Great Grimsby (UK Parliament constituency)
Encyclopedia
Great Grimsby is a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons
of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
, consisting of the town of Grimsby
in North East Lincolnshire
. It elects one Member of Parliament
(MP) by the first past the post system of election. The constituency has been represented since 1295, and it elected two MPs until 1832; between 1918 and 1983 it was known simply as Grimsby.
was divided into four unitary authorities in 1996. From the 2010 general election new boundaries have applied, but the Boundary Commission made only minimal changes, aligning the constituency boundaries with those of North East Lincolnshire
wards; the revised constituency will consist of eight wards - East Marsh, Freshney, Heneage, Park, Scartho, South, West Marsh and Yarborough. Great Grimsby remains a borough constituency.
in 1295, sending two burgesses to the Model Parliament
, and has been continuously represented ever since. The original borough consisted of the town of Grimsby
in Lincolnshire
, a market town and seaport.
The right to vote was exercised by freemen
of the town, provided they were resident and paying scot and lot
; in 1831 this amounted to just under 400 voters. Freemen could be made by the town corporation and the freedom could be acquired through apprenticeship, but also by inheritance; in Great Grimsby, not only was the son of a freeman entitled to become a freeman himself, but the husband of a freeman's daughter or widow also acquired the freedom. In 1831, when the Reform Bill was being discussed in Parliament, the wives and daughters of the Great Grimsby freemen petitioned the House of Lords to retain their rights to pass on the vote to their future husbands and children.
However, their concern to retain these rights may not have been entirely rooted in their desire to help choose the borough's MPs; a vote in Great Grimsby was a valuable commodity in a more mercenary sense, and the contemporary polemicist Oldfield considered that "This borough stands second to none in the history of corruption." At the start of the 18th century it was noted that Grimsby's "freemen did enter into treaties with several gentlemen in London, for sale of the choice of burgess to such as would give the most money". In 1701, the House of Commons overturned the election of one of Great Grimsby's MPs, William Cotesworth, for bribery and sent him to the Tower of London
, as well as temporarily suspending the borough's right to representation. Almost every election in Great Grimsby at this period was followed by a petition from the defeated candidates alleging bribery, although that of 1701 seems to have been the only one which was acted upon.
Great Grimsby, like most boroughs except for the very largest, recognised a "patron" who could generally exercise influence over the choice of its MPs; at the time of the Great Reform Act of 1832, this was Lord Yarborough
. However, the extent of the patron's power was limited in Great Grimsby, and the voters were quite prepared (at a price) to defy his advice. The patron could strengthen his position by providing employment to the freemen, as could his rivals. Jupp quotes two letters, one of 1818 and one of 1819, in which local agents advise the Tennyson family how best to do this in Grimsby so as to encroach on Lord Yarborough's influence:
On a less extravagant level, it is recorded that after Charles Tennyson
was first elected in 1818 he presented a bottle of wine to each of the fathers of 92 local children about to be christened.
The election of 1831 was especially notorious, the local Tories being accused of using a revenue cutter lying in the Humber to ply the Whig
voters with drink and prevent them getting to the polls; the recriminations led to a famous action for libel.
In 1831, the population of the borough was 4,008, and contained 784 houses. The Boundary Act that accompanied the Reform Act enlarged the borough to include eight neighbouring parishes including Cleethorpes
and Great Coates
, bringing the population up to 6,413 with 1,365 houses, and increasing the electorate (once the franchise reforms were taken into account) to 656. Nevertheless, Great Grimsby lost one of its two seats. However, Grimsby's population continued to grow and, unlike most of the boroughs that lost one seat in 1832, there was never a need to deprive Grimsby of the other at a subsequent redistribution of seats.
The constituency underwent further significant boundary change in 1918 and 1950. In 1918, the outlying parishes (Bradley
, Great Coates
, Little Coates
, Laceby
, Scartho
, Waltham
and Weelsby
) were detached to the adjoining Louth
county constituency, and the parliamentary borough (which from this point was called Grimsby rather than Great Grimsby) consisted of the county borough of Grimsby
and the urban district (later borough) of Cleethorpes
. In 1950, Cleethorpes was moved into the Louth
county division, leaving the borough once more consisting of Grimsby alone. More recent boundary changes have only been adjustments to conform to changes at local government level; the Great Grimsby name was restored in 1983.
Since the 1950 boundary changes that removed Conservative Cleethorpes from the constituency, this has usually been a safe Labour
seat. The present MP, Austin Mitchell
, won the seat in a 1977 by-election following the death of his predecessor, the Foreign Secretary Tony Crosland, by only 520 votes; but on the same day that Mitchell held Grimsby, Labour lost Ashfield
, in the next county and apparently equally impregnable, on a 21% swing. However at the 2010 election Mitchell's majority was again reduced to three figures after a swing of over 10% to the Conservatives.
British House of Commons
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories, located in London...
