Guite
Encyclopedia
For other uses of the name "Guite" outside of this family group, see Guite (disambiguation)
.
Guite is the name of a major family-group among the Zomi
(s), also known as Chins in Myanmar (Burma) and Paite
in India
. Depending on local pronunciation, the clan was also called differently such as Nguite, Vuite, and was also recorded even as Gwete, Gwite, Nwite. In accord with the claim of their solar origin, the Guite clan has been called nampi, meaning noble or major or even dominant people, of the region in local dialect in the past.
(s) still gives a promise of possibility for further historical research to the one who would be interested. In fact, in the local society, a proverb is said that says:
Ni Gui. A renowned Guite prince, who, according to oral tradition, was said to formulate most of traditional rites and cultural practices (i.e., tributary system, festive songs and lyrics, religio-social festivals, social family system, etc.) that some of them are still in practice in present northern Chin State of Myanmar and present Lamka
(Churachandpur
or even New Lamka
) area of Manipuri India.
Gui Mang I. The prince who organized the Ciimnuai (Chiimnuai, Chinwe) city-state that its remainings can still be collected at nearby present village of Saizang, Tedim
township. Further, the following folksong was ascribed to be a composed of Prince Gui Mang:
Mang Suum I. The eldest son of Gui Mang I, who divided the land into three major regions—the upper region tuilu (Guava) under his yongest brother Nak Sau (or Kul Lai), the lower region tuitaw (Vangteh
via Tawizawi) under his yonger brother Kul Gen and the central region (Ciimnuai) under his suzerainty. This is the beginning of the attribution of Mual thum kampau Guite Mang to the Guite family, meaning the supreme ruling clan of the three-mountains-region, which are the Ciim Taang (central Ciim mountain region), the Khum Taang (south-eastern Khum mountain region), and the Len Taang (north-western Len mountain region). The legend of this division is still remembered with a folktale related to following folksong:
Further, there are also another existing poetic song retained in Vangteh chronicle that marked this land division:
as his political center, began extending Guite's dynastic rule to the south (tuitaw) and westward crossing the Manipur river, and also was well documented in the oral tradition
s of other tribes also. The birth-story of Prince Gen Dong was behind a popular nursery rhyme that is still in use in several local places, such as Vangteh
, Saizang, Kaptel, etc. The rhyme, as originally composed by Prince Mang Suum, is as following:
Mang Kiim. A capable prince from Vangteh, who travelled more than fifty three towns and villages, making sacred rites, called Uisiang-at in native language, in claiming of Guite's dynastic rule and guardianship of the land as Priestly King.
Pau Hau. A powerful Guite prince from Vangteh
, who was known as the one who went down to Chittagong (present Bangladesh) to learn gunpower and as the first person to use it in the region. Under his leadership, Vangteh became the capital of seven princes, therefore known as the center of "Hausa sagih leh tuangdung dawh sagih," meaning seven princes and seven courts.
Tun Kam. A contemporary of Pau Hau and a Guite prince from Vangteh but more known as Prince of Tualphai, who is a member of seven princes of Vangteh
and also a member of the Association of Nine Lords in the then Tedim region.
with the accompaniment of other tribes such as Gangte, Vaiphei, and probably others collectively identified as Simte (people from lower region). The name was said derived from a sprinkling light of the pool called Vansaangdim under bright sunlight. Therefore, is called TE, meaning "bright shining," and DIM, meaning "sprinkling, twinkling, and so even likely celebrating."
Pum Go. The prince who restated his capital from Lamzang to Tedim
. A folksong, said to be composed by him in commemoration of the festival of Ton, is still sung in the region as following:
. A powerful prince from Mualpi, also known as Goukhothang or even Go Khua Thang. He is the only Zomi prince whom the neighbouring Meitei (Manipur
) Kingdom ever acknowledged as Raja
(or Ningthou
in Metei language). His powerful dominion spread over more than 70 cities, towns, and villages.
