Gregers Winther Wulfsberg Gram
Encyclopedia
Gregers Winther Wulfsberg Gram (10 December 1846 – 1 August 1929) was a Norwegian jurist
and politician, and international arbitrator
. He was a Supreme Court
Assessor
, Norwegian Prime Minister in Stockholm from 1889 to 1891 and from 1893 to 1898 and County Governor
from 1898 to 1915.
as the son of district stipendiary magistrate Paul James Reinhold Harald Gram (1818–1900) and Jensine Sophie Wulfsberg (1810–1902). He was a grandson of Jens Jensen Gram
and Gregers Winther Wulfsberg
, and a first cousin of Jens Gram
.
In August 1878 he married Antoinette Augusta Brodtkorb (1857–1938). He was the father of politician Harald Gram
(1887–1961) and through him the grandfather of resistance fighter Gregers Winther Wulfsberg Gram
(1917–1944). His daughter Ida Fredrikke married diplomatist Johan Wollebæk
.
in 1864, and the cand.jur.
degree in 1869. He worked in France and in the Norwegian Ministry of Justice
, but then left Norway for some years. He worked as a jurist in Egypt, in Ismailia
from 1875 to 1882, and later in Alexandria
. Back in Norway he was a Supreme Court
Assessor
from 1884.
Gram belonged to the Conservative Party
. When the first cabinet Stang
assumed office in 1889, Gram was appointed Norwegian Prime Minister in Stockholm by Prime Minister
Emil Stang
. He served this position until the resign of Stang's government in 1891. He was again Prime Minister in Stockholm during Stang's government
from 1893. By 1895 this government had become weak due to internal conflicts. Gram was the architect of a new cabinet with Francis Hagerup
as Prime Minister. This lasted from 1895 to 1898, but was unseated following the 1898 general election. During his last two tenures as Prime Minister in Stockholm, Gram had taken a moderate stance towards the union between Sweden and Norway
, which many wanted to abolish. When a referendum was held on the dissolution of the union in 1905, Gram is believed to have voted against it, though this view was outnumbered 368,392 to 184.
After ending his political career he was County Governor
of Hedmark from 1898 to 1915. He had declined several offers of ambassador positions during his career. Gram also served as a member of the arbitration tribunal in several international conflicts. He was a member of the Institut de Droit International
from 1904, a board member from 1906 to 1910 and an honorary member from 1925. For his arbitration work he received the Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1893. He died in August 1929 in Vestre Aker
, and is buried at Vestre gravlund
.
Jurist
A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage...
and politician, and international arbitrator
International arbitration
International arbitration is a leading method for resolving disputes arising from international commercial agreements and other international relationships...
. He was a Supreme Court
Supreme Court of Norway
The Supreme Court of Norway was established in 1815 on the basis of the Constitution of Norway's §88, prescribing an independent judiciary. It is located in Oslo and is Norway's highest court...
Assessor
Assessor (law)
In some jurisdictions, an assessor is a judge's or magistrate's assistant. This is in fact the historical meaning of this word.-By country:In Denmark, it was the former title given to Supreme Court judges. Today the title is given to Deputy Judges...
, Norwegian Prime Minister in Stockholm from 1889 to 1891 and from 1893 to 1898 and County Governor
County Governor
County Governor is a Norwegian government agency represented in 18 of the Norwegian counties responsible for a number of supervision and management duties. The Governor is the representative of the King and Government of Norway in each county, functioning as the connection between the state and...
from 1898 to 1915.
Personal life
Gram was born in MossMoss
Mosses are small, soft plants that are typically 1–10 cm tall, though some species are much larger. They commonly grow close together in clumps or mats in damp or shady locations. They do not have flowers or seeds, and their simple leaves cover the thin wiry stems...
as the son of district stipendiary magistrate Paul James Reinhold Harald Gram (1818–1900) and Jensine Sophie Wulfsberg (1810–1902). He was a grandson of Jens Jensen Gram
Jens Jensen Gram
Jens Jensen Gram was a Norwegian jurist and politician.He was born in Copenhagen as the son of Jens Gram. He studied at the University of Copenhagen from 1798, and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1804...
and Gregers Winther Wulfsberg
Gregers Winther Wulfsberg
Gregers Winther Wulfsberg was a Norwegian jurist and politician, and a member of the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll that wrote the Constitution of Norway on May 17, 1814.-Personal life:...
, and a first cousin of Jens Gram
Jens Gram
-Personal life:He was born in Ask as a son of Johan Georg Boll Gram and Fredrikke Severine Mathea Stabell. He was a brother of Andrea Gram, grandson of Jens Jensen Gram and a first cousin of Gregers Winther Wulfsberg Gram. Through his sister Nicoline he was a brother-in-law of Eilif Peterssen.In...
.
In August 1878 he married Antoinette Augusta Brodtkorb (1857–1938). He was the father of politician Harald Gram
Harald Gram
Harald Gram was a Norwegian jurist, politician and genealogist. He was secretary general for the Conservative Party of Norway for 22 years, deputy mayor of Aker, member of Parliament from 1928 to 1936, and stipendiary magistrate in Oslo from 1936 to 1957...