, consisting of the town of Grimsby
Grimsby
Grimsby is a seaport on the Humber Estuary in Lincolnshire, England. It has been the administrative centre of the unitary authority area of North East Lincolnshire since 1996...
in North East Lincolnshire
North East Lincolnshire
North East Lincolnshire is a unitary authority in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, bordering the unitary authority of North Lincolnshire and the administrative county of Lincolnshire...
. It elects one Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
(MP) by the first past the post system of election. The constituency has been represented since 1295, and it elected two MPs until 1832; between 1918 and 1983 it was known simply as Grimsby.
Current and future boundaries
The present constituency follows the boundaries of the old Borough of Great Grimsby, which was abolished when the former county of HumbersideHumberside
Humberside was a non-metropolitan and ceremonial county in Northern England from 1 April 1974 until 1 April 1996. It was composed of land from either side of the Humber Estuary, created from portions of the East and West ridings of Yorkshire and parts of Lindsey, Lincolnshire...
was divided into four unitary authorities in 1996. From the 2010 general election new boundaries have applied, but the Boundary Commission made only minimal changes, aligning the constituency boundaries with those of North East Lincolnshire
North East Lincolnshire
North East Lincolnshire is a unitary authority in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, bordering the unitary authority of North Lincolnshire and the administrative county of Lincolnshire...
wards; the revised constituency will consist of eight wards - East Marsh, Freshney, Heneage, Park, Scartho, South, West Marsh and Yarborough. Great Grimsby remains a borough constituency.
History
Great Grimsby was established as a parliamentary boroughParliamentary borough
Parliamentary boroughs are a type of administrative division, usually covering urban areas, that are entitled to representation in a Parliament...
in 1295, sending two burgesses to the Model Parliament
Model Parliament
The Model Parliament is the term, attributed to Frederic William Maitland, used for the 1295 Parliament of England of King Edward I. This assembly included members of the clergy and the aristocracy, as well as representatives from the various counties and boroughs. Each county returned two knights,...
, and has been continuously represented ever since. The original borough consisted of the town of Grimsby
Grimsby
Grimsby is a seaport on the Humber Estuary in Lincolnshire, England. It has been the administrative centre of the unitary authority area of North East Lincolnshire since 1996...
in Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the north west, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders...
, a market town and seaport.
The right to vote was exercised by freemen
Freedom of the City
Freedom of the City is an honour bestowed by some municipalities in Australia, Canada, Ireland, France, Italy, New Zealand, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom, Gibraltar and Rhodesia to esteemed members of its community and to organisations to be honoured, often for service to the community;...
of the town, provided they were resident and paying scot and lot
Scot and lot
Scot and lot is a phrase common in the records of English medieval boroughs, applied to householders who were assessed for a tax paid to the borough for local or national purposes.They were usually members of a merchant guild.Before the Reform Act 1832, those who paid scot and bore...
; in 1831 this amounted to just under 400 voters. Freemen could be made by the town corporation and the freedom could be acquired through apprenticeship, but also by inheritance; in Great Grimsby, not only was the son of a freeman entitled to become a freeman himself, but the husband of a freeman's daughter or widow also acquired the freedom. In 1831, when the Reform Bill was being discussed in Parliament, the wives and daughters of the Great Grimsby freemen petitioned the House of Lords to retain their rights to pass on the vote to their future husbands and children.
However, their concern to retain these rights may not have been entirely rooted in their desire to help choose the borough's MPs; a vote in Great Grimsby was a valuable commodity in a more mercenary sense, and the contemporary polemicist Oldfield considered that "This borough stands second to none in the history of corruption." At the start of the 18th century it was noted that Grimsby's "freemen did enter into treaties with several gentlemen in London, for sale of the choice of burgess to such as would give the most money". In 1701, the House of Commons overturned the election of one of Great Grimsby's MPs, William Cotesworth, for bribery and sent him to the Tower of London
Tower of London
Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space...
, as well as temporarily suspending the borough's right to representation. Almost every election in Great Grimsby at this period was followed by a petition from the defeated candidates alleging bribery, although that of 1701 seems to have been the only one which was acted upon.
Great Grimsby, like most boroughs except for the very largest, recognised a "patron" who could generally exercise influence over the choice of its MPs; at the time of the Great Reform Act of 1832, this was Lord Yarborough
Charles Anderson-Pelham, 1st Earl of Yarborough
Charles Anderson-Pelham, 1st Earl of Yarborough , styled Hon. Charles Anderson-Pelham from 1794 to 1823, was the founder of the Royal Yacht Squadron...
. However, the extent of the patron's power was limited in Great Grimsby, and the voters were quite prepared (at a price) to defy his advice. The patron could strengthen his position by providing employment to the freemen, as could his rivals. Jupp quotes two letters, one of 1818 and one of 1819, in which local agents advise the Tennyson family how best to do this in Grimsby so as to encroach on Lord Yarborough's influence:
- "Build upon every spot of vacant ground you are possessed of... Thus you would give employment to a great number of freemen... Let Mr Heneage's estates be divided into fields of four or six acres; and let these, together with your own estates be placed in the hands of freemen to whom they would be an object of importance. Provide, if possible, small farms for the sons of Lord Yarbro's tenants."
