H.S. Shivaprakash
Encyclopedia
H.S. Shivaprakash is a leading poet and playwright
writing in Kannada. He is professor
at the School of Arts and Aesthetics, Jawaharlal Nehru University
, New Delhi
, currently serving as the dean
of the school. He has seven anthologies of poems, twelve plays, and several other books to his credit. His works have been widely translated into English, Hindi
, Malayalam
, Marathi
, Tamil
and Telugu
. His plays have been performed in Kannada
, Hindi, Manipuri, Tamil and Malayalam. Shivaprakash is also a well-known authority on vachana literature, Bhakti movement
s of India, and Sufi and other mystic traditions.
in June 1954. His father Shivamurthy Shastri was an eminent Veerashaiva scholar and served under the erstwhile Maharaja of Mysore
. After obtaining his MA in English literature
from Bangalore University
, Shivaprakash joined the Karnataka
government service as an English lecturer and taught for over two decades at various colleges in Bangalore
and Tumkur
. In 1996, he was appointed the editor of Indian Literature, the bimonthly journal of Sahitya Akademi
in New Delhi
. Shivaprakash joined the School of Arts and Aesthetics in Jawaharlal Nehru University
as Associate professor in 2001, where he is currently professor of Aesthetics
and Performance studies
. In 2000, he was selected for the International Writing Program of the School of Letters, University of Iowa
, and is honorary fellow of the school. Professor H. S. Shiva Prakash has been appointed Director of Tagore Centre in Berlin. The appointment is for three years
. But Shivaprakash gained popularity and acclaim only with his second anthology, Malebidda Neladalli in 1983. The poem "Samagara Bhimavva" became an instant hit, which brought him to the centre-stage of post-Bandaya Kannada poetry. Since then Shivaprakash has published four collections of poetry, Anukshana Charite, Suryajala, Maleye Mantapa and Matte Matte and two anthologies of poems in translation, Maruroopagalu and Nanna Mainagara, and edited the translation of contemporary Gujarati
poetry, Samakaleena Gujarati Kavitegalu and Malayalam poetry
Manasantara. Shivaprakash's poems make use of mystic
symbol
ism, dream-images, archetypes and motifs from everyday life to portray the nature of power and the contradictions of modern life.
) through a Marxist analytic. The play received rave reviews and was acknowledged as a landmark in Kannada literature
. Mahachaitra is recognized as one among the three greatest plays out of the 25-odd plays on Basavanna written in Kannada, the other two being P. Lankesh
's Sankranti and Girish Karnad
's Taledanda
.
Shivaprakash won the Karnataka
Sahitya Akademi
award for this play. His other plays include Sultan Tipu, Shakespeare Swapnanauke, Manteswamy Kathaprasanga, Madari Madayya, Madurekanda, Madhavi, Matrika, Makarachandra, Sati, Cassandra and Maduvehennu. He has also translated Shakespeare's King Lear
and adapted Federico García Lorca
's The Shoemaker's Prodigious Wife into Kannada under the title Mallammana Mane Hotlu and Shakespeare's Macbeth
under the name Maranayakana Drishtanta. Manteswamy Kathaprasanga, a play about a 16th century Dalit saint was made into a successful stage adaptation by director Suresh Anagalli and produced over 300 shows. It kindled interest in this obscure saint and the life of Manteswamy has since been a major area of research in Kannada academia. Most of Shivaprakash's plays are inspired by Marxism and Shaiva mysticism
, particularly Veerashaivism and Kashmir Shavism. The plays also employ motifs from Sufism
and other forms of mysticism like Mahayana
and Zen
Buddhism
. Structurally, the plays are inspired by Japanese Noh theatre and Brecht
's epic theatre
.
, it caused a heated controversy. A section of Lingayats under the leadership of the nun Shri Shri Jagadguru Mate Mahadevi
accused the work of portraying Basavanna in poor light and urged the Government of Karnataka
to ban the play. It led to a legal battle and the play was eventually withdrawn from the university syllabus. The Mahachaitra controversy seems to have inspired Githa Hariharan
's English novel In Times of Siege (2003), which narrates the story of a professor in an open university
in Delhi
, who finds himself in the midst of a controversy over a chapter on Basavanna which he wrote for an undergraduate textbook.