He, along with his contemporary, Kamhau, defeated the Meitei Raja on several occasions. Kamhau is another popular name in ZO history. Kamhau respected and held the Guites in high regard. Although a powerful ruler himself, he is said to be many paces behind Goukhothang in bravery, skill, tact and diplomacy. In fact, the Zomis of that time were all under the Guite banner, one way or the other.
Suum Kam. Son of Raja Goukhothang is another powerful Guite prince. He made a peace-treaty called Treaty of Sanjenthong with Maharaja Chandrakirti on 11 March 1875, marking the boundary of the Guites and the Meiteis at the present Moirang
of Manipur, covenanted the non-interference between the Guites and the Meiteis but friendship, and promised to betroth a Meitei princess to the house of Prince Suum Kam in securing peace (see, the ending part of Raja Goukhothang Documentary video). In commemoration of this treaty, Suum Kam composed a poetic song as following:
(later shifted to Mualpi or Molpi until last camp at Hanship in present Churachandpur
(Lamka
) District of Manipur
), Tuimui, Selbung, Haiciin, and Vangteh
were the most prominent places. Due to geographical distance, and as times passed by, of course, there are several minor differences of the chronicles retained in each places as provided below for comparison.
Guite (disambiguation)
-People:* Ben Guite , Canadian ice hockey player* Charles Guité , former Canadian civil servant who was in charge of the federal sponsorship program from 1996 to 1999...
.
Guite is the name of a major family-group among the Zomi
Zomi
Zomi is the name of a major tribe found in various parts of South and South East Asia. The term Zomi meaning, 'Zo People' is derived from the generic name 'Zo', the progenitor of the Zomi. They are found in northwestern Myanmar, northeastern India and Bangladesh. Anthropologists classify them as...
(s), also known as Chins in Myanmar (Burma) and Paite
Paite
The Paites are one of the constituting tribes of the Zomi who inhabit Burma, India and Bangladesh. The word paite means " a group of people marching " or 'Walkers' in a word,. The Paites are a recognised scheduled tribe in Manipur as well as in Mizoram. The Paites concentrated in Manipur, a...
in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. Depending on local pronunciation, the clan was also called differently such as Nguite, Vuite, and was also recorded even as Gwete, Gwite, Nwite. In accord with the claim of their solar origin, the Guite clan has been called nampi, meaning noble or major or even dominant people, of the region in local dialect in the past.
History and legend
Nothing except the absence of formal writing system must always be the first to blame in tracing back of the history of this archaic society. However, the existence of oral traditionOral tradition
Oral tradition and oral lore is cultural material and traditions transmitted orally from one generation to another. The messages or testimony are verbally transmitted in speech or song and may take the form, for example, of folktales, sayings, ballads, songs, or chants...
(s) still gives a promise of possibility for further historical research to the one who would be interested. In fact, in the local society, a proverb is said that says:
-
- La in thu hi aa, Thu in la zong hi [Local Saying]
- (Meaning)
- Songs (in reference to ancient poetic song, folk song, and even poetic incantation, etc.) conveys truth and truth is in songs.
Adoption of the name
The name Guite is a direct derivation of the name of the progenitor of the family, known as Guite the Great (see, following genealogical charts), whose mysterious birth was, according to oral tradition, related to the Sun. Therefore, in order to reflect this solar relationship (i.e., "ni gui" meaning the ray of the Sun), the name "Guite" is said given at his birth by his father, Songthu, also known as Prince of Aisan. Further, in reference to this noble birth, a local proverb was circulated that is still known in the region. The proverb says:-
- Nampi' ta ni in zong siam [Local Proverb, c. 12th cent.]
- (Meaning)
- Even the Sun bless the noble birth.
Ciimnuai generation
Ton Lun. Being known as the first to celebrate the festival of Ton, therefore, was traditionally known as Ton Mang, meaning the Master/Lord of Ton (cf., name of his grandson in genealogical chart).Ni Gui. A renowned Guite prince, who, according to oral tradition, was said to formulate most of traditional rites and cultural practices (i.e., tributary system, festive songs and lyrics, religio-social festivals, social family system, etc.) that some of them are still in practice in present northern Chin State of Myanmar and present Lamka
Lamka
Lamka is the second largest town of the Manipur State of India, next to Imphal. It is in Churachandpur district. Lamka has its name from the word "Lam" which means path or way and "ka" means junction. The name Lamka in short means a place situated at the road junction. "Due to its commercial...
