Grapholita
Encyclopedia
Grapholita is a large genus
of tortrix moths (family
Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae
, and therein to the tribe
Grapholitini
, of which it is the type genus
.
established Grapholita in 1829 – in the 7th volume of Schmetterlinge von Europa, with a type species
he claimed to be "Pyralis dorsana", a taxon
established by J.C. Fabricius
in his 1775 Systema Entomologiae. But Treitschke was misled by J. Hübner
's misidentification of Fabricius' moth.
The actual P. dorsana is today known as Dichrorampha petiverella
, as it had already been described by Linnaeus in his 1758 edition of Systema naturae
as Phalaena (Tinea) petiverella. The "Pyralis dorsana" of Hübner and Treitschke was subsequently identified as the species described as Tortrix lunulana by J.N.C.M. Denis
& I. Schiffermüller
in 1775, which thus is today Grapholita lunulana.
are currently recognized in Grapholita, though the genus' distinctness from and delimitation against Cydia is in need of further study:
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of tortrix moths (family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae
Olethreutinae
Olethreutinae is a subfamily of moth in the family Tortricidae.-Genera incertae sedis:This tortricine genus has not been assigned to a tribe yet:...
, and therein to the tribe
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...
Grapholitini
Grapholitini
The Grapholitini are a tribe of tortrix moths.-Genera:The Grapholitini are a tribe of tortrix moths.-Genera:The Grapholitini are a tribe of tortrix...
, of which it is the type genus
Type genus
In biological classification, a type genus is a representative genus, as with regard to a biological family. The term and concept is used much more often and much more formally in zoology than it is in botany, and the definition is dependent on the nomenclatural Code that applies:* In zoological...
.
Taxonomy and systematics
G.F. TreitschkeGeorg Friedrich Treitschke
Georg Friedrich Treitschke was a German librettist, translator and lepidopterist....
established Grapholita in 1829 – in the 7th volume of Schmetterlinge von Europa, with a type species
Type species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...
he claimed to be "Pyralis dorsana", a taxon
Taxon
|thumb|270px|[[African elephants]] form a widely-accepted taxon, the [[genus]] LoxodontaA taxon is a group of organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement...
established by J.C. Fabricius
Johan Christian Fabricius
Johan Christian Fabricius was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others...
in his 1775 Systema Entomologiae. But Treitschke was misled by J. Hübner
Jacob Hübner
Jacob Hübner was a German entomologist. He was the author of Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge , a founding work of entomology.-Scientific career:...
's misidentification of Fabricius' moth.
The actual P. dorsana is today known as Dichrorampha petiverella
Dichrorampha petiverella
Dichrorampha petiverella is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Palearctic ecozone.The wingspan is 10–13 mm. The moth flies from April to August. .The larvae feed on Achillea millefolium and Tansy.-Notes:...
, as it had already been described by Linnaeus in his 1758 edition of Systema naturae
Systema Naturae
The book was one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carolus Linnaeus. The first edition was published in 1735...
as Phalaena (Tinea) petiverella. The "Pyralis dorsana" of Hübner and Treitschke was subsequently identified as the species described as Tortrix lunulana by J.N.C.M. Denis
Michael Denis
Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis, also: SinedSined is an anagram of Denis. the Bard, was an Austrian poet, bibliographer, and lepidopterist....
& I. Schiffermüller
Ignaz Schiffermüller
Ignaz Schiffermüller was an Austrian naturalist mainly interested in Lepidoptera....
in 1775, which thus is today Grapholita lunulana.
Species
126 speciesSpecies
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
are currently recognized in Grapholita, though the genus' distinctness from and delimitation against Cydia is in need of further study: