Great Bend Municipal Airport
Encyclopedia
Great Bend Municipal Airport is a city-owned public-use airport
located four nautical miles (7 km) west of the central business district
of Great Bend
, a city in Barton County
, Kansas
, United States
. It is mostly used for general aviation
, but is also served by one commercial airline. Service is subsidized by the Essential Air Service
program.
, the facility was known as Great Bend Army Airfield and was used as a United States Army Air Forces
Second Air Force
training field.
The first public announcement of intentions to build an airfield at Great Bend, on the Arkansas river in Barton county, came in the form of a telegram from Sen. Arthur Capper of Kansas to the secretary of the Great Bend Chamber of Commerce on September 30, 1942. But, of course, by then all the preliminary work had been done. In July of that year the site at Great Bend had been chosen. Nor was all the initiative left to the Army. A committee of leading citizens from Great Bend and Hoisington had made the original proposal. Originally, plans called for the Civil Aeronautics Administration to supply the funds, and, with war's end, Barton county and Great Bend would acquire ownership. However, this tentative arrangement was subsequently changed so that the field was built under the auspices of the Air Force.
Originally intended to serve merely as a satellite base of Smoky Hill Army Air Field at Salina
, the physical plant at Great Bend was initially decidedly limited in its functional utility and in size. Most of the construction work was done by Patti-McDonald Construction Company of Kansas City
, but the concrete work on runways and taxiways was undertaken by the W.L. Johnson Construction company. Essentials were completed first. These were followed in time by facilities for recreation and services. During the summer and fall of 1943 a service club, theater, and bowling alley were completed.
Capt. Theodore C. Reid, post engineer, was the first officer to report for duty on the base. He arrived on January 18, 1943. The first enlisted men to arrive, detachments of the 501st Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron, the 1159th Guard Squadron, and the 902d Quartermaster Company, were necessarily housed in Great Bend for a time, there being no facilities on the base. On February 13, 1943 the 501st was transferred to Great Bend to become the headquarters squadron on the new field. Capping the inchoate organizational structure, Lt. Col. Glenn M. Pike assumed command of the field on February 26. The first recorded Morning Report, dated March 5, 1943, lists 13 officers and 182 enlisted men. From these modest beginnings, which was, of course a skeleton force even for the limited role the field was originally designed to play, Great Bend was to grow impressively, both as a mission and physical plant. By January 31, 1945 a total of 6,409 personnel would be stationed there.
In keeping with its scheduled function of processing heavy bombardment groups, Great Bend Army AirField was assigned to the 21st Bombardment Wing on January 16, 1943. It was the function of the 21st to operate processing bases, but, besides processing it did some training also. For instance, it provided certain types of navigational flights in those instances in which these had not been accomplished in the third-phase training of the group. In addition, the wing provided training in "Prisoner of War Behavior and Escape."As early as March 1943 it was known that the Second Air Force was to be charged with the responsibility of training personnel for the new B-29 very heavy bomber.
And the first tangible step toward executing this mission was the activation of the 58th Bombardment Operational Training Wing at Smoky Hill Army AirField at Salina, on May 1, 1943. But before much in the way of implementation could be done, the 58th was withdrawn from Second Air Force jurisdiction on June 8, 1943.
Knowing this delay to be purely a temporary one, on July 1, 1943 Second Air Force chose as the instrument to achieve this objective the 5th Heavy Bombardment Processing Unit, Stationed at Salina. Since Great Bend Army AirField had been designated as one of the bases to participate in the B-29 program, it was transferred to the 5th Heavy Bombardment Processing Unit on the same day.
If Great Bend was to assume a different and greatly enlarged mission, physical expansion of necessity became the order of the day. Original plans were altered, providing for considerable additions to the runway and taxiway systems. Additional troop housing was built, and new hangars we constructed especially designed to accommodate the B-29.