On a less extravagant level, it is recorded that after Charles Tennyson
Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt
Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt , born Charles Tennyson, was a British politician, landowner and Member of Parliament for Stamford from 1831 to 1832 and for Lambeth from 1832 to 1852...
was first elected in 1818 he presented a bottle of wine to each of the fathers of 92 local children about to be christened.
The election of 1831 was especially notorious, the local Tories being accused of using a revenue cutter lying in the Humber to ply the Whig
British Whig Party
The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule...
voters with drink and prevent them getting to the polls; the recriminations led to a famous action for libel.
In 1831, the population of the borough was 4,008, and contained 784 houses. The Boundary Act that accompanied the Reform Act enlarged the borough to include eight neighbouring parishes including Cleethorpes
Cleethorpes
Cleethorpes is a town and unparished area in North East Lincolnshire, England, situated on the estuary of the Humber. It has a population of 31,853 and is a seaside resort.- History :...
and Great Coates
Great Coates
Great Coates is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England. It is to the north-west of the Grimsby urban area, and is served by Great Coates railway station...
, bringing the population up to 6,413 with 1,365 houses, and increasing the electorate (once the franchise reforms were taken into account) to 656. Nevertheless, Great Grimsby lost one of its two seats. However, Grimsby's population continued to grow and, unlike most of the boroughs that lost one seat in 1832, there was never a need to deprive Grimsby of the other at a subsequent redistribution of seats.
The constituency underwent further significant boundary change in 1918 and 1950. In 1918, the outlying parishes (Bradley
Bradley, Lincolnshire
Bradley is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England. It lies 3 miles west of Grimsby and 2 miles north of Barnoldby le Beck. Its population recorded in the 2001 census was 198....
, Great Coates
Great Coates
Great Coates is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England. It is to the north-west of the Grimsby urban area, and is served by Great Coates railway station...
, Little Coates
Little Coates
Little Coates is an area of western Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire, England. Its history goes back to medieval times with a mention in the Domesday Book....
, Laceby
Laceby
Laceby is a village in North East Lincolnshire, England, located on the A46 road just outside the western boundary of Grimsby. The main feature of the village is the 15th century Anglican parish church.-History:...
, Scartho
Scartho
Scartho is a suburb located in the southern part of Grimsby, England, in the county of North East Lincolnshire. with a population of around 11,000. Up until the end of the Second World War it was a village; subsequent post-war expansion on the greenfield areas between Scartho and Grimsby has...
, Waltham
Waltham, Lincolnshire
Waltham is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England. It is south-west of Grimsby and is close to the villages of Scartho, Brigsley, Barnoldby-le-Beck, and Bradley...
and Weelsby
Weelsby
Weelsby is located in the Weelsby Road area of eastern Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire, England. Previously separate from Grimsby, Weelsby Woods and Weelsby Hall lie within the area, as does the Grimsby Tennis Centre, Peaks Lane fire station, Saint Andrews Hospice, Saint Hughs Hospital and the...
) were detached to the adjoining Louth
Louth, Lincolnshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Louth was a county constituency in Lincolnshire which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until it was abolished for the 1983 general election....
county constituency, and the parliamentary borough (which from this point was called Grimsby rather than Great Grimsby) consisted of the county borough of Grimsby
Grimsby
Grimsby is a seaport on the Humber Estuary in Lincolnshire, England. It has been the administrative centre of the unitary authority area of North East Lincolnshire since 1996...
and the urban district (later borough) of Cleethorpes
Cleethorpes
Cleethorpes is a town and unparished area in North East Lincolnshire, England, situated on the estuary of the Humber. It has a population of 31,853 and is a seaside resort.- History :...
. In 1950, Cleethorpes was moved into the Louth
Louth, Lincolnshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Louth was a county constituency in Lincolnshire which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until it was abolished for the 1983 general election....
county division, leaving the borough once more consisting of Grimsby alone. More recent boundary changes have only been adjustments to conform to changes at local government level; the Great Grimsby name was restored in 1983.
Since the 1950 boundary changes that removed Conservative Cleethorpes from the constituency, this has usually been a safe Labour
Labour Party (UK)
The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after...
seat. The present MP, Austin Mitchell
Austin Mitchell
Austin Vernon Mitchell is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby since a 1977 by-election.-Education and early life:...
, won the seat in a 1977 by-election following the death of his predecessor, the Foreign Secretary Tony Crosland, by only 520 votes; but on the same day that Mitchell held Grimsby, Labour lost Ashfield
Ashfield (UK Parliament constituency)
Ashfield is a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first-past-the-post voting system....
, in the next county and apparently equally impregnable, on a 21% swing. However at the 2010 election Mitchell's majority was again reduced to three figures after a swing of over 10% to the Conservatives.