2. http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2007/04/13/stories/2007041301210300.htm
3. http://at-lamp.its.uiowa.edu/virtualwu/index.php/archive/record/iwp_and_writers_workshop_at_praries_lights_with_hs_shivaprakash_and_j_towns/
4. http://web.archive.org/web/20091026144559/http://geocities.com/indian_poets/kannada.html
5. http://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/reviews/20_olear.asp
6. http://lokadharmi.org/madhuvehennu.htm
7. http://home.infionline.net/~ddisse/antal.html
7. http://www.ciil.org/Main/Announcement/MBE_Programme/paper/paper13.htm
8. http://openlibrary.org/a/OL374678A
9. http://www.katha.org/Academics/deep%20stories%20&%20silences_bionotes.html
10. http://cslcku.wordpress.com/2010/12/16/review-of-vigil-of-rudra/
Playwright
A playwright, also called a dramatist, is a person who writes plays.The term is not a variant spelling of "playwrite", but something quite distinct: the word wright is an archaic English term for a craftsman or builder...
writing in Kannada. He is professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
at the School of Arts and Aesthetics, Jawaharlal Nehru University
Jawaharlal Nehru University
Jawaharlal Nehru University, also known as JNU, is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. It is mainly a research oriented postgraduate University with approximately 5,500 students and a faculty strength of around 550.-History:...
, New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
, currently serving as the dean
Dean (education)
In academic administration, a dean is a person with significant authority over a specific academic unit, or over a specific area of concern, or both...
of the school. He has seven anthologies of poems, twelve plays, and several other books to his credit. His works have been widely translated into English, Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
, Malayalam
Malayalam language
Malayalam , is one of the four major Dravidian languages of southern India. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India with official language status in the state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry. It is spoken by 35.9 million people...
, Marathi
Marathi language
Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are over 68 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India and is the fifteenth most...
, Tamil
Tamil language
Tamil is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in the Indian union territory of Pondicherry. Tamil is also an official language of Sri Lanka and Singapore...
and Telugu
Telugu language
Telugu is a Central Dravidian language primarily spoken in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, where it is an official language. It is also spoken in the neighbouring states of Chattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa and Tamil Nadu...
. His plays have been performed in Kannada
Kannada language
Kannada or , is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas and number roughly 50 million, is one of the 30 most spoken languages in the world...
, Hindi, Manipuri, Tamil and Malayalam. Shivaprakash is also a well-known authority on vachana literature, Bhakti movement
Bhakti movement
The Bhakti movement is a Hindu religious movement in which the main spiritual practice is loving devotion among the Shaivite and Vaishnava saints. The Bhakti movement originated in ancient Tamil Nadu and began to spread to the north during the late medieval ages when north India was under Islamic...
s of India, and Sufi and other mystic traditions.
Life and career
Shivaprakash was born in BangaloreBangalore
Bengaluru , formerly called Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and...
in June 1954. His father Shivamurthy Shastri was an eminent Veerashaiva scholar and served under the erstwhile Maharaja of Mysore
Maharaja of Mysore
Maharaja of Mysore was the principal title of the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in India.The Wodeyar dynasty founded a feudatory principality in 1399, which grew into the Kingdom of Mysore...
. After obtaining his MA in English literature
English literature
English literature is the literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; for example, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Joseph Conrad was Polish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, J....
from Bangalore University
Bangalore University
Bangalore University is a public university located in Bangalore, Karnataka State, India. The university is one of the oldest in India, dating back to 1886...
, Shivaprakash joined the Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
government service as an English lecturer and taught for over two decades at various colleges in Bangalore
Bangalore
Bengaluru , formerly called Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and...
and Tumkur
Tumkur
Tumkur is one of the busiest industrial towns located in the state of Karnataka. Since 28 August 2010, Tumkur has been accorded the status of a Corporation city. It is situated at a distance of 70 kilometers north west of the city of Bangalore along National Highway 4...
. In 1996, he was appointed the editor of Indian Literature, the bimonthly journal of Sahitya Akademi
Sahitya Akademi
The Sahitya Akademi ', India's National Academy of Letters, is an organisation dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India...
in New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
. Shivaprakash joined the School of Arts and Aesthetics in Jawaharlal Nehru University
Jawaharlal Nehru University
Jawaharlal Nehru University, also known as JNU, is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. It is mainly a research oriented postgraduate University with approximately 5,500 students and a faculty strength of around 550.-History:...
as Associate professor in 2001, where he is currently professor of Aesthetics
Aesthetics
Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste, and with the creation and appreciation of beauty. It is more scientifically defined as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste...
and Performance studies
Performance Studies
Performance studies have been growing as an academic field since the 1960s. Performance studies believe in the social act of Doing as it takes performance itself as the object of inquiry.The process of defining it becomes a practice in performance studies itself...
