The grzywna was a measure of weight, mainly for gold and silver, commonly used throughout medieval central Europe, in particular Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

, Bohemia

Bohemia

Bohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague...

 and the Rus

Rus' (region)

Rus' is an ethno-cultural region in Eastern Europe inhabited by Eastern Slavs. Historically, it comprises the northern part of Ukraine, the north-western part of Russia, Belarus and some eastern parts of Poland and Slovakia.The name comes from Old East Slavic , and remains the same in modern...

 lands. Grzywna was also a unit of measure of a unit of exchange, and as such used as money. There were several different grzywnas such as the Kulm grzywna, Krakow

Kraków

Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...

 grzywna or Novgorod grivna. It was roughly equivalent to the western mark. One grzywna was equal to one half of a pound.

The Krakow grzywna, used in Poland, weighed anywhere from 196.26 g to 201.86g, depending on the timeframe. In the 14th century, it was equal to 196.26 g, while in the beginning of the 16th century in weighed 197.684 g, but after 1558 it was equivalent to 201.802 g and after 1650 it was 201.86g.

The Krakow grzywna was subdivided thus: 4 wiardunek

Wiardunek

The Wiardunek was a medieval central European unit of mass most widely used in Poland and Germany. Wiardunek was also used as a unit of account and as a such as money.As unit of mass:1 wiardunek = 1/4 grzywna1 wiardunek = 4 ounces...

s or quarters = 8 ounces = 16 dram

Dram (unit)

The dram was historically both a coin and a weight. Currently it is both a small mass in the Apothecaries' system of weights and a small unit of volume...

s = 24 skojec

Skojec

Skojec was a medieval central European unit of account as well as a unit of mass. It was also used as a unit of currency. 1 skojec was equal to 1/24 of a grzywna.1 skojec = 30 pfennigs1 wiardunek = 6 skojecs1 skojec = 2 groschen...

s = 96 grains = 240 denarii = 480 Obols

Obolus

The obol was an ancient silver coin. In Classical Athens, there were six obols to the drachma, lioterally "handful"; it could be excahnged for eight chalkoi...

As a measure of unit of exchange, the Krakow grzywna was equal to 48 Prague groschen. During the rule of Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high

Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high

Władysław the Short or Elbow-high , was a King of Poland. He was a Duke until 1300, and Prince of Kraków from 1305 until his coronation as King on 20 January 1320...

 576 denarii were struck from one Krakow grzywna of silver

Silver

Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal...

. During the rule of his son Casimir the Great, 768 denarii were struck from it and during the reign of Władysław II Jagiełło, it was 864 denarii.