MPs 1295–1660
| Year | First member | Second member |
|---|---|---|
| 1386 | John Newland | William Elmsall |
| 1388 (Feb) | Robert Burton | William Paule |
| 1388 (Sep) | Geoffrey Askeby | Richard Barber |
| 1390 (Jan) | Richard Misen | Walter Slotheby |
| 1390 (Nov) | ||
| 1391 | John Hesilden | William Welle |
| 1393 | Robert Burton | John Kelby |
| 1394 | Robert Burton | Walter Slotheby |
| 1395 | Robert Burton | William Elmsall |
| 1397 (Jan) | Robert Burton | John Kelby |
| 1397 (Sep) | ||
| 1399 | Walter Slotheby | William Elmsall |
| 1401 | ||
| 1402 | Richard White | John Kelby |
| 1404 (Jan) | ||
| 1404 (Oct) | William Hosier | John Miles |
| 1406 | William Lele | John Kelby |
| 1407 | William Fosse | Simon Grimsby |
| 1411 | William Fosse | John Thoresby |
| 1413 (Feb) | ||
| 1413 (May) | Gilbert Keremond | Richard Duffield |
| 1414 (Apr) | ||
| 1414 (Nov) | Roger Dale | Richard Duffield |
| 1415 | ||
| 1416 (Mar) | Roger Dale | Gilbert Keremond |
| 1416 (Oct) | ||
| 1417 | ||
| 1419 | ||
| 1420 | John Lufford | Richard Duffield |
| 1421 (May) | Simon Elkyngton | Roger Grainsby |
| 1421 (Dec) | Roger Dale | Richard Duffield |
| 1410 | ||
| 1510 | ?Sir William Tyrwhitt | Sir Robert Wingfield |
| 1512 | George Barnardiston | Robert Vicars |
| 1515 | Philip Hamby | William Hatcliffe |
| 1523 | John Heneage | Robert Lord |
| 1529 | Sir William Askew | John Heneage |
| 1536 | ? | |
| 1539 | ? | |
| 1542 | Richard Goodrich | ? |
| 1545 | Thomas Hussey I | Richard Goodrich |
| 1547 | Richard Goodrich | John Bellow |
| 1553 (Mar) | ? | |
| 1553 (Oct) | George Heneage | John Bellow |
| 1554 (Apr) | Ambrose Sutton | John Bellow |
| 1554 (Nov) | John Bellow | Thomas Constable |
| 1555 | John Bellow | Thomas Constable |
| 1558 | John Bellow | Marmaduke Tyrwhitt |
| 1558/9 | Sir Edward Warner | John Bellow |
| 1562/3 | Christopher Wray Christopher Wray Sir Christopher Wray was an English judge and Chief Justice of the King’s Bench.-Early life and career:Wray, the third son of Thomas Wray, seneschal in 1535 of Coverham Abbey, Yorkshire, by Joan, daughter of Robert Jackson of Gatenby, Bedale, in the same county, was born at Bedale in 1524... |
Edward Fitzgerald |
| 1571 | Thomas St. Poll | John Thymbleby |
| 1572 | Thomas Morrison | Thomas Grantham |
| 1584 (Nov) | William Wray Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Glentworth Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Glentworth, Lincolnshire was an English politician. He represented the constituency of Grimsby from 1584 to 1585, Lincolnshire in 1601 and Grimsby again from 1604 to November 1611... |
Thomas Morrison |
| 1586 (Oct) | Tristram Tyrwhitt | Thomas Morrison |
| 1588/9 | Thomas Morrison | Tristrsm Tyrwhitt |
| 1593 | William Barne | Nicholas Saunderson Nicholas Saunderson, 1st Viscount Castleton Nicholas Saunderson, 1st Viscount Castleton was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons in1593 and 1625.... |
| 1597 (Sep) | Thomas Hatcliffe | Thomas Ellis |
| 1601 (Oct) | Thomas Clinton Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln was an English peer, styled 11th Baron Clinton from 1585 to 1616.He was educated at Oxford University, from which he had his MA in 1588, and represented the constituencies of Lincolnshire in 1601 and Great Grimsby from 1604 to 1610... alias Fiennes, Lord Clinton |
Edward Skipwith |
| 1604 | Sir William Wray Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Glentworth Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Glentworth, Lincolnshire was an English politician. He represented the constituency of Grimsby from 1584 to 1585, Lincolnshire in 1601 and Grimsby again from 1604 to November 1611... |
Sir George St Paul Sir George St Paul, 1st Baronet Sir George St Paul, 1st Baronet was an English politician.He was born the son of Thomas St Paul of Snarford, Lincolnshire and educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He entered Lincoln's Inn in 1580... |
| 1614 | Sir John Wray Sir John Wray, 2nd Baronet Sir John Wray, 2nd Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1648... |
Richard Toothby |
| 1621 | Henry Pelham Henry Pelham (Speaker) Henry Pelham was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1648. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons.Pelham was the son of Sir William Pelham , of Brocklesby, Lincolnshire... |
Sir Christopher Wray Christopher Wray (MP) Sir Christopher Wray was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1646. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.-Life:... |
| 1624 | Henry Pelham Henry Pelham (Speaker) Henry Pelham was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1648. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons.Pelham was the son of Sir William Pelham , of Brocklesby, Lincolnshire... |
Sir Christopher Wray Christopher Wray (MP) Sir Christopher Wray was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1646. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.-Life:... |
| 1625 | Henry Pelham Henry Pelham (Speaker) Henry Pelham was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1648. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons.Pelham was the son of Sir William Pelham , of Brocklesby, Lincolnshire... |
Sir Christopher Wray Christopher Wray (MP) Sir Christopher Wray was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1646. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.-Life:... |
| 1626 | Henry Pelham Henry Pelham (Speaker) Henry Pelham was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1648. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons.Pelham was the son of Sir William Pelham , of Brocklesby, Lincolnshire... |
William Skinner |
| 1628 | Henry Pelham Henry Pelham (Speaker) Henry Pelham was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1648. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons.Pelham was the son of Sir William Pelham , of Brocklesby, Lincolnshire... |