. In 2000, he was selected for the International Writing Program of the School of Letters, University of Iowa
University of Iowa
The University of Iowa is a public state-supported research university located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is the oldest public university in the state. The university is organized into eleven colleges granting undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees...
, and is honorary fellow of the school. Professor H. S. Shiva Prakash has been appointed Director of Tagore Centre in Berlin. The appointment is for three years
Poet
Shivaprakash published his first anthology of poems Milarepa in 1977, when he was still 23. It was immediately recognized as a fresh voice in Kannada poetryKannada poetry
Kannada poetry is poetry written in the Kannada language spoken in Karnataka. Karnataka is the land that gave birth to eight Jnanapeeth award winners, the highest honour bestowed for Indian literature...
. But Shivaprakash gained popularity and acclaim only with his second anthology, Malebidda Neladalli in 1983. The poem "Samagara Bhimavva" became an instant hit, which brought him to the centre-stage of post-Bandaya Kannada poetry. Since then Shivaprakash has published four collections of poetry, Anukshana Charite, Suryajala, Maleye Mantapa and Matte Matte and two anthologies of poems in translation, Maruroopagalu and Nanna Mainagara, and edited the translation of contemporary Gujarati
Gujarati language
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. It is derived from a language called Old Gujarati which is the ancestor language of the modern Gujarati and Rajasthani languages...
poetry, Samakaleena Gujarati Kavitegalu and Malayalam poetry
Malayalam poetry
There are two types of meters used in Malayalam poetry, the classical Sanskrit based and Tamil based ones.- Sanskrit Meters :Sanskrit meters are primarily based on trisyllabic feet. The short sound is called a laghu, a long sound is called a guru. A guru is twice as long as a laghu...
Manasantara. Shivaprakash's poems make use of mystic
Mysticism
Mysticism is the knowledge of, and especially the personal experience of, states of consciousness, i.e. levels of being, beyond normal human perception, including experience and even communion with a supreme being.-Classical origins:...
symbol
Symbol
A symbol is something which represents an idea, a physical entity or a process but is distinct from it. The purpose of a symbol is to communicate meaning. For example, a red octagon may be a symbol for "STOP". On a map, a picture of a tent might represent a campsite. Numerals are symbols for...
ism, dream-images, archetypes and motifs from everyday life to portray the nature of power and the contradictions of modern life.
Playwright
Shivaprakash published his first play Mahachaitra in 1986. The stage-adaptation of the play by C.G.Krishnaswamy for the troop Samudaya became a major hit. The play was based on the life and times of the 12th century Veerashaiva saint Basavanna and narrated the struggles of the artisan saints of the city of Kalyana (now BasavakalyanBasavakalyan
Basavakalyan is a town in Bidar District of the state of Karnataka, India, and was historically known as Kalyan.-History:Basavakalyan's history dates back to 3000 years with its name being mentioned in Guru Charitra....
) through a Marxist analytic. The play received rave reviews and was acknowledged as a landmark in Kannada literature
Kannada literature
Kannada literature is the corpus of written forms of the Kannada language, a member of the Dravidian family spoken mainly in the Indian state of Karnataka and written in the Kannada script....
. Mahachaitra is recognized as one among the three greatest plays out of the 25-odd plays on Basavanna written in Kannada, the other two being P. Lankesh
P. Lankesh
Palegar Lankeshappa was a major Indian writer and journalist, writing in the Kannada language. He is probably the only writer who can be credited with bringing magical realism to Kannada literature apart from innovative use of the language...
's Sankranti and Girish Karnad
Girish Karnad
Girish Raghunath Karnad is a contemporary writer, playwright, screenwriter, actor and movie director in Kannada language...
's Taledanda
Taledanda
Taledanda Taledanda Taledanda ((Kannada: ತಲೆದಂಡ, Hindi: Rakt Kalyan, literally: Death by Beheading) is a 1990 Kannada play written by Girish Karnad, an eminent person in Kannada literature, about the rise of the radical protest and reform movement, Veerashaivism, in 12th century Karnatak...