(Churachandpur
Churachandpur
Churachandpur is the largest district in the Indian state of Manipur.- Origin of Churachandpur on the bank of Khuga :Located southwest of Manipur, Churachandpur District covers an area of 4570 km² and is the largest district within the state of Manipur. The terrain of the district is mainly...
or even New Lamka
New Lamka
New Lamka is a residential colony of Lamka town in Churachandpur district, Manipur, India. It is located on the southern fringe of Lamka Town about a kilometer south of the civic centre.-History:...
) area of Manipuri India.
Gui Mang I. The prince who organized the Ciimnuai (Chiimnuai, Chinwe) city-state that its remainings can still be collected at nearby present village of Saizang, Tedim
Tedim
Tedim is a town in Chin State in the northwestern part of Myanmar. The name "Tedim" was derived from a pool on the top of the hills that used to be twinkling under sun's light, therefore, called "te " and "dim " in local Paite dialect.-Early history:As a result of lack of a formal writing system...
township. Further, the following folksong was ascribed to be a composed of Prince Gui Mang:
-
- Mang ii tusuan kil bang hong khang ing, Zaang aa pehsik gawm ing;
- Khuakiim aa mi siahseu in kai ing, ka khua Ciimtui tungah ka vang kaammei awi sang sa zaw ee [G. Mang, c. AD. 1300]
- (Translation)
- I, the royal descendant, has grown up like a three, bringing irons and coppers from the plain;
- Collecting taxes and tributes from around, my fame and reputation been even more than wild fire.
Mang Suum I. The eldest son of Gui Mang I, who divided the land into three major regions—the upper region tuilu (Guava) under his yongest brother Nak Sau (or Kul Lai), the lower region tuitaw (Vangteh
Vangteh
Vangte or Vangteh is a large village in southern Tedim Township, Falam District, Chin State, in Burma . Vangteh is also the name of the village tract where Vangte lies.-Name:...
via Tawizawi) under his yonger brother Kul Gen and the central region (Ciimnuai) under his suzerainty. This is the beginning of the attribution of Mual thum kampau Guite Mang to the Guite family, meaning the supreme ruling clan of the three-mountains-region, which are the Ciim Taang (central Ciim mountain region), the Khum Taang (south-eastern Khum mountain region), and the Len Taang (north-western Len mountain region). The legend of this division is still remembered with a folktale related to following folksong:
-
- Tuilu aa pai ni leh kha siam, tuitaw aa pai simzawng vontawi dawnto peeng mawh [Interpretation of Prince Nak Sau of a mythical bird that was said singing this song while three princes were making discussion and divination at the place called Nakhuzaang, c. AD 14th cent.]
- (Translation)
- To go up to the upper river is to be blessed by the sun and the moon; to go down to the lower river is to be poor but would have wine.
Further, there are also another existing poetic song retained in Vangteh chronicle that marked this land division:
-
- Ciim leh Tawi tui a ih maankhawm in, ning leh ai-sa in kizawituah ang;
- Tuu bang suanh dang in ki-el lo-in, phung Gui ni nuai-ah kibawmtuah ang [M. Suum I & K. Gen, c. 1400].
- (Translation):
- As long as the people of Ciim (short form for Ciimnuai) and people of Tawi (short form for Tawizawi) reign or prosper, let us maintain our fellowship banquet, a banquet of wine and meat;
- Let our offspring not go against each other but let us join together under the name of solar Gui family.
Vangteh generation
Gen Dong. Making VangtehVangteh
Vangte or Vangteh is a large village in southern Tedim Township, Falam District, Chin State, in Burma . Vangteh is also the name of the village tract where Vangte lies.-Name:...
as his political center, began extending Guite's dynastic rule to the south (tuitaw) and westward crossing the Manipur river, and also was well documented in the oral tradition
Oral tradition
Oral tradition and oral lore is cultural material and traditions transmitted orally from one generation to another. The messages or testimony are verbally transmitted in speech or song and may take the form, for example, of folktales, sayings, ballads, songs, or chants...
s of other tribes also. The birth-story of Prince Gen Dong was behind a popular nursery rhyme that is still in use in several local places, such as Vangteh
Vangteh
Vangte or Vangteh is a large village in southern Tedim Township, Falam District, Chin State, in Burma . Vangteh is also the name of the village tract where Vangte lies.-Name:...