Christopher Wray Christopher Wray (MP) Sir Christopher Wray was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1646. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.-Life:... |
| 1629–1640 | No Parliaments summoned | |
| April 1640 | Christopher Wray Christopher Wray (MP) Sir Christopher Wray was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1646. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.-Life:... |
Sir Gervase Hollis |
| November 1640 | Christopher Wray Christopher Wray (MP) Sir Christopher Wray was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1646. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.-Life:... |
Sir Gervase Holles Gervase Holles Gervase Holles was an English lawyer, antiquarian and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1642. He fought in the Royalist army in the English Civil War.... |
| 1645 | William Wray Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Ashby Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Ashby was an English politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Grimsby from 1645-1648 and 1654-1660.... |
Edward Rossiter Edward Rossiter Colonel Sir Edward Rossiter of Somerby by Bigby, Lincolnshire, England, was a soldier in the Parliamentarian army. He fought alongside Oliver Cromwell at the Battle of Naseby in 1645... |
| 1654 | William Wray Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Ashby Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Ashby was an English politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Grimsby from 1645-1648 and 1654-1660.... |
One seat only |
| 1656 | William Wray Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Ashby Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Ashby was an English politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Grimsby from 1645-1648 and 1654-1660.... |
One seat only |
| 1659 | William Wray Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Ashby Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Ashby was an English politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Grimsby from 1645-1648 and 1654-1660.... |
Edward Ayscough |
MPs 1660–1832
| Year | First member | First party | Second member | Second party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1660 | Edward King | William Wray Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Ashby Sir William Wray, 1st Baronet, of Ashby was an English politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Grimsby from 1645-1648 and 1654-1660.... |
||||
| 1661 | Gervase Holles Gervase Holles Gervase Holles was an English lawyer, antiquarian and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1642. He fought in the Royalist army in the English Civil War.... |
Adrian Scrope | ||||
| 1666 | Sir Henry Belasyse Henry Belasyse Henry Belasyse , also known as Henry Bellasis was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England variously between 1625 and 1642.... |
|||||
| October 1667 | Sir Philip Tyrwhitt | |||||
| November 1667 | Sir Frescheville Holles Frescheville Holles Sir Frescheville Holles was an English Royal Navy officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1666 to 1672. He was killed in action fighting in the Anglo-Dutch war.... |
|||||
| 1673 | William Broxholme | |||||
| 1675 | Sir Christopher Wray | |||||
| 1679 | George Pelham | |||||
| 1685 | Sir Edward Ayscough | Sir Thomas Barnardiston | ||||
| 1690 | John Chaplin | |||||
| 1695 | Arthur Moore M.P. Arthur Moore M.P. Arthur Moore M.P. for Great Grimsby who represented the borough, for many years and during the reigns of several kings and queens. He was born in Ireland, but moved to England early. His brother was Colonel Sir Thomas Moore Arthur Moore's son was William Moore, M.P. for Banbury... (died 1730) |
|||||
| 1699 | Thomas Vyner | |||||
| January 1701 | William Cotesworth | |||||
| March 1701 | Seat vacant | |||||
| December 1701 | Arthur Moore M.P. Arthur Moore M.P. Arthur Moore M.P. for Great Grimsby who represented the borough, for many years and during the reigns of several kings and queens. He was born in Ireland, but moved to England early. His brother was Colonel Sir Thomas Moore Arthur Moore's son was William Moore, M.P. for Banbury... (died 1730) |
|||||
| 1702 | John Chaplin | |||||
| 1705 | William Cotesworth | |||||
| 1710 | Robert Vyner | |||||
| 1713 | William Cotesworth | |||||
| 1715 | Robert Chaplin | Joseph Banks | ||||
| 1721 | Arthur Moore M.P. Arthur Moore M.P. Arthur Moore M.P. for Great Grimsby who represented the borough, for many years and during the reigns of several kings and queens. He was born in Ireland, but moved to England early. His brother was Colonel Sir Thomas Moore Arthur Moore's son was William Moore, M.P. for Banbury... (died 1730) |
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| 1722 | Benjamin Collyer | Charles Pelham | ||||
| 1727 | John Page | George Monson | ||||
| 1734 | Sir Robert Sutton Robert Sutton (diplomat) Sir Robert Sutton KB was an English diplomat and then politician.-Early life:He was the elder son of Robert Sutton of Averham, Nottinghamshire, and his wife, Katherine, the daughter of the Revd William Sherborne of Pembridge, Herefordshire... |
Robert Knight Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough, KB, , was a Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby , Castle Rising, Norfolk and Milborne Port, Somerset . He... |
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| 1741 | William Lock William Lock William Lock was Mayor of Nelson from 1913 to 1915 and again from 1921 to 1927. Lock was an auctioneer, and a grain and produce merchant for 40 years. During his term as Mayor, HMS New Zealand visited Nelson in 1913... |
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| 1747 | John Gore | |||||
| 1761 | Hon. Henry Knight Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough, KB, , was a Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby , Castle Rising, Norfolk and Milborne Port, Somerset . He... |