To bring its nomenclature more into harmony with its function, the 5th Heavy Bombardment Processing Unit was redesignated the 73d Bombardment Operational Training Wing on August 17, 1943. But the new organization endured for scarcely four months before it was disbanded on October 22, 1943, subsequent to the reassignment of the 58th Bombardment Operational Training Wing to the Second Air Force on October 15. Both the personnel and the several bases of the 73d, among which figured Great Bend Army Air Field, were relinquished to the 58th.
Fortunately, despite the somewhat impermanent organizational picture at higher levels, the B-29 training program did get under way at the bases which were assigned the task. Great Bend received the 444th Bombardment Group (VH) and by April 1944, its training completed, the 444th departed for overseas service. During the remainder of its career, Great Bend was destined to train three more very heavy bombardment groups, the 498th, the 19th, and 333d, and in addition, it retrained the ground echelon of the 489th back from Europe for redeployment to the Pacific. The extreme dearth of B-29 aircraft, however, hampered the training efforts for some time. Consequently, for several months the group in training at Great Bend perforce used B-17's and B-26's for the most part, with a sprinkling of B-29's to leaven the loaf.
Great Bend Army AirField was fortunate in the caliber of cooperation received from surrounding communities. The neighboring municipalities, such as Great Bend and Hoisington, were particularly active in promoting recreational opportunities for the troops.
On March 25, 1944 the units permanently assigned to Great Bend Army Airfield were reorganized in the 243d AAF Base Unit (OTU) (VH). Thereafter, Great Bend was organized under the standard plan for OTU (Operational Training Unit) bases. This plan consisted of three major sections: administrative and services section, supply and maintenance section, and the training section. In addition, the air inspector and the hospital were referred to as sections. The office of the director of training was set up in April 1944, with the responsibility of providing flying and ground school training to all flying personnel of the very heavy bombardment groups successively stationed at Great Bend. In addition, the directorate was charged with the training of ground crew personnel. However, since the new directorate was not prepared immediately to take up its burden, the group in training at that time, the 498th, continued to train itself as the 444th had done before it. Consequently, it was only with the 19th Bombardment Group (VH), which began training in September 1944, that the training directorate took over the training responsibilities. Thereafter, the tactical units stationed at Great Bend were trained by the base directorate of training, although they maintained their individual organizations and operated independently of the base unit insofar as administration was concerned.
It came to be common procedure for the maintenance echelon of a group to move to Great Bend while another group was being trained there. This was done in order that these men could receive "on-the-job" training which would enable them to maintain the aircraft of their own group when it arrived. For instance, an advanced detachment of the 19th Bombardment Group (VH) were given jobs alongside the men of the 498th.
Beginning with the winter of 1945, part of the flying training was conducted at Borinquen Army AirField, Puerto Rico. The primary purpose of this program, termed the "Gypsy Task Force," was to take advantage of the good flying weather in Puerto Rico during the winter months, enabling the crews to complete their training much quicker than would otherwise have been the case. With this phase of training over, the crews would return to Great Bend to prepare for departure to a staging area. The program was discontinued in April 1945, after only one season.
If the operations of the base were not crippled, they were certainly impeded by the critical manpower shortage resulting primarily from heavy transfers to the Army Ground Forces during the autumn and winter of 1944–1945.1 By January 31, 1945, Great Bend had furnished the Army Ground Forces with 244 enlisted men. The reciprocal arrangement with the Ground Forces did not solve the problem, since by January 31, 1945, the field had received only 90 enlisted men replacements from the Ground Forces.
With the arrival of the ground echelon of the 489th Bombardment Group in February 1945 from the European theater, Great Bend became one of the first redeployment installations in the country. At that time the 333d Bombardment Group (VH) was receiving its regular training, but the ground echelon of the 489th was trained on B-29 maintenance alongside the men of the 333d. After a relatively short transition course in the B-29 (they were already experienced maintenance men) the 489th left in March to join the air echelon of the group, which had received transition training at several different bases.
