Guttiferales
Encyclopedia
Guttiferales is a descriptive botanical name
. It was used in the Bentham & Hooker system
, the Wettstein system
for an order of flowering plants that included the family Guttiferae. The latter is also a descriptive botanical name and refers to the latex
present in these plants.
The order was fairly small in the Bentham & Hooker system
:
It was much larger in the Wettstein system
:
The difference in composition between these two systems, and the fact that these taxa were scattered over various orders in more recent systems such as the Cronquist system
and the APG II system
suggests it was never a very good unit in the first place. (Note that Bentham & Hooker's Ternstroemiaceae is equivalent to Wettsteins's Theaceae, and that Wettstein's Guttiferae includes Bentham & Hooker's Hypericaceae.)
Descriptive botanical names
Descriptive botanical names are names that are governed by Article 16 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature , which rules that a name above the rank of family may be either descriptive or formed from the name of an included family...
. It was used in the Bentham & Hooker system
Bentham & Hooker system
An early taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants was published in :The system recognises the following main groups:*DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM*: Series 1. THALAMIFLORÆ*: Series 2. DISCIFLORÆ*: Series 3. CALYCIFLORÆ...
, the Wettstein system
Wettstein system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Wettstein system recognised the following main groups, according to* I. phylum Schizophyta*::: 1. classis Schizophyceae*::: 2. classis Schizomycetes* II. phylum Monadophyta* III. phylum Myxophyta...
for an order of flowering plants that included the family Guttiferae. The latter is also a descriptive botanical name and refers to the latex
Latex
Latex is the stable dispersion of polymer microparticles in an aqueous medium. Latexes may be natural or synthetic.Latex as found in nature is a milky fluid found in 10% of all flowering plants . It is a complex emulsion consisting of proteins, alkaloids, starches, sugars, oils, tannins, resins,...
present in these plants.
The order was fairly small in the Bentham & Hooker system
Bentham & Hooker system
An early taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants was published in :The system recognises the following main groups:*DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM*: Series 1. THALAMIFLORÆ*: Series 2. DISCIFLORÆ*: Series 3. CALYCIFLORÆ...
:
- order Guttiferales
- family ElatinaceaeElatinaceaeElatinaceae is a family of flowering plants with 35-50 species in 2 genera: Elatine and Bergia. The Elatine are mostly aquatic herbs, and the Bergia are subshrubs to shrubs. Elatine species are widely distributed throughout the world from temperate to tropical zones, with its greatest diversity...
- family HypericaceaeHypericaceaeHypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales. Molecular data supports its monophyly. Some systematists treat it as a subfamily of the Clusiaceae. When it is accepted as a distinct family, it contains the following genera:* Cratoxylum Blume...
- family Guttiferae
- family Ternstroemiaceae
- family DipterocarpaceaeDipterocarpaceaeDipterocarpaceae is a family of 17 genera and approximately 500 species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus Dipterocarpus, is derived from Greek and refers to the two-winged fruit...
- family Chlenaceae
- family Elatinaceae
It was much larger in the Wettstein system
Wettstein system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Wettstein system recognised the following main groups, according to* I. phylum Schizophyta*::: 1. classis Schizophyceae*::: 2. classis Schizomycetes* II. phylum Monadophyta* III. phylum Myxophyta...
:
- order Guttiferales
- family DilleniaceaeDilleniaceaeDilleniaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It is known to gardeners for the genus Hibbertia, which contains many commercially valuable garden species....
- family ActinidiaceaeActinidiaceaeActinidiaceae, or the Chinese Gooseberry family, is a small family of plants. It includes three genera and about 360 species. It is a member of the order Ericales.-Distribution:...
- family OchnaceaeOchnaceaeThe family Ochnaceae, or wild plane family, comprises mainly trees or shrubs, and more rarely herbaceous plants. Species of the Ochnaceae are found from subtropical to tropical regions. They are best represented in South America...
- family Strassburgeriaceae
- family Eucryphiaceae
- family CaryocaraceaeCaryocaraceaeCaryocaraceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of two genera and about 25 species. The family is exclusively neotropical.- Species :Anthodiscus*Anthodiscus obovatus Benth. ex Wittm.*Anthodiscus pilosus Ducke...
- family MarcgraviaceaeMarcgraviaceaeMarcgraviaceae is a neotropical angiosperm family in the order Ericales.The members of the family are shrubs, woody epiphytes and lianas with alternate, pinnately-nerved leaves. The flowers are arranged in racemes. The flowers are accompanied by modified, fleshy saccate bracts which produce nectar....
- family QuiinaceaeQuiinaceaeQuiinaceae Engl. is a neotropical family of flowering plants in the Malpighiales, consisting of about 50 species in 4 genera . The APG III system of flowering plant classification does not recognize such a family, instead including these genera in the Ochnaceae family.- External links :* in ...
- family TheaceaeTheaceaeThe Theaceae is a family of flowering plants, composed of shrubs and trees. Some botanists include the family Ternstroemiaceae within the Theaceae while others do not...
- family Guttiferae
- family DipterocarpaceaeDipterocarpaceaeDipterocarpaceae is a family of 17 genera and approximately 500 species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus Dipterocarpus, is derived from Greek and refers to the two-winged fruit...
- family Dilleniaceae
The difference in composition between these two systems, and the fact that these taxa were scattered over various orders in more recent systems such as the Cronquist system
Cronquist system
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants .Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two...
and the APG II system
APG II system
The APG II system of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009...
suggests it was never a very good unit in the first place. (Note that Bentham & Hooker's Ternstroemiaceae is equivalent to Wettsteins's Theaceae, and that Wettstein's Guttiferae includes Bentham & Hooker's Hypericaceae.)