Joseph Mellish | ||||
| 1762 | Robert Knight, 1st Baron Luxborough Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough, KB, , was a Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby , Castle Rising, Norfolk and Milborne Port, Somerset . He... |
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| 1768 | Colonel Anthony St Leger Anthony St Leger (soldier) Major-General Anthony St Leger was a successful soldier, a Member of Parliament for Grimsby, and the founder of the St. Leger Stakes horse race.... |
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| 1774 | Francis Evelyn Anderson | |||||
| 1780 | John Harrison | Francis Eyre | ||||
| 1784 | Dudley Long Dudley Long North Dudley Long North was an English Whig politician.-Early life:Baptised Dudley Long at Saxmundham, Suffolk, he was the younger of two sons of Charles Long , landowner, of Hurts Hall, Suffolk, and his wife, Mary, daughter and coheir of Dudley North of Little Glemham, Suffolk, and granddaughter of Sir... |
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| 1796 | Ayscoghe Boucherett | William Mellish William Mellish William Mellish was an English Tory politician. He was Governor of the Bank of England from 1814 to 1816 and a Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby from 1796 to 1802 and from 1803 to 1806, then an MP for Middlesex from 1806 to 1820.... |
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| 1802 | Colonel John Henry Loft | |||||
| March 1803 | William Mellish William Mellish William Mellish was an English Tory politician. He was Governor of the Bank of England from 1814 to 1816 and a Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby from 1796 to 1802 and from 1803 to 1806, then an MP for Middlesex from 1806 to 1820.... |
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| July 1803 | Hon. Charles Anderson-Pelham Charles Anderson-Pelham, 1st Earl of Yarborough Charles Anderson-Pelham, 1st Earl of Yarborough , styled Hon. Charles Anderson-Pelham from 1794 to 1823, was the founder of the Royal Yacht Squadron... |
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| 1806 | Hon. George Anderson-Pelham | |||||
| 1807 | William Ellice | |||||
| 1808 | Colonel John Henry Loft | |||||
| 1812 | John Peter Grant | Sir Robert Heron Sir Robert Heron, 2nd Baronet Sir Robert Heron, 2nd Baronet was a British Whig politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1812 to 1847, with a break in 1818–1819.-Early life:... |
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| 1818 | John Nicholas Fazakerley John Nicholas Fazakerley John Nicholas Fazakerley was a British Whigpolitician. He sat in the House of Commons for most of the period from 1812 to 1841.He was elected at the 1812 general election as a Member of Parliament for Lincoln,... |
Charles Tennyson Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt , born Charles Tennyson, was a British politician, landowner and Member of Parliament for Stamford from 1831 to 1832 and for Lambeth from 1832 to 1852... |
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| 1820 | William Duncombe | |||||
| 1826 | Charles Wood Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax GCB PC , known as Sir Charles Wood, 3rd Bt between 1846 and 1866, was a British Whig politician and Member of Parliament. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1846 to 1852.... |
George Fieschi Heneage George Heneage George Fieschi Heneage was a British Whig and later Conservative Party politician.-Background:Heneage was the son of George Robert Heneage and Frances Anne, daughter of Lieutenant-General George Ainslie... |
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| 1830 | George Harris | |||||
| May 1831 | John Villiers Shelley Sir John Shelley, 7th Baronet John Villiers Shelley was an English Tory politician.He was elected at the 1830 general election as a Member of Parliament for Gatton in Surrey, then at the 1831 general election as an MP for Great Grimsby, but did not contest the seat at the 1832 general election.He did not stand again until he... |
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| August 1831 | Henry Fitzroy Henry Fitzroy (statesman) Henry FitzRoy was a British politician of the mid-nineteenth century.-Background:FitzRoy was second son of Lieutenant-General George FitzRoy, 2nd Baron Southampton, by his second wife Frances Isabella, daughter of Lord Robert Seymour... |
Lord Loughborough James St Clair-Erskine, 3rd Earl of Rosslyn General James Alexander St Clair-Erskine, 3rd Earl of Rosslyn PC, DL , styled Lord Loughborough from 1805 to 1837, was a Scottish soldier and Tory politician... |
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| 1832 United Kingdom general election, 1832 -Seats summary:-Parties and leaders at the general election:The Earl Grey had been Prime Minister since 22 November 1830. His was the first predominantly Whig administration since the Ministry of all the Talents in 1806-1807.... |
Representation reduced to one member | |||||
MPs since 1832
| Election | Member | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1832 United Kingdom general election, 1832 -Seats summary:-Parties and leaders at the general election:The Earl Grey had been Prime Minister since 22 November 1830. His was the first predominantly Whig administration since the Ministry of all the Talents in 1806-1807.... |
William Maxfield William Maxfield William Maxfield was a British Whig politician.At the 1832 general election he was elected as a Member of Parliament for Grimsby, defeating the Tory MP Lord Loughborough. He stood down at the 1835 general election.- External links :... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
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| 1835 United Kingdom general election, 1835 The 1835 United Kingdom general election was called when Parliament was dissolved on 29 December 1834. Polling took place between 6 January and 6 February 1835, and the results saw Robert Peel's Conservatives make large gains from their low of the 1832 election, but the Whigs maintained a large... |