, Saizang, Kaptel, etc. The rhyme, as originally composed by Prince Mang Suum, is as following:
-
- Ka nau aw ee, Gen Dong aw, Ciimnuai dongah Gen dong aw [M. Suum I, c. 1400].
- (Translation):
- My little baby, named Gen Dong (meaning Gen is asking or taking counsel), that Gen (reference to Kul Gen) has asked of me to far Ciimnuai in showing of his respect.
Mang Kiim. A capable prince from Vangteh, who travelled more than fifty three towns and villages, making sacred rites, called Uisiang-at in native language, in claiming of Guite's dynastic rule and guardianship of the land as Priestly King.
Pau Hau. A powerful Guite prince from Vangteh
Vangteh
Vangte or Vangteh is a large village in southern Tedim Township, Falam District, Chin State, in Burma . Vangteh is also the name of the village tract where Vangte lies.-Name:...
, who was known as the one who went down to Chittagong (present Bangladesh) to learn gunpower and as the first person to use it in the region. Under his leadership, Vangteh became the capital of seven princes, therefore known as the center of "Hausa sagih leh tuangdung dawh sagih," meaning seven princes and seven courts.
Tun Kam. A contemporary of Pau Hau and a Guite prince from Vangteh but more known as Prince of Tualphai, who is a member of seven princes of Vangteh
Vangteh
Vangte or Vangteh is a large village in southern Tedim Township, Falam District, Chin State, in Burma . Vangteh is also the name of the village tract where Vangte lies.-Name:...
and also a member of the Association of Nine Lords in the then Tedim region.
Tedim-Lamzang generation
Gui Mang II. The prince who was said to be the first to found present TedimTedim
Tedim is a town in Chin State in the northwestern part of Myanmar. The name "Tedim" was derived from a pool on the top of the hills that used to be twinkling under sun's light, therefore, called "te " and "dim " in local Paite dialect.-Early history:As a result of lack of a formal writing system...
with the accompaniment of other tribes such as Gangte, Vaiphei, and probably others collectively identified as Simte (people from lower region). The name was said derived from a sprinkling light of the pool called Vansaangdim under bright sunlight. Therefore, is called TE, meaning "bright shining," and DIM, meaning "sprinkling, twinkling, and so even likely celebrating."
Pum Go. The prince who restated his capital from Lamzang to Tedim
Tedim
Tedim is a town in Chin State in the northwestern part of Myanmar. The name "Tedim" was derived from a pool on the top of the hills that used to be twinkling under sun's light, therefore, called "te " and "dim " in local Paite dialect.-Early history:As a result of lack of a formal writing system...
. A folksong, said to be composed by him in commemoration of the festival of Ton, is still sung in the region as following:
-
- Dimtui vangkhua khuamun nuam aw, sial leh sawm taang a tunna; Sial leh sawm taang a tunna, siingta'n lamh bang eng na ee;
- Taang silsial ee, taang silsial ee, Dimtui vangkhua taang silsial ee; Dimtui vangkhua taang silsial ee, kawi tawh laukha ka hualna hi ee [P. Go, c. AD. 1740]
- (Translation):
- Very comfortable place is my native Dimtui (a poetic attribution to TE DIM), where all my dreams fulfilled; Where all my dreams fulfilled, that everyone envies of my native;
- It's shining, yes, shining, my native Dimtui is shining modestly; My native Dimtui is shining modestly, where I made lasting vow to my beloved (dear wife).
Mualpi generation
Go Khaw ThangGokhothang
Gokhothang, Raja was a powerful prince from the noble Guite family of the so-called Zomi, also known as Chins in Myanmar and Paite in India. According to his documentary video presentation released in 2006, he was born in Tedim-Lamzang of present Chin State , one of the then political centers of...