(1887–1961) and through him the grandfather of resistance fighter Gregers Winther Wulfsberg Gram
Gregers Gram
Gregers Winther Wulfsberg Gram MC MM was a Norwegian resistance fighter and saboteur. A corporal and later second lieutenant in the Norwegian Independent Company 1 during the Second World War, he was killed in 1944....
(1917–1944). His daughter Ida Fredrikke married diplomatist Johan Wollebæk
Johan Wollebæk
Johan Herman Wollebæk was a Norwegian jurist and diplomatist. He worked with international law, and is known for his time as leader of the Norwegian legation in Stockholm from 1921 to October 1940, a period which includes the early phase of the World War II.-Personal life:He was born in Lier as...
.
Career
Gram took his examen artiumExamen artium
Examen artium was the name of the academic certification conferred in Denmark and Norway, qualifying the student for admission to university studies. Examen artium was originally introduced as the entrance exam of the University of Copenhagen in 1630...
in 1864, and the cand.jur.
Candidate of Law
Candidate of Law is the degree awarded to jurists who have passed the law exam in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland after studying law for about 5–6 years....
degree in 1869. He worked in France and in the Norwegian Ministry of Justice
Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police is a Norwegian government ministry in charge of justice, police and domestic intelligence. The main purpose of the Ministry is to provide for the maintenance and development of the basic guarantees of the rule of law...
, but then left Norway for some years. He worked as a jurist in Egypt, in Ismailia
Ismaïlia
-Notable natives:*Osman Ahmed Osman, a famous and influential Egyptian engineer, contractor, entrepreneur, and politician, was born in this town on 6 April 1917....
from 1875 to 1882, and later in Alexandria
Alexandria
Alexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...
. Back in Norway he was a Supreme Court
Supreme Court of Norway
The Supreme Court of Norway was established in 1815 on the basis of the Constitution of Norway's §88, prescribing an independent judiciary. It is located in Oslo and is Norway's highest court...
Assessor
Assessor (law)
In some jurisdictions, an assessor is a judge's or magistrate's assistant. This is in fact the historical meaning of this word.-By country:In Denmark, it was the former title given to Supreme Court judges. Today the title is given to Deputy Judges...
from 1884.
Gram belonged to the Conservative Party
Conservative Party of Norway
The Conservative Party is a Norwegian political party. The current leader is Erna Solberg. The party was since the 1920s consistently the second largest party in Norway, but has been surpassed by the growth of the Progress Party in the late 1990s and 2000s...
. When the first cabinet Stang
First cabinet Stang
The Stang's First Cabinet governed Norway between 13 July 1889 and 6 March 1891. It was led by Emil Stang and is one of two Conservative Party-only cabinets ever in Norway, the other being Willoch's First Cabinet from 1981 to 1983. It had the following composition:-Cabinet members:-State...
assumed office in 1889, Gram was appointed Norwegian Prime Minister in Stockholm by Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Norway
The Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...
Emil Stang
Emil Stang
Emil Stang was a Norwegian jurist and politician. He became Prime Minister of Norway and was the first chairman of the Conservative Party....
. He served this position until the resign of Stang's government in 1891. He was again Prime Minister in Stockholm during Stang's government
Second cabinet Stang
The Stang's Second Cabinet governed Norway between 2 May 1893 and 14 October 1895. It had the following composition:-Cabinet members:-State Secretary:...
from 1893. By 1895 this government had become weak due to internal conflicts. Gram was the architect of a new cabinet with Francis Hagerup
Francis Hagerup
George Francis Hagerup was a Norwegian lawyer, diplomat and politician for the Conservative Party. He was Prime Minister of Norway from 14 October 1895 to 17 February 1898 and from 22 October 1903 to 11 March 1905.Francis Hagerup grew up in Trondheim...
as Prime Minister. This lasted from 1895 to 1898, but was unseated following the 1898 general election. During his last two tenures as Prime Minister in Stockholm, Gram had taken a moderate stance towards the union between Sweden and Norway
Union between Sweden and Norway
The Union between Sweden and Norway , officially the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, consisted of present-day Sweden and Norway between 1814 and 1905, when they were united under one monarch in a personal union....
, which many wanted to abolish. When a referendum was held on the dissolution of the union in 1905, Gram is believed to have voted against it, though this view was outnumbered 368,392 to 184.
After ending his political career he was County Governor
County Governor
County Governor is a Norwegian government agency represented in 18 of the Norwegian counties responsible for a number of supervision and management duties. The Governor is the representative of the King and Government of Norway in each county, functioning as the connection between the state and...
of Hedmark from 1898 to 1915. He had declined several offers of ambassador positions during his career. Gram also served as a member of the arbitration tribunal in several international conflicts. He was a member of the Institut de Droit International
Institut de droit international
The Institut de droit international is an organization devoted to the study and development of international law, whose membership comprises the world's leading public international lawyers...
from 1904, a board member from 1906 to 1910 and an honorary member from 1925. For his arbitration work he received the Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1893. He died in August 1929 in Vestre Aker
Vestre Aker
Vestre Aker is a borough of the city of Oslo, Norway.The previous municipality Aker was merged into the city of Oslo in 1948.The borough of Vestre Aker was organized as part of the 1 January 2004 reform. Previous boroughs...
, and is buried at Vestre gravlund
Vestre gravlund
Vestre gravlund is a cemetery in the Frogner borough of Oslo, Norway, located next to the Borgen metro station. At , it is the largest cemetery in Norway...
.