Gulf of Georgia Cannery
Encyclopedia
The Gulf of Georgia Cannery is a National Historic Site of Canada located in Steveston
village in Richmond
, British Columbia
.
Built in 1894, the Cannery echoes the days when it was the leading producer of canned salmon in British Columbia. Today it is a fishing museum with interactive exhibits, film, and tours that demonstrate the Cannery's important role in the history of BC's West Coast.
in the boomtown of Steveston, the Gulf of Georgia Cannery opened its doors for business in 1894. The Gulf of Georgia Cannery was the largest cannery in British Columbia until 1902. It was known as the "Monster Cannery" - packing more than 2.5 million cans of salmon in 1897. That was during the free-for-all days of the salmon canning industry and soon the "Monster Cannery" boasted hundreds of workers producing these cans of salmon. Each canning season brought together a diverse mix of workers, usually of First Nations, Chinese, Japanese and European descent. The Gulf of Georgia Cannery was representative of an industry that was one of the province's largest employers and whose work force laboriously churned out one of the province's principal export commodities.
. New machinery and an army of workers produced case after case of canned herring in tomato sauce, the major source of protein for Allied soldiers
and civilians struggling overseas during the war. Herring canning became an industry-wide endeavour and alongside it grew the business of herring reduction, that is, the transformation of herring into protein-rich oil and meal for animal feeding purposes.
and government closure in the late 1960s. By the 1970s, a new market emerged in Japan for British Columbia herring roe and this ensured that the reduction operation at the Cannery would run once more. However, the new roe industry generated only a small amount of raw material for reduction, as catches formerly in the hundreds of thousands of tonnes were limited by regulation to the low tens of thousands.
boat fleet and the era of transforming the Cannery into a museum would begin in earnest.
purchased the property and in 1984 it was transferred to Parks Canada
. The building was first open to the public in 1994 in celebration of the centennial of the building. The Gulf of Georgia Cannery Society, a local not-for-profit organization, was formed in 1986 to work together with Parks Canada to develop and operate the site. Today, the Cannery is one of the very few federally owned National Historic Sites operated by a third party.
1894 - Construction of the original L-shaped building; one manual canning line.
1897 - East Wing built to provide additional packing and seasonal living area. Two additional canning lines added.
1906 - Arrival of the mechanical butchering machin; West wing (butchering shed) converted to net loft/storage. East wing shortened by 50 feet (15.2 m) in 1906 due to new dyke and railway tracks along the waterfront.
1932 - Remains of the West wing demolished by a windstorm.
1940 - Roofline raised to accommodate additional boiler (boiler house).
1943 - Ice house built (in order to store fish for a longer amount of time).
1940-48 - Various structural modifications and additions related to the herring reduction process: Vitamin oil shed and dryer shed.
1956 - East wing of original building raised to accommodate evaporator. Separator room constructed next to evaporator room.
1964 - Addition of grinding and bagging room off drying shed.
1979 - Gulf of Georgia reduction plant closed, building is used as a net loft.
1994 - Gulf of Georgia Cannery National Historic Site of Canada opens to the public.
Steveston, British Columbia
Steveston was originally a small town near Vancouver, British Columbia, but has since been absorbed into the city of Richmond, British Columbia....
village in Richmond
Richmond, British Columbia
Richmond is a coastal city, incorporated in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Part of Metro Vancouver, its neighbouring communities are Vancouver and Burnaby to the north, New Westminster to the east, and Delta to the south, while the Strait of Georgia forms its western border...
, British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...
.
Built in 1894, the Cannery echoes the days when it was the leading producer of canned salmon in British Columbia. Today it is a fishing museum with interactive exhibits, film, and tours that demonstrate the Cannery's important role in the history of BC's West Coast.
Golden Years
Along the banks of the Lower Fraser RiverFraser River
The Fraser River is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Mount Robson in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for , into the Strait of Georgia at the city of Vancouver. It is the tenth longest river in Canada...
in the boomtown of Steveston, the Gulf of Georgia Cannery opened its doors for business in 1894. The Gulf of Georgia Cannery was the largest cannery in British Columbia until 1902. It was known as the "Monster Cannery" - packing more than 2.5 million cans of salmon in 1897. That was during the free-for-all days of the salmon canning industry and soon the "Monster Cannery" boasted hundreds of workers producing these cans of salmon. Each canning season brought together a diverse mix of workers, usually of First Nations, Chinese, Japanese and European descent. The Gulf of Georgia Cannery was representative of an industry that was one of the province's largest employers and whose work force laboriously churned out one of the province's principal export commodities.