. A powerful prince from Mualpi, also known as Goukhothang or even Go Khua Thang. He is the only Zomi prince whom the neighbouring Meitei (Manipur
Manipur
Manipur is a state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. Manipur is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west; it also borders Burma to the east. It covers an area of...
) Kingdom ever acknowledged as Raja
Raja
Raja is an Indian term for a monarch, or princely ruler of the Kshatriya varna...
(or Ningthou
Ningthou
Ningthou was a title used for the King of Manipur. The Ningthou was used to refer to the King after the reign of Pakhangba and was a title used up until King Pamheiba. The subsequent Bengalization undertaken by Pamheiba and Shantidas Adhikari changed the title of the King to Maharaja or Raja though...
in Metei language). His powerful dominion spread over more than 70 cities, towns, and villages.
He, along with his contemporary, Kamhau, defeated the Meitei Raja on several occasions. Kamhau is another popular name in ZO history. Kamhau respected and held the Guites in high regard. Although a powerful ruler himself, he is said to be many paces behind Goukhothang in bravery, skill, tact and diplomacy. In fact, the Zomis of that time were all under the Guite banner, one way or the other.
Suum Kam. Son of Raja Goukhothang is another powerful Guite prince. He made a peace-treaty called Treaty of Sanjenthong with Maharaja Chandrakirti on 11 March 1875, marking the boundary of the Guites and the Meiteis at the present Moirang
Moirang
Moirang is a city and a municipal council in Bishnupur district in the Indian state of Manipur.Moirang is a town situated in the north east of India, 45 km from Imphal, Manipur. The Moirang C.D. Block came into existence on 4 April 1985 with its headquarters at Moirang Khunou about 1.5 km...
of Manipur, covenanted the non-interference between the Guites and the Meiteis but friendship, and promised to betroth a Meitei princess to the house of Prince Suum Kam in securing peace (see, the ending part of Raja Goukhothang Documentary video). In commemoration of this treaty, Suum Kam composed a poetic song as following:
-
- Tuan a pupa leh Khang vaimangte' tongchiamna Kaangtui minthang aw,
- Penlehpi leh Kaangtui minthang, A tua Zota kual hi ee [S. Kam, 1875]
- (Translation):
- The famous crystal water, where forefathers and Indian kings (a reference to MaharajaMaharajaMahārāja is a Sanskrit title for a "great king" or "high king". The female equivalent title Maharani denotes either the wife of a Maharaja or, in states where that was customary, a woman ruling in her own right. The widow of a Maharaja is known as a Rajamata...
of ManipurManipurManipur is a state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. Manipur is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west; it also borders Burma to the east. It covers an area of...
) of lower region made a covenant, - The great sea and crystal water (a reference to Loktak LakeLoktak LakeLoktak Lake, the largest freshwater lake in India, also called the only Floating lake in the world due to the floating phumdis on it, is located near Moirang in Manipur state, India. The etymology of Loktak is Lok = "stream" and tak = "the end"...
), whereby is called to be the home of Zo descendants.
Genealogical Charts
Out of many political centers of the once Guite dynastic rule, Lamzang-TedimTedim
Tedim is a town in Chin State in the northwestern part of Myanmar. The name "Tedim" was derived from a pool on the top of the hills that used to be twinkling under sun's light, therefore, called "te " and "dim " in local Paite dialect.-Early history:As a result of lack of a formal writing system...
(later shifted to Mualpi or Molpi until last camp at Hanship in present Churachandpur
Churachandpur
Churachandpur is the largest district in the Indian state of Manipur.- Origin of Churachandpur on the bank of Khuga :Located southwest of Manipur, Churachandpur District covers an area of 4570 km² and is the largest district within the state of Manipur. The terrain of the district is mainly...
(Lamka
Lamka
Lamka is the second largest town of the Manipur State of India, next to Imphal. It is in Churachandpur district. Lamka has its name from the word "Lam" which means path or way and "ka" means junction. The name Lamka in short means a place situated at the road junction. "Due to its commercial...