Victory over Japan had a direct effect on the mission and activity of the base. The 333d Bombardment Group (VH), having completed its training, left Great Bend during July and August 1945. No other groups were assigned for a full schedule of training, but the 44th Bombardment Group (VH) and the 405th Service Group used Great Bend as an assembly point. Indeed, in this period the primary mission of the base became that of discharging qualified men—or rather of transferring them to separation centers.
On October 25, 1945 the base was officially informed by Second Air Force
that the installation would be put on a standby basis on December 31, 1945. Following this announcement, activities on the base (except that of shipping men to separation centers) slowed up considerably. During December the 44th Bombardment Group (VH) and the 405th Air Service Group were transferred to Salina. Second Air Force had placed Great Bend in the category of those fields whose retention was desirable for standby, with a possibility of being reopened on 30 days notice. Consequently, one of the principal activities of December consisted of inactivating buildings.
Sources are lacking by which to trace the subsequent steps leading to complete inactivation and transfer to the District Engineers. As late as March 1946 Great Bend was still in the category of temporarily inactive or standby under the Second Air Force. However, the field was never subsequently activated. For a short time during 1950 (and possibly 1949), the field was host to an Air Force reserve unit. However, by March 1951 no unit was stationed there, nor has the Air Force made use of the field since.
of 1,887 feet (575 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt
paved runway
s: 17/35 is 7,851 by 150 feet (2,393 x 46 m) and 11/29 is 4,706 by 75 feet (1,434 x 23 m) ).
For the 12-month period ending October 31, 2008, the airport had 19,146 aircraft operations, an average of 52 per day: 81% general aviation
, 10% scheduled commercial
, 10% air taxi
and <1% military
. At that time there were 33 aircraft based at this airport: 70% single-engine
and 30% multi-engine.
Airport
An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take off and land. Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an airport...
located four nautical miles (7 km) west of the central business district
Central business district
A central business district is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city. In North America this part of a city is commonly referred to as "downtown" or "city center"...
of Great Bend
Great Bend, Kansas
Great Bend, named for its location at the historic big bend of the Arkansas River, is the most populous city in and the county seat of Barton County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 15,995.-History:...
, a city in Barton County
Barton County, Kansas
Barton County is a county located in Western Kansas, in the Central United States. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 27,674. Its county seat and most populous city is Great Bend. The county is named in honor of Clara Barton, responsible for the founding of the American Red Cross...
, Kansas
Kansas
Kansas is a US state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. It is mostly used for general aviation
General aviation
General aviation is one of the two categories of civil aviation. It refers to all flights other than military and scheduled airline and regular cargo flights, both private and commercial. General aviation flights range from gliders and powered parachutes to large, non-scheduled cargo jet flights...
, but is also served by one commercial airline. Service is subsidized by the Essential Air Service
Essential Air Service
Essential Air Service is a U.S. government program enacted to guarantee that small communities in the United States, which, prior to deregulation, were served by certificated airlines, maintained commercial service. Its aim is to maintain a minimal level of scheduled air service to these...
program.
World War II
During World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the facility was known as Great Bend Army Airfield and was used as a United States Army Air Forces
United States Army Air Forces
The United States Army Air Forces was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II, and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force....
Second Air Force
Second Air Force
The Second Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command . It is headquartered at Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi....
training field.
The first public announcement of intentions to build an airfield at Great Bend, on the Arkansas river in Barton county, came in the form of a telegram from Sen. Arthur Capper of Kansas to the secretary of the Great Bend Chamber of Commerce on September 30, 1942. But, of course, by then all the preliminary work had been done. In July of that year the site at Great Bend had been chosen. Nor was all the initiative left to the Army. A committee of leading citizens from Great Bend and Hoisington had made the original proposal. Originally, plans called for the Civil Aeronautics Administration to supply the funds, and, with war's end, Barton county and Great Bend would acquire ownership. However, this tentative arrangement was subsequently changed so that the field was built under the auspices of the Air Force.