Edward Heneage Edward Heneage (1802–1880) Edward Heneage was a British Whig politician.Heneage was the son of George Robert Heneage and his wife Frances Anne Ainslie.... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
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| 1852 United Kingdom general election, 1852 The July 1852 United Kingdom general election was a watershed election in the formation of the modern political parties of Britain. Following 1852, the Tory/Conservative party became, more completely, the party of the rural aristocracy, while the Whig/Liberal party became the party of the rising... |
The Earl Annesley William Annesley, 4th Earl Annesley William Richard Annesley, 4th Earl Annesley , styled Viscount Glerawley until 1838, was an Irish-born British Conservative politician.-Background:... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1857 United Kingdom general election, 1857 -Seats summary:-References:*F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987* British Electoral Facts 1832-1999, compiled and edited by Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher *... |
Lord Worsley Charles Anderson-Pelham, 3rd Earl of Yarborough Charles Anderson-Pelham, 3rd Earl of Yarborough , known as Lord Worsley from 1846 to 1852, was a British peer.... |
Whig British Whig Party The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule... |
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| 1859 United Kingdom general election, 1859 In the 1859 United Kingdom general election, the Whigs, led by Lord Palmerston, held their majority in the House of Commons over the Earl of Derby's Conservatives... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1862 by-election | John Chapman John Chapman (1810–1877) John Chapman DL, JP was a British Conservative Party politician who served for two three-year terms as the Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby.... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1865 United Kingdom general election, 1865 The 1865 United Kingdom general election saw the Liberals, led by Lord Palmerston, increase their large majority over the Earl of Derby's Conservatives to more than 80. The Whig Party changed its name to the Liberal Party between the previous election and this one.Palmerston died later in the same... |
John Fildes John Fildes John Fildes was a British businessman and Liberal Party politician.Fildes was a director of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
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| 1868 United Kingdom general election, 1868 The 1868 United Kingdom general election was the first after passage of the Reform Act 1867, which enfranchised many male householders, thus greatly increasing the number of men who could vote in elections in the United Kingdom... |
George Tomline | Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
|
| 1874 United Kingdom general election, 1874 -Seats summary:-References:* F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987* British Electoral Facts 1832-1999, compiled and edited by Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher *... |
John Chapman John Chapman (1810–1877) John Chapman DL, JP was a British Conservative Party politician who served for two three-year terms as the Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby.... |
Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
|
| 1877 by-election | Alfred Watkin | Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
|
| 1880 United Kingdom general election, 1880 -Seats summary:-References:*F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987* British Electoral Facts 1832-1999, compiled and edited by Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher *... |
Edward Heneage Edward Heneage, 1st Baron Heneage Edward Heneage, 1st Baron Heneage PC, JP, DL was a British Liberal and Liberal Unionist politician. He was briefly Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster under William Ewart Gladstone between February and April 1886, when he broke with Gladstone over Irish Home Rule and joined the Liberal... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
|
| 1886 | Liberal Unionist Liberal Unionist Party The Liberal Unionist Party was a British political party that was formed in 1886 by a faction that broke away from the Liberal Party. Led by Lord Hartington and Joseph Chamberlain, the party formed a political alliance with the Conservative Party in opposition to Irish Home Rule... |
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| 1892 United Kingdom general election, 1892 The 1892 United Kingdom general election was held from 4 July to 26 July 1892. It saw the Conservatives, led by Lord Salisbury, win the greatest number of seats, but not enough for an overall majority as William Ewart Gladstone's Liberals won many more seats than in the 1886 general election... |
Henri Josse Henri Josse Henri Josse was a British politician. He was elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby in 1892, resigning in 1893 by becoming Steward of the Manor of Northstead.-References:... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
|
| 1893 by-election | Edward Heneage Edward Heneage, 1st Baron Heneage Edward Heneage, 1st Baron Heneage PC, JP, DL was a British Liberal and Liberal Unionist politician. He was briefly Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster under William Ewart Gladstone between February and April 1886, when he broke with Gladstone over Irish Home Rule and joined the Liberal... |
Liberal Unionist Liberal Unionist Party The Liberal Unionist Party was a British political party that was formed in 1886 by a faction that broke away from the Liberal Party. Led by Lord Hartington and Joseph Chamberlain, the party formed a political alliance with the Conservative Party in opposition to Irish Home Rule... |