Advent of Advanced Machinery
Over the years, the hordes of people manually canning salmon gave way to rows of high-speed machinery. For the Gulf of Georgia Cannery, the price to pay for these advancements would be a diminished role in the canning of salmon, as the last can of sockeye rolled off the production line in 1930. Instead of canning salmon, the Cannery's new role would be as a salmon receiving and trans-shipment point within the large network of canneries being marshalled by its new owner, the Canadian Fishing Company.The War Years
The Gulf of Georgia Cannery remained quiet during the 1930s, but with the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe, the Cannery was revitalized by an onslaught of new capital and expansion in anticipation of a new enterprise, namely herringHerring
Herring is an oily fish of the genus Clupea, found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans, including the Baltic Sea. Three species of Clupea are recognized. The main taxa, the Atlantic herring and the Pacific herring may each be divided into subspecies...
. New machinery and an army of workers produced case after case of canned herring in tomato sauce, the major source of protein for Allied soldiers
Allies of World War II
The Allies of World War II were the countries that opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War . Former Axis states contributing to the Allied victory are not considered Allied states...
and civilians struggling overseas during the war. Herring canning became an industry-wide endeavour and alongside it grew the business of herring reduction, that is, the transformation of herring into protein-rich oil and meal for animal feeding purposes.
The End of the War
The end of the war meant the end of a market and the end of herring canning in British Columbia. For the Gulf of Georgia Cannery, herring reduction would become the predominant activity by the late 1940s. The rise of this industry is reflected by the growth of the Cannery complex which saw three successive waves of expansion before the herring reduction industry was crippled by overfishingOverfishing
Overfishing occurs when fishing activities reduce fish stocks below an acceptable level. This can occur in any body of water from a pond to the oceans....
and government closure in the late 1960s. By the 1970s, a new market emerged in Japan for British Columbia herring roe and this ensured that the reduction operation at the Cannery would run once more. However, the new roe industry generated only a small amount of raw material for reduction, as catches formerly in the hundreds of thousands of tonnes were limited by regulation to the low tens of thousands.
Closure
By 1979, the cost of operating the Cannery's aging reduction equipment became too much and the reduction plant was closed. The buildings would serve as a net loft and storage for the Canadian Fishing Company's seineSeine
The Seine is a -long river and an important commercial waterway within the Paris Basin in the north of France. It rises at Saint-Seine near Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plateau, flowing through Paris and into the English Channel at Le Havre . It is navigable by ocean-going vessels...
boat fleet and the era of transforming the Cannery into a museum would begin in earnest.
Creation of the National Historic Site
During the 1970s and early 1980s the local community lobbied various levels of government to save the Cannery. In 1979 the Federal governmentFederal government
The federal government is the common government of a federation. The structure of federal governments varies from institution to institution. Based on a broad definition of a basic federal political system, there are two or more levels of government that exist within an established territory and...
purchased the property and in 1984 it was transferred to Parks Canada
Parks Canada
Parks Canada , also known as the Parks Canada Agency , is an agency of the Government of Canada mandated to protect and present nationally significant natural and cultural heritage, and foster public understanding, appreciation, and enjoyment in ways that ensure their ecological and commemorative...
. The building was first open to the public in 1994 in celebration of the centennial of the building. The Gulf of Georgia Cannery Society, a local not-for-profit organization, was formed in 1986 to work together with Parks Canada to develop and operate the site. Today, the Cannery is one of the very few federally owned National Historic Sites operated by a third party.
Chronology of the Cannery
1897 - East Wing built to provide additional packing and seasonal living area. Two additional canning lines added.
1906 - Arrival of the mechanical butchering machin; West wing (butchering shed) converted to net loft/storage. East wing shortened by 50 feet (15.2 m) in 1906 due to new dyke and railway tracks along the waterfront.
1932 - Remains of the West wing demolished by a windstorm.
1940 - Roofline raised to accommodate additional boiler (boiler house).
1943 - Ice house built (in order to store fish for a longer amount of time).
1940-48 - Various structural modifications and additions related to the herring reduction process: Vitamin oil shed and dryer shed.
1956 - East wing of original building raised to accommodate evaporator. Separator room constructed next to evaporator room.
1964 - Addition of grinding and bagging room off drying shed.
1979 - Gulf of Georgia reduction plant closed, building is used as a net loft.
1994 - Gulf of Georgia Cannery National Historic Site of Canada opens to the public.
Tours
- Guided tours begin every hour on the hour between 10am and 4pm. A film introducing the Cannery is shown at 20 and 40 minutes after the hour.
- Special programs are offered for school groups, and there are tours to accommodate any age group and number.