Originally intended to serve merely as a satellite base of Smoky Hill Army Air Field at Salina
Salina, Kansas
Salina is a city in and the county seat of Saline County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 47,707. Located in one of the world's largest wheat-producing areas, Salina is a regional trade center for north-central Kansas...
, the physical plant at Great Bend was initially decidedly limited in its functional utility and in size. Most of the construction work was done by Patti-McDonald Construction Company of Kansas City
Kansas City, Missouri
Kansas City, Missouri is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri and is the anchor city of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, the second largest metropolitan area in Missouri. It encompasses in parts of Jackson, Clay, Cass, and Platte counties...
, but the concrete work on runways and taxiways was undertaken by the W.L. Johnson Construction company. Essentials were completed first. These were followed in time by facilities for recreation and services. During the summer and fall of 1943 a service club, theater, and bowling alley were completed.
Capt. Theodore C. Reid, post engineer, was the first officer to report for duty on the base. He arrived on January 18, 1943. The first enlisted men to arrive, detachments of the 501st Base Headquarters and Air Base Squadron, the 1159th Guard Squadron, and the 902d Quartermaster Company, were necessarily housed in Great Bend for a time, there being no facilities on the base. On February 13, 1943 the 501st was transferred to Great Bend to become the headquarters squadron on the new field. Capping the inchoate organizational structure, Lt. Col. Glenn M. Pike assumed command of the field on February 26. The first recorded Morning Report, dated March 5, 1943, lists 13 officers and 182 enlisted men. From these modest beginnings, which was, of course a skeleton force even for the limited role the field was originally designed to play, Great Bend was to grow impressively, both as a mission and physical plant. By January 31, 1945 a total of 6,409 personnel would be stationed there.
In keeping with its scheduled function of processing heavy bombardment groups, Great Bend Army AirField was assigned to the 21st Bombardment Wing on January 16, 1943. It was the function of the 21st to operate processing bases, but, besides processing it did some training also. For instance, it provided certain types of navigational flights in those instances in which these had not been accomplished in the third-phase training of the group. In addition, the wing provided training in "Prisoner of War Behavior and Escape."As early as March 1943 it was known that the Second Air Force was to be charged with the responsibility of training personnel for the new B-29 very heavy bomber.
And the first tangible step toward executing this mission was the activation of the 58th Bombardment Operational Training Wing at Smoky Hill Army AirField at Salina, on May 1, 1943. But before much in the way of implementation could be done, the 58th was withdrawn from Second Air Force jurisdiction on June 8, 1943.
Knowing this delay to be purely a temporary one, on July 1, 1943 Second Air Force chose as the instrument to achieve this objective the 5th Heavy Bombardment Processing Unit, Stationed at Salina. Since Great Bend Army AirField had been designated as one of the bases to participate in the B-29 program, it was transferred to the 5th Heavy Bombardment Processing Unit on the same day.
If Great Bend was to assume a different and greatly enlarged mission, physical expansion of necessity became the order of the day. Original plans were altered, providing for considerable additions to the runway and taxiway systems. Additional troop housing was built, and new hangars we constructed especially designed to accommodate the B-29.
To bring its nomenclature more into harmony with its function, the 5th Heavy Bombardment Processing Unit was redesignated the 73d Bombardment Operational Training Wing on August 17, 1943. But the new organization endured for scarcely four months before it was disbanded on October 22, 1943, subsequent to the reassignment of the 58th Bombardment Operational Training Wing to the Second Air Force on October 15. Both the personnel and the several bases of the 73d, among which figured Great Bend Army Air Field, were relinquished to the 58th.