.
Shivaprakash won the Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
Sahitya Akademi
Sahitya Akademi
The Sahitya Akademi ', India's National Academy of Letters, is an organisation dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India...
award for this play. His other plays include Sultan Tipu, Shakespeare Swapnanauke, Manteswamy Kathaprasanga, Madari Madayya, Madurekanda, Madhavi, Matrika, Makarachandra, Sati, Cassandra and Maduvehennu. He has also translated Shakespeare's King Lear
King Lear
King Lear is a tragedy by William Shakespeare. The title character descends into madness after foolishly disposing of his estate between two of his three daughters based on their flattery, bringing tragic consequences for all. The play is based on the legend of Leir of Britain, a mythological...
and adapted Federico García Lorca
Federico García Lorca
Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca was a Spanish poet, dramatist and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27. He is believed to be one of thousands who were summarily shot by anti-communist death squads...
's The Shoemaker's Prodigious Wife into Kannada under the title Mallammana Mane Hotlu and Shakespeare's Macbeth
Macbeth
The Tragedy of Macbeth is a play by William Shakespeare about a regicide and its aftermath. It is Shakespeare's shortest tragedy and is believed to have been written sometime between 1603 and 1607...
under the name Maranayakana Drishtanta. Manteswamy Kathaprasanga, a play about a 16th century Dalit saint was made into a successful stage adaptation by director Suresh Anagalli and produced over 300 shows. It kindled interest in this obscure saint and the life of Manteswamy has since been a major area of research in Kannada academia. Most of Shivaprakash's plays are inspired by Marxism and Shaiva mysticism
Mysticism
Mysticism is the knowledge of, and especially the personal experience of, states of consciousness, i.e. levels of being, beyond normal human perception, including experience and even communion with a supreme being.-Classical origins:...
, particularly Veerashaivism and Kashmir Shavism. The plays also employ motifs from Sufism
Sufism
Sufism or ' is defined by its adherents as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a '...
and other forms of mysticism like Mahayana
Mahayana
Mahāyāna is one of the two main existing branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice...
and Zen
Zen
Zen is a school of Mahāyāna Buddhism founded by the Buddhist monk Bodhidharma. The word Zen is from the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese word Chán , which in turn is derived from the Sanskrit word dhyāna, which can be approximately translated as "meditation" or "meditative state."Zen...
Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
. Structurally, the plays are inspired by Japanese Noh theatre and Brecht
Brecht
Brecht is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality comprises the towns of Brecht proper, Sint-Job-in't-Goor and Sint-Lenaarts. On January 1, 2006 Brecht had a total population of 26,464...
's epic theatre
Epic theatre
Epic theatre was a theatrical movement arising in the early to mid-20th century from the theories and practice of a number of theatre practitioners, including Erwin Piscator, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Vsevolod Meyerhold and, most famously, Bertolt Brecht...
.
The Mahachaitra Controversy
Mahachaitra was prescribed as a text-book for undergraduate courses in three universities of Karnataka. In 1995, nearly a decade after its publication, when it was prescribed as a text-book in Gulbarga UniversityGulbarga University
- Institution :Gulbarga University was a post graduation centre of Karnatak University, India. In 1980 The Government of Karnataka enacted a law and gave it the status of university....
, it caused a heated controversy. A section of Lingayats under the leadership of the nun Shri Shri Jagadguru Mate Mahadevi
Shri Shri Jagadguru Mate Mahadevi
Maate Mahadevi B.Sc., M.A. is a scholar, mystic, and writer, and the first female jagadguru, or spiritual head of a South Indian Lingayat community....
accused the work of portraying Basavanna in poor light and urged the Government of Karnataka
Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka is a democratically elected body with the Governor as the constitutional head. The Governor who is appointed for a period of five years appoints the Chief Minister and his council of ministers...
to ban the play. It led to a legal battle and the play was eventually withdrawn from the university syllabus. The Mahachaitra controversy seems to have inspired Githa Hariharan
Githa Hariharan
Githa Hariharan is an Indian author and editor based in New Delhi. Her first novel, The Thousand Faces of Night, won the Commonwealth Writers' Prize in 1993.-Biography:...
