Hacienda chactun
Encyclopedia
The Hacienda San Jose Chactún is a hacienda
located in the State of Yucatán
in Mexico
.
(Heritage), Oxkintok
and path Puuc, to the caves of Calcehtok and Loltún and the colonial cities of Merida and Campeche
(Heritage), the route of the Franciscan Monastery and the coastal area and biosphere reserve Celestún
e Isla Arenas and to the famous Chichen Itza
site.
, its archaeological remains dating back over 2,800 years. The first Mayan
s settlements dating from the late Classical period
. It lies within the Mayan region known today as "Puuc
". The population was united with its more important neighbors by the white roads called "sacbé
", which also performs a religious function. The meaning of the name of the settlement was "Red Rock" or "red stone" due to the natural color of their building in stone. In the National Archaeological Museum of Spain, there are parts of the ancient Toltec city that Don Jose Dominguez (owner of the hacienda) in 1865 gave the Marquis de la Rivera, Don Juan Ximénez de Sandoval. In the third international conference Mayanist, in 1995, is mentioned as one of the Chactún initial locations in the Mayan world, next to the Mirador, Izapa, Kaminaljuyu, Abaj Takalik, Auaxactun and tikal, which developed the architecture and urbanization around 300 BC. In the story of the discoveries that Dr. Augustus Le Plogeon was in Yucatan in 1876, and published under the title "The Maya, the sources of their history," mentions the hacienda Chactun with these words: "When visiting the large estate of Chactun, belonging to Don José Dominguez, thirty miles south-west of Mérida, the writer saw a large ruin similar to that called the “House of the Nuns” at Uxmal. It was a building of a quadrangular shape, with apartments opening on an interior court in the centre of the quadrangle. The building was in good preservation, and some of the rooms were used as depositories for corn. The visiting party breakfasted in one of the larger apartments".
, their activities will be diversified with the production of cane sugar, henequen
and cattle
. San Jose Chactún became a leading hacienda in the heyday of the state of Yucatan as a result of technological and social advances. With a train station and many services for worker, the Hacienda funcioned as a small town. It has two churches, a main house and a house of stripes, and the ruins of the old canteen, the mill and the stables and a monumental home machines.
The title of the first lands in the royal decree is January 9, 1560, granted in Cogolludo lib.6, Cap.8. The land was vastly improved between 1623 and 1700, the site of Nohcacab (in the municipality of Becal) was sold in that year, with a sales letter dated the 24th of December, and so the property became the Hacienda "Chactún Nohcacab" ubicac boundaries between Maxcanú
, Becal, Calkiní
and Halachó.
In the second half of 18th century it is known that the property was acquired by a Spaniard, named Pedro Tadeo, as reported in Indian file documents.
In the first half of the 19th century the estate had passed into the hands of Lorenzo Peon y Cano (his grandfather, Alonso Manuel de Peon Valdes, had come to Indian in the first half of the 18th century), then the estate was inherited by Maria de Jesus Peon Fajardo and her son José Dominguez Peón.
For much of the 19th century and all the 20th century the estate has been linked to the same family, also owners of the palace Montejo in Merida. Jose Dominguez Peon, a shareholder in the railroad Merida-Campeche, got one of the 8 stops on the railway line, which opened in 1898, was at the hacienda owned "San Jose Chactún".
Henequen production continued until about 60 years ago. Since then the estate was gradually losing its splendor. Sara Arrigunaga juanes began the project of renovating the hacienda by repairing buildings and trying to increase its production with ranching and citris production.
The patron saints of the hacienda are Saint Joseph
(March 19) and Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
(December 8).
Hacienda
Hacienda is a Spanish word for an estate. Some haciendas were plantations, mines, or even business factories. Many haciendas combined these productive activities...
located in the State of Yucatán
Yucatán
Yucatán officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Yucatán is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 106 municipalities and its capital city is Mérida....
in Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
.
Location
The hacienda contains historical relics, extensive virgin areas, and a high biodiversity in wildlife. It is very close to the archaeological sites of UxmalUxmal
Uxmal was dominant from 875 to 900 CE. The site appears to have been the capital of a regional state in the Puuc region from 850-950 CE. The Maya dynasty expanded their dominion over their neighbors. This prominence didn't last long...