Fortunately, despite the somewhat impermanent organizational picture at higher levels, the B-29 training program did get under way at the bases which were assigned the task. Great Bend received the 444th Bombardment Group (VH) and by April 1944, its training completed, the 444th departed for overseas service. During the remainder of its career, Great Bend was destined to train three more very heavy bombardment groups, the 498th, the 19th, and 333d, and in addition, it retrained the ground echelon of the 489th back from Europe for redeployment to the Pacific. The extreme dearth of B-29 aircraft, however, hampered the training efforts for some time. Consequently, for several months the group in training at Great Bend perforce used B-17's and B-26's for the most part, with a sprinkling of B-29's to leaven the loaf.
Great Bend Army AirField was fortunate in the caliber of cooperation received from surrounding communities. The neighboring municipalities, such as Great Bend and Hoisington, were particularly active in promoting recreational opportunities for the troops.
On March 25, 1944 the units permanently assigned to Great Bend Army Airfield were reorganized in the 243d AAF Base Unit (OTU) (VH). Thereafter, Great Bend was organized under the standard plan for OTU (Operational Training Unit) bases. This plan consisted of three major sections: administrative and services section, supply and maintenance section, and the training section. In addition, the air inspector and the hospital were referred to as sections. The office of the director of training was set up in April 1944, with the responsibility of providing flying and ground school training to all flying personnel of the very heavy bombardment groups successively stationed at Great Bend. In addition, the directorate was charged with the training of ground crew personnel. However, since the new directorate was not prepared immediately to take up its burden, the group in training at that time, the 498th, continued to train itself as the 444th had done before it. Consequently, it was only with the 19th Bombardment Group (VH), which began training in September 1944, that the training directorate took over the training responsibilities. Thereafter, the tactical units stationed at Great Bend were trained by the base directorate of training, although they maintained their individual organizations and operated independently of the base unit insofar as administration was concerned.
It came to be common procedure for the maintenance echelon of a group to move to Great Bend while another group was being trained there. This was done in order that these men could receive "on-the-job" training which would enable them to maintain the aircraft of their own group when it arrived. For instance, an advanced detachment of the 19th Bombardment Group (VH) were given jobs alongside the men of the 498th.
Beginning with the winter of 1945, part of the flying training was conducted at Borinquen Army AirField, Puerto Rico. The primary purpose of this program, termed the "Gypsy Task Force," was to take advantage of the good flying weather in Puerto Rico during the winter months, enabling the crews to complete their training much quicker than would otherwise have been the case. With this phase of training over, the crews would return to Great Bend to prepare for departure to a staging area. The program was discontinued in April 1945, after only one season.
If the operations of the base were not crippled, they were certainly impeded by the critical manpower shortage resulting primarily from heavy transfers to the Army Ground Forces during the autumn and winter of 1944–1945.1 By January 31, 1945, Great Bend had furnished the Army Ground Forces with 244 enlisted men. The reciprocal arrangement with the Ground Forces did not solve the problem, since by January 31, 1945, the field had received only 90 enlisted men replacements from the Ground Forces.
With the arrival of the ground echelon of the 489th Bombardment Group in February 1945 from the European theater, Great Bend became one of the first redeployment installations in the country. At that time the 333d Bombardment Group (VH) was receiving its regular training, but the ground echelon of the 489th was trained on B-29 maintenance alongside the men of the 333d. After a relatively short transition course in the B-29 (they were already experienced maintenance men) the 489th left in March to join the air echelon of the group, which had received transition training at several different bases.
Victory over Japan had a direct effect on the mission and activity of the base. The 333d Bombardment Group (VH), having completed its training, left Great Bend during July and August 1945. No other groups were assigned for a full schedule of training, but the 44th Bombardment Group (VH) and the 405th Service Group used Great Bend as an assembly point. Indeed, in this period the primary mission of the base became that of discharging qualified men—or rather of transferring them to separation centers.