) District of Manipur
Manipur
Manipur is a state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. Manipur is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west; it also borders Burma to the east. It covers an area of...
), Tuimui, Selbung, Haiciin, and Vangteh
Vangteh
Vangte or Vangteh is a large village in southern Tedim Township, Falam District, Chin State, in Burma . Vangteh is also the name of the village tract where Vangte lies.-Name:...
were the most prominent places. Due to geographical distance, and as times passed by, of course, there are several minor differences of the chronicles retained in each places as provided below for comparison.
Comparative chronicles: early period
| Tuimui Chro 1 (Thuamhang) |
Tuimui Chro 2 (Tualzacin) |
Seelbung Chro (Main entry) |
LK Lamka Lamka is the second largest town of the Manipur State of India, next to Imphal. It is in Churachandpur district. Lamka has its name from the word "Lam" which means path or way and "ka" means junction. The name Lamka in short means a place situated at the road junction. "Due to its commercial... -GMT (Lianzamang) |
Vangteh Vangteh Vangte or Vangteh is a large village in southern Tedim Township, Falam District, Chin State, in Burma . Vangteh is also the name of the village tract where Vangte lies.-Name:... Chro (Cf. Bapi/Tuimang) (PZS & KN) |
Place/Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GUITE | GUITE | GUITE | GUITE | GUITE | LC |
| Tuah Ciang | Tuah Ciang | Tuah Ciang | Tuah Ciang | x | – |
| Lam Lei | Lam Lei | Lam Lei | Lam Lei | x | – |
| x | x | x | Ciang Khua | x | – |
| x | Lei Mang | Lam Mang | Lei Mang | x | – |
| x | x | x | Mang Vum | x | – |
| Bawk Lu | Ngek Nguk | Ngek Nguk | Ngek Nguk | x | – |
| Ngek Nguk | Bawk Lu | Bawk Lu | Bawk Lu | x | – |
| x | x | x | Gui Sum | x | – |
| x | x | x | Mat Lun | x | – |
| Mang Pi | Mang Pi | Mang Pi | Mang Pi | x | – |
| x | x | x | Mang Lun | x | – |
| Ton Lun | Ton Lun | Ton Lun | Ton Lun | x | – |
| Go Vum | Go Vum | Go Vum | Go Vum | x | – |
| Ton Mang | Ton Mang | Ton Mang | Ton Mang | x | – |
| x | x | x | x | Ni Gui | c. AD. 13th cent. |
| Gui Gen | x | x | Gui Gen | Gui Gen | c. AD. late 13th cent. |
| Vui Mang | Vui Mang | Gui Mang | Gui Mang | Gui Mang | Ciimnuai |
| Mang Sum, Kul Gen | x | Gui Sum | x | MS, KG, Nak Sau | AD. early 15th cent. |
| Vum Sum | x | x | Vum Mang | Vum Mang (Gen Dong) | – |
Comparative rearrangements
| No. | KZT (1972) | No. | NLZ (1998) | Place/Time | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | GUITE | 1. | GUITE | Khualawi, present China | ||||
| 2. | Ni Gui | 2. | Tuah Ciang | – | ||||
| 3. | Gui Gen | 3. | Lam Lei, Hauzel, Dousel | – | ||||
| 4. | Gui Mang | 4. | Ciang Khua | – | ||||
| 5. | Mang Sum | Kul Gen | Nak Sau | 5. | Lei Mang, Ngaihte | – | ||
| 6. | Tuah Ciang | Gen Dong | no record | 6. | Mang Vum | – | ||
| 7. | Lam Lei | Mang Tawng | – | 7. | Bawk Lu | – | ||
| 8. | Bawk Lu | Mang Kiim | – | 8. | Ngek Nguk | – | ||
| 9. | Ngek Nguk | Go Phung | – | 9. | Gui Sum, Sailo(va) | – | ||
| 10. | Mang Pi | Za Mang | – | 10. | Mat Lun | – | ||
| 11. | Ton Lun | Man Pau | – | 11. | Mang Pi | – | ||
| 12. | Go Vum | Mang Pau | – | 12. | Mang Lun | – | ||