(Heritage), Oxkintok
Oxkintok
Oxkintok is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site on the Yucatán Peninsula, located at the northern tip of the Puuc hills - a few kilometers to the east of the modern town of Maxcanú, Yucatán, Mexico.-Etymology:...
and path Puuc, to the caves of Calcehtok and Loltún and the colonial cities of Merida and Campeche
Campeche
Campeche is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. Located in Southeast Mexico, it is bordered by the states of Yucatán to the north east, Quintana Roo to the east, and Tabasco to the south west...
(Heritage), the route of the Franciscan Monastery and the coastal area and biosphere reserve Celestún
Celestún
Celestún is a town in Yucatán, Mexico. It is located in the northwest corner of the state, just north of the border with the state of Campeche, on the Gulf of Mexico coast at....
e Isla Arenas and to the famous Chichen Itza
Chichen Itza
Chichen Itza is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site built by the Maya civilization located in the northern center of the Yucatán Peninsula, in the Municipality of Tinúm, Yucatán state, present-day Mexico....
site.
Pre-Hispanic History
The original city is attributed to the ToltecToltec
The Toltec culture is an archaeological Mesoamerican culture that dominated a state centered in Tula, Hidalgo in the early post-classic period of Mesoamerican chronology...
, its archaeological remains dating back over 2,800 years. The first Mayan
Maya civilization
The Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. Initially established during the Pre-Classic period The Maya is a Mesoamerican...
s settlements dating from the late Classical period
Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world...
. It lies within the Mayan region known today as "Puuc
Puuc
Puuc is the name of either a region in the Mexican state of Yucatán or a Maya architectural style prevalent in that region. The word "puuc" is derived from the Maya term for "hill". Since the Yucatán is relatively flat, this term was extended to encompass the large karstic range of hills in the...
". The population was united with its more important neighbors by the white roads called "sacbé
Sacbe
right|thumb|Sacbe at Dzibilchaltun in the Yucatánthumb|right|Arch at the end of the sacbé, Kabah, YucatánSacbe, plural Sacbeob, or "white ways" are raised paved roads built by the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica...
", which also performs a religious function. The meaning of the name of the settlement was "Red Rock" or "red stone" due to the natural color of their building in stone. In the National Archaeological Museum of Spain, there are parts of the ancient Toltec city that Don Jose Dominguez (owner of the hacienda) in 1865 gave the Marquis de la Rivera, Don Juan Ximénez de Sandoval. In the third international conference Mayanist, in 1995, is mentioned as one of the Chactún initial locations in the Mayan world, next to the Mirador, Izapa, Kaminaljuyu, Abaj Takalik, Auaxactun and tikal, which developed the architecture and urbanization around 300 BC. In the story of the discoveries that Dr. Augustus Le Plogeon was in Yucatan in 1876, and published under the title "The Maya, the sources of their history," mentions the hacienda Chactun with these words: "When visiting the large estate of Chactun, belonging to Don José Dominguez, thirty miles south-west of Mérida, the writer saw a large ruin similar to that called the “House of the Nuns” at Uxmal. It was a building of a quadrangular shape, with apartments opening on an interior court in the centre of the quadrangle. The building was in good preservation, and some of the rooms were used as depositories for corn. The visiting party breakfasted in one of the larger apartments".
Hacienda Chactun history
Haciendas in Yucatan were part of an economic system begun by the Spanish in the 16th century, similar to European feudal system. Initially dedicated to the production of cornMaize
Maize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
, their activities will be diversified with the production of cane sugar, henequen
Henequen
Henequen is an agave whose leaves yield a fiber also called henequen which is suitable for rope and twine, but not of as high a quality as sisal. Alternative spellings are Henequin and Heniquen. It is the major plantation fiber agave of eastern Mexico, being grown extensively in Yucatán,...
and cattle
Cattle
Cattle are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius...