|
| 1895 United Kingdom general election, 1895 The United Kingdom general election of 1895 was held from 13 July - 7 August 1895. It was won by the Conservatives led by Lord Salisbury who formed an alliance with the Liberal Unionist Party and had a large majority over the Liberals, led by Lord Rosebery... |
Sir George Doughty George Doughty Sir George Doughty was a British ship-owner and politician from Grimsby in Lincolnshire. He sat in the House of Commons for most of the period from 1895 to 1914.Doughty was the son William Doughty from Grimsby... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
|
| 1898 by-election | Liberal Unionist | ||
| Jan 1910 | Thomas Edward Wing Thomas Edward Wing Thomas Edward Wing was a Liberal Party politician in the United Kingdom.He was elected at the January 1910 general election as Member of Parliament for Grimsby, but lost that seat at the general election in December 1910.He was returned to Parliament as MP for Houghton-le-Spring in County Durham... |
Liberal Liberal Party (UK) The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties of the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a third party of negligible importance throughout the latter half of the 20th Century, before merging with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to form the present day... |
|
| Dec 1910 | Sir George Doughty George Doughty Sir George Doughty was a British ship-owner and politician from Grimsby in Lincolnshire. He sat in the House of Commons for most of the period from 1895 to 1914.Doughty was the son William Doughty from Grimsby... |
Liberal Unionist | |
| 1914 by-election | Thomas George Tickler | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
|
| 1922 United Kingdom general election, 1922 The United Kingdom general election of 1922 was held on 15 November 1922. It was the first election held after most of the Irish counties left the United Kingdom to form the Irish Free State, and was won by Andrew Bonar Law's Conservatives, who gained an overall majority over Labour, led by John... |
Tom Sutcliffe | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
|
| 1924 United Kingdom general election, 1924 - Seats summary :- References :* F. W. S. Craig, British Electoral Facts: 1832-1987* - External links :* * *... |
Sir Walter Womersley | Conservative Conservative Party (UK) The Conservative Party, formally the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism. It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House... |
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| 1945 United Kingdom general election, 1945 The United Kingdom general election of 1945 was a general election held on 5 July 1945, with polls in some constituencies delayed until 12 July and in Nelson and Colne until 19 July, due to local wakes weeks. The results were counted and declared on 26 July, due in part to the time it took to... |
Kenneth Younger Kenneth Younger Sir Kenneth Gilmour Younger KBE was a British Labour politician and barrister who served in junior government posts during the Attlee government and was an opposition spokesman under Hugh Gaitskell but retired from Parliament early, disillusioned by party politics.-Family:Younger was the son of... |
Labour Labour Party (UK) The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after... |
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| 1959 United Kingdom general election, 1959 This United Kingdom general election was held on 8 October 1959. It marked a third successive victory for the ruling Conservative Party, led by Harold Macmillan... |
Tony Crosland | Labour Labour Party (UK) The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after... |
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| 1977 by-election Great Grimsby by-election, 1977 There was a by-election for the Great Grimsby in 1977.It was caused by the death of Anthony Crosland, and was retained for Labour by Austin Mitchell.It took place on the same day as the dramatic Labour defeat in Ashfield.-External links:... |
Austin Mitchell Austin Mitchell Austin Vernon Mitchell is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby since a 1977 by-election.-Education and early life:... |
Labour Labour Party (UK) The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after... |
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Elections in the 2010s
Elections in the 2000s
Elections in the 1990s
Elections in the 1980s
Sources
- Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) http://books.google.com/books?vid=024wW9LmFc5kXY0FI2&id=Gh2wKY2rkDUC&printsec=toc&dq=Return+of+Members+of+Parliament&as_brr=1&sig=SK5GVtGLfWQ9ovZDbyZObAyIO5I#PPP9,M1
- Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) http://www2.odl.ox.ac.uk/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=p-000-00---0modhis06--00-0-0-0prompt-10---4------0-1l--1-en-50---20-about---00001-001-1-1isoZz-8859Zz-1-0&a=d&cl=CL1
- F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
- Peter Jupp, British and Irish Elections 1784-1831 (Newton Abbott: David & Charles, 1973)
- T H B Oldfield, The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland (London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1816)
- Edward Porritt and Annie G Porritt, The Unreformed House of Commons (Cambridge University Press, 1903)
- J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
- Robert Walcott, English Politics in the Early Eighteenth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956)
- Frederic A Youngs, jr, Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol II (London: Royal Historical SocietyRoyal Historical SocietyThe Royal Historical Society was founded in 1868. The premier society in the United Kingdom which promotes and defends the scholarly study of the past, it is based at University College London...
, 1991)