| 13. | Ton Mang | Kaih Mang | – | 13. | Ton Lun | Theizang, Kabaw Valley Kabaw Valley The Kabaw Valley is a highland valley in northern Burma , western Sagaing division. It is drained by the Mu River. The valley is the home of a number of ethnic minorities including the Zo, the Mizo, the Kadu and the Kanan.-History:... , AD 830 |
||
| 14. | Gui Mang | Hau Kai | – | 14. | Go Vum | |||
| 15. | Gui Vum | Mang Sel | – | 15. | Ton Mang | Old Ciimnuai, Kabaw Valley Kabaw Valley The Kabaw Valley is a highland valley in northern Burma , western Sagaing division. It is drained by the Mu River. The valley is the home of a number of ethnic minorities including the Zo, the Mizo, the Kadu and the Kanan.-History:... |
||
| 16. | Mang Pum | Kai Pum | – | 16. | Ni Gui | Old Taaksat, Kawlpi (Kalay) Valley | ||
| 17. | Vum Mang | Go Thawng | – | 17. | Gui Gen, Samte | – | ||
| 18. | Gui Lun | Pum Kam | – | 18. | Gui Mang | Ciimnuai | ||
| 19. | Thang Go | Thawng Do Cin | 19. | Mang Sum I | Kul Gen | Nak Sau (Kullai) | Land-Division within Guite Dy. | |
| 20. | Sum Mang | Kam Za Lian | 20. | Vum Mang | Gen Dong | Hang Khe-eng | PT-C, VT, Guava | |
| 21. | Pum Go | PG | 21. | Vum Sum | Mang Tawng, S. Niang (F) | Doe Lian | ||
| 22. | Mang Sum | 22. | Gui Mang II, Mangzil | Mang Kiim, Hangkhiap | Lian Kim | Tedim, VT, GV | ||
| 23. | Go Kho Thang | 23. | Gui Lun | Go Phung, Mantong, Tonglai | Tomcil, Kom Kiim (F), Tombu | Tedim, VT, Ciimnuai | ||
| 24. | Sum Kam | 24. | Thang Go | Za Mang | Vial Nang, Lodai | Lamzang, VT, Ngur | ||
| 25. | Thang Pau | 25. | Mang Pum, (Tonsing) | Ma-an Pau | Mang Thang | |||
| 26. | Kam Za Mang | 26. | Sum Mang | Mang Pau | (Gorkha) | |||
| 27. | Zangkolian | 27. | Pum Go | Kaih Mang, PHau, DMuang | Tedim, VT | |||
| 28. | Pau Min Thang | 28. | Mang Sum II | Hau Kai (Mang Phung) | Mualpi, VT | |||
| 29. | PG | 29. | Gokhothang Gokhothang Gokhothang, Raja was a powerful prince from the noble Guite family of the so-called Zomi, also known as Chins in Myanmar and Paite in India. According to his documentary video presentation released in 2006, he was born in Tedim-Lamzang of present Chin State , one of the then political centers of... |
Mang Sel (Thual Kai) | First contact with the British | |||
| 30. | 30. | Sum Kam | Kai Pum (Hau Tun) | Tonglon, VT | ||||
| 31. | 31. | Thang Pau, Zamkhualian | Go Thawng (Kai Thawng) | Mimbung, VT (British Supremacy) | ||||
| 32. | 32. | Kam Za Mang, MKThang | Pum Kam (Tun Za Sing) | Under British Admin. | ||||
| 33. | 33. | Zaangkholian, LianCinPau | Thawngdocin (Thawngliando) | End of Hereditary Sys. in Burma (1948) | ||||
| 34. | 34. | Pau Min Thang | Kamzalian (Singkhatdong) | Present Era | ||||
Clarification of abbreviations
(Alphabetical order)- BE: British era in the land (from early 20th cent.)
- Chro: Short form from "chronicle"
- F: Female descendant
- GMT: Raja Gokhothang Memorial Trust, LamkaLamkaLamka is the second largest town of the Manipur State of India, next to Imphal. It is in Churachandpur district. Lamka has its name from the word "Lam" which means path or way and "ka" means junction. The name Lamka in short means a place situated at the road junction. "Due to its commercial...
