1 2 5 6)

out - (dot 1 2 5 6)

ought - (dot 5)(ou)

ound - (dot 4 6) d

ourselves - (ou)rvs

ount - (dot 4 6) t

ow - (dot 2 4 6)

p - (dot 1 2 3 4)

people - p

paid - pd

part - (dot 5) p

perceive - p(er)cv

perceiving - p(er)cvg

perhaps - p(er)h

q - (dot 1 2 3 4 5)

quiet - q

question - (dot 5) q

quick - qk

r - (dot 1 2 3 5)

rather - r

receive - rcv

receiving - rcvg

rejoice - rjc

rejoicing - rjcg

right - (dot 5) r

s - (dot 2 3 4)

so - s

said - sd

sh - (dot 1 4 6)

shall - (dot 1 4 6)

should - (sh)d

sion - (dot 4 6, n

some - (dot 5) s

spirit - (dot 4 5 6) s

st - (dot 3 4)

still - (dot 3 4)

such - s(ch)

t - (dot 2 3 4 5)

that - t

th - (dot 1 4 5 6)

this - (dot 1 4 5 6)

the - (dot 2 3 4 6)

their - (dot 4 5 6)(the)

themselves - (the)mvs

there - (dot 5)(the)

these - (dot 4 5)(the)

those - (dot 4 5)(th)

through - (dot 5)(th)

thyself - thyf

time - (dot 5) t

tion - (dot 5 6) n

to - (dot 2 3 5)

today - td

together - tgr

tomorrow - tm

tonight - tn

u - (dot 1 3 6)

us - u

under - (dot 5) u

upon - (dot 4 5) u

v - (dot 1 2 3 6)

very - v

w - (dot 2 4 5 6)

will - w

was - (dot 3 5 6)

were - (dot 2 3 5 6)

wh - (dot 1 5 6)

which - (dot 1 5 6)

where - (dot 5)(wh)

whose - (dot 4 5)(wh)

with - (dot 2 3 4 5 6)

word - (dot 4 5) w

work - (dot 5) w

world - (dot 4 5 6) w

would - wd

x - (dot 1 3 4 6)

it - x

y - (dot 1 3 4 5 6)

you - y

young - (dot 5) y

your - yr

yourself - yrf

yourselves - yrvs

z - (dot 1 3 5 6)

as - z

See also

  • Braille
    Braille
    The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write, and was the first digital form of writing.Braille was devised in 1825 by Louis Braille, a blind Frenchman. Each Braille character, or cell, is made up of six dot positions, arranged in a rectangle containing two...

  • Accessible publishing
    Accessible publishing
    Accessible publishing is an approach to publishing and reading whereby books and other texts aren't only available in one standard format. Other formats that have been developed to aid different people to read include varieties of larger fonts, specialised fonts for certain kinds of reading...

  • Braille ASCII
    Braille ASCII
    Braille ASCII is a subset of the ASCII character set which uses 64 of the printable ASCII characters to represent all possible dot combinations in six-dot Braille...

  • Braille Challenge
    Braille Challenge
    The Braille Challenge is an annual two-stage Braille literacy competition designed to motivate blind students to emphasize their study of Braille. The program parallels with the importance and educational purpose of a spelling bee for sighted children. Braille is a reading and writing method that...

  • Braille Institute of America
    Braille Institute of America
    The Braille Institute of America is a non-profit organization based in Los Angeles providing services and coordinating events for the visually impaired. The organization produces over 5 million pages of Braille texts per year...

  • Braille literacy
    Braille literacy
    A sighted child who is reading at a basic level should be able to understand common words and answer simple questions about the information presented. They should also have enough fluency to get through the material in a timely manner. Over the course of a child's education, these foundations are...

  • Braille music
    Braille music
    Braille music is a Braille code that allows music to be notated using Braille cells so that music can be read by visually impaired musicians. The Braille music system was originally developed by Louis Braille....