On October 25, 1945 the base was officially informed by Second Air Force
Second Air Force
The Second Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command . It is headquartered at Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi....
that the installation would be put on a standby basis on December 31, 1945. Following this announcement, activities on the base (except that of shipping men to separation centers) slowed up considerably. During December the 44th Bombardment Group (VH) and the 405th Air Service Group were transferred to Salina. Second Air Force had placed Great Bend in the category of those fields whose retention was desirable for standby, with a possibility of being reopened on 30 days notice. Consequently, one of the principal activities of December consisted of inactivating buildings.
Sources are lacking by which to trace the subsequent steps leading to complete inactivation and transfer to the District Engineers. As late as March 1946 Great Bend was still in the category of temporarily inactive or standby under the Second Air Force. However, the field was never subsequently activated. For a short time during 1950 (and possibly 1949), the field was host to an Air Force reserve unit. However, by March 1951 no unit was stationed there, nor has the Air Force made use of the field since.
World War II units assigned
- 19th Bombardment (Very Heavy) August 1 – December 7, 1944
- 44th Bombardment (Heavy) July 25, 1945
- 333rd Bombardment (Very Heavy) January 13 – June 18, 1945
- 444th Bombardment (Very Heavy) July 29, 1943 – March 12, 1944
- 489th Bombardment (Heavy) c. February 18, 1945
- 498th Bombardment (Very Heavy) April 13 – July 13, 1944
Facilities and aircraft
Great Bend Municipal Airport covers an area of 1887 acres (763.6 ha) at an elevationElevation
The elevation of a geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface ....
of 1,887 feet (575 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt
Asphalt
Asphalt or , also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits, it is a substance classed as a pitch...
paved runway
Runway
According to ICAO a runway is a "defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft." Runways may be a man-made surface or a natural surface .- Orientation and dimensions :Runways are named by a number between 01 and 36, which is generally one tenth...
s: 17/35 is 7,851 by 150 feet (2,393 x 46 m) and 11/29 is 4,706 by 75 feet (1,434 x 23 m) ).
For the 12-month period ending October 31, 2008, the airport had 19,146 aircraft operations, an average of 52 per day: 81% general aviation
General aviation
General aviation is one of the two categories of civil aviation. It refers to all flights other than military and scheduled airline and regular cargo flights, both private and commercial. General aviation flights range from gliders and powered parachutes to large, non-scheduled cargo jet flights...
, 10% scheduled commercial
Airline
An airline provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Airlines lease or own their aircraft with which to supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for mutual benefit...
, 10% air taxi
Air taxi
An air taxi is an air charter passenger or cargo aircraft which operates on an on-demand basis.-Regulation:In the United States, air taxi and air charter operations are governed by Part 135 of the Federal Aviation Regulations , unlike the larger scheduled air carriers which are governed by more...
and <1% military
Military aviation
Military aviation is the use of aircraft and other flying machines for the purposes of conducting or enabling warfare, including national airlift capacity to provide logistical supply to forces stationed in a theater or along a front. Air power includes the national means of conducting such...
. At that time there were 33 aircraft based at this airport: 70% single-engine
Aircraft engine
An aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates mechanical power. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines...
and 30% multi-engine.
Airlines and destinations
See also
- Kansas World War II Army AirfieldsKansas World War II Army AirfieldsDuring World War II, Kansas was a major United States Army Air Force training center for pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers. Kansas was a favored because it has excellent, year-round flying conditions...
- B-29 SuperfortressB-29 SuperfortressThe B-29 Superfortress is a four-engine propeller-driven heavy bomber designed by Boeing that was flown primarily by the United States Air Forces in late-World War II and through the Korean War. The B-29 was one of the largest aircraft to see service during World War II...
Development- Pratt Army AirfieldPratt Army AirfieldPratt Army Airfield is a closed United States Air Force base. It is located north-northwest of Pratt, Kansas, and was closed in 1946. Today it is used as Pratt Regional Airport....
- Smoky Hill Army Airfield
- Walker Army Airfield
- Pratt Army Airfield
External links
- Municipal Airport at City of Great Bend website