, Manipur - KN: Mr. Khai Nang (Mr. Nang might probably be the first in the region to put such chronicle in formal writing, though handwriting. He put this chronicle into his handwriting in 1925, when his younger brother, Kaang Za Cin needs proof of his ancestral line for a promotion to the post of Viceroy's Commissioned OfficerViceroy's Commissioned OfficerA viceroy's commissioned officer was a senior Indian member of the British Indian Army. VCOs were senior in rank to warrant officers in the British Army, and held a commission issued by the viceroy...
, also known as SubedarSubedarSubedar is a historical rank in the Indian Army, ranking below British commissioned officers and above non-commissioned officers. The rank was otherwise equivalent to a British lieutenant and was introduced in the East India Company's presidency armies, to make it easier for British officers to...
, in the British Army [Indo-Burma frontier]) - KZT: Capt. K. A. Khup Za Thang (the late), a contemporary historian on the history of Zo
- LC: Legendary Ciimnuai, legendary ancestral home known as Ciimnuai
- LK: Lamka of Churachandpur District, Manipur, India
- MS, KG, NS: legendary three Guite princes—Mang Sum (the first), Kul Gen (Kul Ngen), and Nak Sau (prob. Kul Lai)
- NZL: Mr. Ngul Lian Zam, a contemporary local historian and a villager of Vangteh, presently settling in Kawlpi-Kalay Myo (He is the publisher of the said handbook entitled Tedim Myone Vangteh Kyeyua Yoya Nat Sayamya Ih Puzaw Patah Chin Saingya Gahtamya: Sacred Incantations for Religious Rites Performed by Priests of Traditional Religion of Vangteh, Tedim Township [Pinlone, Kalay Myo, Myanmar: U N. L. Zam, Guite Myonwe Su-win, 2005], i+8+1. This handbook was published under the permission letter no. 012/thathana(tata)/2004 of the Myanmar Government [Ministry of Religious Affairs] in keeping of the existing culture of Vangteh in 2004. This small handbook, though very limited in content, can still give some basic necessary information about the past story of the Vangteh in particular and also of the present northern Chin state at a glance in general)
- OT: Old Taaksat, an ancestral home, somewhere in present Kalay Valley, might be very close to Nwa-la-bo Taung, southwest to present Kalay Myo (Kawlpi)
- PE: Present era
- PG: Present generation
- PT-C: Tedim region of present Chin State, Myanmar (Burma)
- SB: Selbung, a political center of the once Guite dynasty, still existing as a middle size village at the very northern Indian boder of present TonzangTonzangTonzang is an Indo-Myanmar village within the Churachandpur district of Manipur, India. Along with Hiangtam, it is one of the oldest Zou settlements in Manipur.- "Sim" & "Mal" Tonzang :...
township, Chin State, Myanmar - TM: Tuimui, a political center of the once Guite dynasty, still existing as a middle size village in present TonzangTonzangTonzang is an Indo-Myanmar village within the Churachandpur district of Manipur, India. Along with Hiangtam, it is one of the oldest Zou settlements in Manipur.- "Sim" & "Mal" Tonzang :...
township - TH: Thuam Hang, the last hereditary prince of Tuimui
- TZC: Mr. Tual Za Cin, a villager of Tuimui and contemporary local historian
- TZS: Tun Za Sing, also known as Prince of Mualai, the last hereditary Guite prince of Vangteh
- VT: VangtehVangtehVangte or Vangteh is a large village in southern Tedim Township, Falam District, Chin State, in Burma . Vangteh is also the name of the village tract where Vangte lies.-Name:...
, a political center of the once Guite dynasty, still existing as a large size village in present TedimTedimTedim is a town in Chin State in the northwestern part of Myanmar. The name "Tedim" was derived from a pool on the top of the hills that used to be twinkling under sun's light, therefore, called "te " and "dim " in local Paite dialect.-Early history:As a result of lack of a formal writing system...
township