  • Braille Watch
    Braille Watch
    A braille watch is a portable timepiece used by the visually impaired to tell time. It is used by touching the dial and noticing the embossments. Both analog and digital versions are available...

  • List of binary codes
  • List of international common standards
  • Moon type
    Moon type
    The Moon System of Embossed Reading is a writing system for the blind, using embossed symbols mostly derived from the Roman alphabet...

  • National Braille Association
    National Braille Association
    The National Braille Association, Inc. is a US organization aiming to provide continuing education to those who prepare braille, and to provide braille materials to persons who are visually impaired...

  • Needle punch
  • Nemeth Braille
    Nemeth Braille
    The Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics is a Braille code for encoding mathematical and scientific notation linearly using standard six-dot Braille cells for tactile reading by the visually impaired. The code was developed by Abraham Nemeth....

  • Refreshable Braille display
    Refreshable Braille display
    A refreshable Braille display or Braille terminal is an electro-mechanical device for displaying Braille characters, usually by means of raising dots through holes in a flat surface. Blind computer users, who cannot use a normal computer monitor, use it to read text output...

  • Tactile alphabets for the blind
    Tactile alphabets for the blind
    A tactile alphabet is a system for writing material that the blind can read by touch. While currently the Braille system is the most popular and some materials have been prepared in Moon type, historically there have been a large number of other tactile alphabets:*Systems based on embossed Roman...

  • Tactile graphic
    Tactile graphic
    Tactile graphics are images that use raised surfaces so that a visually impaired person can feel them. They are used to convey non-textual information such as maps, paintings, graphs and diagrams.Tactile graphics can be seen as a subset of accessible images...

  • Tangible symbol systems
    Tangible symbol systems
    Tangible symbols are objects or pictures that are used as symbols by individuals who are not able to communicate using more conventional symbol systems. Tangible symbols bear an obvious and concrete relationship to the visual or tactile properties of the entities that they represent...

  • Unified English Braille Code
    Unified English Braille Code
    Unified English Braille Code is an English language Braille code developed to permit representing the wide variety of literary and technical material in use in the English-speaking world today...

  • Braille technology
    Braille technology
    Braille Technology is capable of revolutionizing the lives of thousands of people because it allows them to engage in the virtual world that can not be perceived through their eyes...


Braille for other languages

  • Cantonese Braille
    Cantonese Braille
    Cantonese Braille is a Cantonese language version of Braille in Hong Kong. It is locally referred as tim chi , dot character, or more commonly, tuk chi , raised character...

  • Chinese braille
    Chinese braille
    Chinese braille is a braille system for the Chinese language, especially in People's Republic of China. It is different from other braille systems, although a few of the patterns have been borrowed from alphabetical Braille as can be seen in the tables below....

  • Hebrew braille
    Hebrew braille
    Hebrew Braille is the system of Braille used by Hebrew readers and speakers. The International Hebrew Braille Code in wide usage throughout the world was devised in the 1930s and completed in 1944. It is based on the standard Braille system, with additional letters devised to accommodate...

  • Japanese Braille
    Japanese Braille
    Japanese braille is a braille code for writing the Japanese language. It is based on the original braille system. In Japanese it is known as , literally "dot characters". Below is a basic chart of Japanese braille with the Japanese hiragana character followed by the standard roman character reading...

  • Korean braille
    Korean Braille
    Korean braille is a braille code used for writing the Korean language. It is not graphically related to other braille systems found around the world. Instead, it reflects the patterns found in hangul. It is a combination of initial consonants, vowels, and final consonants...

  • Thai Braille
    Thai Braille
    Thai Braille is a Braille system for the Thai language. It consists of Braille for the Thai consonants and vowels. Unlike Thai itself, Thai Braille is a full alphabet rather than an abugida.- Consonants :-Vowels:-How to write:...

  • Vietnamese braille
    Vietnamese braille
    Vietnamese Braille is a Braille system adapted to the Vietnamese alphabet. Basic Latin letters use the same Braille cells as English; however, the system includes additional characters for special letters and tones...


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The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
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