Gyrodon lividus
Encyclopedia
Gyrodon lividus, commonly known as the alder bolete, is a pored mushroom
bearing close affinity to the genus Paxillus
. It is also known as Uloporus lividus by some authorities. Found predominantly in Europe, though also recorded from Japan and California, it is distinguished by its decurrent bright yellow pores which turn blue-grey on bruising. It is edible.
in 1791 as Boletus lividus, before being given its current binomial name in 1838 by Elias Magnus Fries
. The generic term Gyrodon is derived from the Ancient Greek
gyros "whorl" and odon "tooth", while the specific epithet lividus is Latin
for "lead-coloured". Lucien Quélet
described it as Uloporus lividus in 1886, and it is still under this binomial in some texts.
Recent molecular research confirms the relations of the genus Gyrodon
and Paxillus
as sister groups, together lying near the base of a tree from which the genus Boletus
arises.
4–10 cm (1.6–4 in) in diameter which is convex and later flat in shape, and can be sticky when wet. The tubes and decurrent large pores are bright yellow and turn blue-grey when cut or bruised. The thin flesh is pale yellow. The ringless stipe
is initially the same colour as the cap but later darkens to a red-brown; it is 3–7 cm (1.2-2.8 in) high by 1–2 cm wide (0.4-0.8 in). The spore print is olive-brown and the oval spores are 4.5-6 x 3-4 μm
. The mushroom has a non-distinctive smell and taste. It is reported as edible by some authors, and inedible by others.
in Latvia
, and Asia (Japan) and California, under Alder (Alnus rhombifolia
).
As its common name suggests, Gyrodon lividus is found under alder
(Alnus rhombifolia), with which it forms a mycorrhizal relationship. Fruiting bodies may be found alone or in clumps and appear in autumn.
Mushroom
A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi that...
bearing close affinity to the genus Paxillus
Paxillus
Paxillus is a genus of mushrooms of which most are known to be poisonous or inedible. The widespread genus contains 15 species. Species include Paxillus involutus and Paxillus vernalis...
. It is also known as Uloporus lividus by some authorities. Found predominantly in Europe, though also recorded from Japan and California, it is distinguished by its decurrent bright yellow pores which turn blue-grey on bruising. It is edible.
Taxonomy
It was initially described by French mycologist Pierre BulliardJean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard
Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard was a French physician and botanist....
in 1791 as Boletus lividus, before being given its current binomial name in 1838 by Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries
-External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*...
. The generic term Gyrodon is derived from the Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek is the stage of the Greek language in the periods spanning the times c. 9th–6th centuries BC, , c. 5th–4th centuries BC , and the c. 3rd century BC – 6th century AD of ancient Greece and the ancient world; being predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek...
gyros "whorl" and odon "tooth", while the specific epithet lividus is Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
for "lead-coloured". Lucien Quélet
Lucien Quélet
thumb|Lucien QuéletLucien Quélet was a French mycologist and naturalist who discovered several species and was the founder of the Société mycologique de France, a society devoted to mycological studies....
described it as Uloporus lividus in 1886, and it is still under this binomial in some texts.
Recent molecular research confirms the relations of the genus Gyrodon
Gyrodon
Gyrodon is a genus of pored mushroom bearing close affinity to the genus Paxillus. Recent molecular research has confirmed this relationship of the two genera as sister groups, together lying near the base of a phylogenetic tree from which the genus Boletus arises.Species include Gyrodon lividus of...
and Paxillus
Paxillus
Paxillus is a genus of mushrooms of which most are known to be poisonous or inedible. The widespread genus contains 15 species. Species include Paxillus involutus and Paxillus vernalis...
as sister groups, together lying near the base of a tree from which the genus Boletus
Boletus
Boletus is a genus of mushroom, comprising over 100 species. The genus Boletus was originally broadly defined and described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1821, essentially containing all fungi with pores...
arises.
Description
Gyrodon lividus has a pale brown, buff or ochre capPileus (mycology)
The pileus is the technical name for the cap, or cap-like part, of a basidiocarp or ascocarp that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus...
4–10 cm (1.6–4 in) in diameter which is convex and later flat in shape, and can be sticky when wet. The tubes and decurrent large pores are bright yellow and turn blue-grey when cut or bruised. The thin flesh is pale yellow. The ringless stipe
Stipe (mycology)
thumb|150px|right|Diagram of a [[basidiomycete]] stipe with an [[annulus |annulus]] and [[volva |volva]]In mycology a stipe refers to the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal...
is initially the same colour as the cap but later darkens to a red-brown; it is 3–7 cm (1.2-2.8 in) high by 1–2 cm wide (0.4-0.8 in). The spore print is olive-brown and the oval spores are 4.5-6 x 3-4 μm
Micrometre
A micrometer , is by definition 1×10-6 of a meter .In plain English, it means one-millionth of a meter . Its unit symbol in the International System of Units is μm...
. The mushroom has a non-distinctive smell and taste. It is reported as edible by some authors, and inedible by others.
Distribution and habitat
It has been found in Europe, including Ķemeri National ParkKemeri National Park
Ķemeri National Park is a national park west of the city of Jūrmala, Latvia. Established in 1997, Ķemeri is the third largest national park in the country by area, covering an area of 381.65 km². The territory of the park is mostly occupied by forests and mires, the most significant of them being...
in Latvia
Latvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
, and Asia (Japan) and California, under Alder (Alnus rhombifolia
Alnus rhombifolia
Alnus rhombifolia, the White Alder, is an alder tree native to western North America, from Washington east to western Montana, southeast to the Sierra Nevada, and south through the Peninsular Ranges and Colorado Desert oases in Southern California. It occurs in riparian zone habitats at an...
).
As its common name suggests, Gyrodon lividus is found under alder
Alder
Alder is the common name of a genus of flowering plants belonging to the birch family . The genus comprises about 30 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, few reaching large size, distributed throughout the North Temperate Zone and in the Americas along the Andes southwards to...
(Alnus rhombifolia), with which it forms a mycorrhizal relationship. Fruiting bodies may be found alone or in clumps and appear in autumn.