. San Jose Chactún became a leading hacienda in the heyday of the state of Yucatan as a result of technological and social advances. With a train station and many services for worker, the Hacienda funcioned as a small town. It has two churches, a main house and a house of stripes, and the ruins of the old canteen, the mill and the stables and a monumental home machines.
The title of the first lands in the royal decree is January 9, 1560, granted in Cogolludo lib.6, Cap.8. The land was vastly improved between 1623 and 1700, the site of Nohcacab (in the municipality of Becal) was sold in that year, with a sales letter dated the 24th of December, and so the property became the Hacienda "Chactún Nohcacab" ubicac boundaries between Maxcanú
Maxcanú
Maxcanú is a large town in the western part of the Mexican state of Yucatán; it also functions as the seat for the Municipality of Maxcanú. It is located on Federal Highway 180, approximately 62 km south of Mérida....
, Becal, Calkiní
Calkiní
Calkiní is a city in the Mexican state of Campeche. It is situated at the northern tip of the state, on the central western coast the Yucatán Peninsula...
and Halachó.
In the second half of 18th century it is known that the property was acquired by a Spaniard, named Pedro Tadeo, as reported in Indian file documents.
In the first half of the 19th century the estate had passed into the hands of Lorenzo Peon y Cano (his grandfather, Alonso Manuel de Peon Valdes, had come to Indian in the first half of the 18th century), then the estate was inherited by Maria de Jesus Peon Fajardo and her son José Dominguez Peón.
For much of the 19th century and all the 20th century the estate has been linked to the same family, also owners of the palace Montejo in Merida. Jose Dominguez Peon, a shareholder in the railroad Merida-Campeche, got one of the 8 stops on the railway line, which opened in 1898, was at the hacienda owned "San Jose Chactún".
Henequen production continued until about 60 years ago. Since then the estate was gradually losing its splendor. Sara Arrigunaga juanes began the project of renovating the hacienda by repairing buildings and trying to increase its production with ranching and citris production.
The patron saints of the hacienda are Saint Joseph
Saint Joseph
Saint Joseph is a figure in the Gospels, the husband of the Virgin Mary and the earthly father of Jesus Christ ....
(March 19) and Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
Immaculate Conception
The Immaculate Conception of Mary is a dogma of the Roman Catholic Church, according to which the Virgin Mary was conceived without any stain of original sin. It is one of the four dogmata in Roman Catholic Mariology...
(December 8).
Sources
- Archivo General de Indias, Audiencia de México AGI, Mexico 3066
- Nancy Marguerite Farriss, Propiedades territoriales en Yucatán en la época colonial: algunas observaciones acerca de la pobreza española y la autonomía indígena, en historia mexicana, México 1980, v. XXX
- Nancy M. Farriss, Nucleation versus dispersal: The dynamics of population movement in colonial yucatan
- Bracamonte, P y Solís, R., Los espacios de autonomía maya, Ed. UADY, Mérida, 1997.
- Nancy Marguerite Farriss, Maya society under colonial rule: the collective enterprise of survival, 1984 by Princeton University Press
- Registro Público de la propiedad y del comercio de Yucatán, Títulos de Chactún
- Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán, Los municipios de Yucatán, 1988.
- Kurjack, Edward y Silvia Garza, Atlas arqueológico del Estado de Yucatán, Ed. INAH, 1980.
- Patch, Robert, La formación de las estancias y haciendas en Yucatán durante la colonia, Ed. UADY, 1976.
- Peón Ancona, J. F., "Las antiguas haciendas de Yucatán", en Diario de Yucatán, Mérida, 1971.
- Ayuntamiento de Maxcanú, Yucatán
- Carlos Justo Sierra, Campeche en el siglo XIX
- Stephen Salisbury, Jr., The Mayas, the Sources of Their History / Dr. Le Plongeon in Yucatan, His Account of Discoveries
- Demography and parish affairs in Yucatan, 1797-1897: documents from the ... Escrito por Joaquín de Arrigunaga Peón,Carol Steichen Dumond,Don E. Dumond,Archivo de la Mitra
- Redemption's archive: revolutionary figures and Indian work in Yucatán, Mexico Escrito por Paul K. Eiss