's English novel In Times of Siege (2003), which narrates the story of a professor in an open university
Open University
The Open University is a distance learning and research university founded by Royal Charter in the United Kingdom...
in Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
, who finds himself in the midst of a controversy over a chapter on Basavanna which he wrote for an undergraduate textbook.
Poetry
- Milarepa
- Malebidda Neladalli
- Anukshana Charite
- Suryajala
- Maleye Mantapa
- Matte Matte
- Mabbina Haage Kanive Haasi
- Maruroopagalu (Kannada translation of poems from various languages)
- Nanna Mainagara (Kannada translation of the Malayalam poems of K. SatchidanandanSatchidanandanK. Satchidanandan is a major Indian poet and critic, writing in Malayalam, and English. Satchidanandan has established himself as an academician, editor, translator and playwright...
) - Navilu Nagara (songs from his plays)
Plays
- Mahachaitra
- Sultan Tipu
- Shakespeare Swapnanauke
- Manteswamy Kathaprasanga
- Madari Madayya
- Madurekanda
- Madhavi
- Matrika
- Makarachandra
- Sati
- Cassandra
- Maduve Hennu
- King Lear (Kannada translation of Shakespeare's play)
- Maranayakana Drishtanta (Kannada adaptation of MacbethMacbethThe Tragedy of Macbeth is a play by William Shakespeare about a regicide and its aftermath. It is Shakespeare's shortest tragedy and is believed to have been written sometime between 1603 and 1607...
) - Mallammana Mane Hotlu (Kannada adaptation of Federico García LorcaFederico García LorcaFederico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca was a Spanish poet, dramatist and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27. He is believed to be one of thousands who were summarily shot by anti-communist death squads...
's The Shoemaker's Prodigious Wife)
Others
- Sahitya mattu Rangabhoomi (a treatise on literatureLiteratureLiterature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources...
and theatre) - Modala Kattina Gadya (a collection of essays)
- Yuganta (Kannada translation of Irawati KarveIrawati KarveIrawati Karve was an Indian anthropologist, educationist, and a writer from Maharashtra, India. She was born at Irawati to G. H. Karmarkar, engineer in Myingyan, Burma, so as to commemorate birth place secrede river iravati, she was given name 'Iravati'...
's book of the same name) - Batteesa Raaga (Spiritual autobiography)
- Incredible India: Traditional Theatres
Awards and honours
- Four Kannada Sahitya Akademi awards
- Sangeet Natak AkademiSangeet Natak AkademiSangeet Natak Akademi is the national level academy for performing arts set up by the Government of India.-History:...
award for 1997 - Satyakama award for 2003
- Ministry of Human Resource Development fellowship for Kannada literatureKannada literatureKannada literature is the corpus of written forms of the Kannada language, a member of the Dravidian family spoken mainly in the Indian state of Karnataka and written in the Kannada script....
- Honorary Fellow of the School of Letters, University of IowaUniversity of IowaThe University of Iowa is a public state-supported research university located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is the oldest public university in the state. The university is organized into eleven colleges granting undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees...
, since 2000. - Karnataka Rajyotsava PrashastiRajyotsava PrashastiThe Annual Rajyotsava Awards are conferred by the Karnataka Government on the occasion of the birth of Karnataka State on November 1 celebrated as Kannada Rajyotsava. The awards celebrate achievements by persons of eminence in their chosen fields...
, 2006.
External links
1. http://www.geocities.com/kavitayan/shivaprakash.html2. http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2007/04/13/stories/2007041301210300.htm
3. http://at-lamp.its.uiowa.edu/virtualwu/index.php/archive/record/iwp_and_writers_workshop_at_praries_lights_with_hs_shivaprakash_and_j_towns/
4. http://web.archive.org/web/20091026144559/http://geocities.com/indian_poets/kannada.html
5. http://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/reviews/20_olear.asp
6. http://lokadharmi.org/madhuvehennu.htm
7. http://home.infionline.net/~ddisse/antal.html
7. http://www.ciil.org/Main/Announcement/MBE_Programme/paper/paper13.htm
8. http://openlibrary.org/a/OL374678A
9. http://www.katha.org/Academics/deep%20stories%20&%20silences_bionotes.html
10. http://cslcku.wordpress.com/2010/12/16/review-of-vigil-of-rudra/