Haden (mango)
Encyclopedia
The 'Haden' mango is a named mango cultivar that became one of the most widely cultivated in the world after it was introduced in the early 20th century through south Florida. It would ultimately become the parent of many other mango cultivars later developed in Florida.
, planted four dozen seedlings of 'Mulgoba
' mangoes he had purchased from Professor Elbridge Gale in Mangonia, near Lake Worth Lagoon
in the area of present-day West Palm Beach. Haden would die the following year, but his wife Florence cared for the trees at their property in Coconut Grove, which first fruited in 1910. One tree in particular produced superior quality fruit, with brilliant color and good flavor. This cultivar was selected and given the family name. Both historical and pedigree analysis indicates that 'Haden' was likely the result of a cross between 'Mulgoba' and a 'Turpentine' mango.
Florence Haden, realizing the potential of the cultivar, reported its success to the Florida State Horticultural Society, and sent two specimens of the fruit to the United States Department of Agriculture
, and another larger mango to Edward Simmonds of the Plant Introduction Station
at Miami. Simmonds was immediately intrigued and eventually took up propagating the 'Haden' in south Florida. 'Haden' became a big commercial success, largely due to its large-scale propagation by nursery-owner George Cellon, and would dominate the mango industry in the state for roughly 25 years, as well as being introduced to other locations with great success, such as Honduras
, Hawaii
and Australia
. 'Haden' gradually fell out of favor as a commercial mango largely due to fungus problems, along with inconsistent production, problems with internal breakdown of the fruit (also known as jelly seed), and the availability of new varieties with superior characteristics. Most of the mango varieties subsequently developed in Florida were either direct or indirect descendants of 'Haden'.
Named mango varieties that are likely directly descended from Haden include:
Despite falling out of favor as a commercial production mango, 'Haden' remained one of the most widely propagated mangoes for nursery stock and home growing throughout the decades, and continues to be today.
'Haden' trees are planted in the collections of the USDA's germplasm repository in Miami, Florida
, the University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, Florida
, and the Miami-Dade Fruit and Spice Park
, also in Homestead. The original tree still stands in Coconut Grove.
The tree is a fairly large and vigorous grower, with a rounded canopy capable of attaining heights between 20 and 30 feet.
History
In 1902, Captain John J. Haden, a retired U.S. army officer living in Coconut Grove, FloridaCoconut Grove, Florida
Coconut Grove is the oldest continuously inhabited neighborhood of Miami, Florida in Miami-Dade County, United States. The neighborhood is roughly bound by North Prospect Drive to the south, LeJeune Road to the west, South Dixie Highway and Rickenbacker Causeway to the north, and Biscayne Bay to...
, planted four dozen seedlings of 'Mulgoba
Mulgoba (mango)
The Mulgoba mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in India and was brought to the United States.- History :There is considerable speculation as to the origin of the Mulgoba variety. What is known is that Mulgoba was sent from India to the US in 1889 as part of a program to introduce...
' mangoes he had purchased from Professor Elbridge Gale in Mangonia, near Lake Worth Lagoon
Lake Worth Lagoon
The Lake Worth Lagoon is a lagoon located in Palm Beach County, Florida. It runs parallel to the coast, and is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by barrier beaches, including Palm Beach Island. The lagoon is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by two permanent, man-made inlets.-Geography:Lake Worth...
in the area of present-day West Palm Beach. Haden would die the following year, but his wife Florence cared for the trees at their property in Coconut Grove, which first fruited in 1910. One tree in particular produced superior quality fruit, with brilliant color and good flavor. This cultivar was selected and given the family name. Both historical and pedigree analysis indicates that 'Haden' was likely the result of a cross between 'Mulgoba' and a 'Turpentine' mango.
Florence Haden, realizing the potential of the cultivar, reported its success to the Florida State Horticultural Society, and sent two specimens of the fruit to the United States Department of Agriculture
United States Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture is the United States federal executive department responsible for developing and executing U.S. federal government policy on farming, agriculture, and food...
, and another larger mango to Edward Simmonds of the Plant Introduction Station
Chapman Field (Miami)
Chapman Field is a facility of the US government in South Miami-Dade county. Dating from 1898, it is one of the oldest entities in South Florida. Its official title is the Subtropical Horticulture Research Station of the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture...
at Miami. Simmonds was immediately intrigued and eventually took up propagating the 'Haden' in south Florida. 'Haden' became a big commercial success, largely due to its large-scale propagation by nursery-owner George Cellon, and would dominate the mango industry in the state for roughly 25 years, as well as being introduced to other locations with great success, such as Honduras
Honduras
Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
, Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...
and Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
. 'Haden' gradually fell out of favor as a commercial mango largely due to fungus problems, along with inconsistent production, problems with internal breakdown of the fruit (also known as jelly seed), and the availability of new varieties with superior characteristics. Most of the mango varieties subsequently developed in Florida were either direct or indirect descendants of 'Haden'.
Named mango varieties that are likely directly descended from Haden include:
- Allen-King/Everbearing
- AndersonAnderson (mango)The Anderson' mango is a large named-mango cultivar that originated in the state of Florida.- History :The original tree was started from a 'Sandersha' mango seed sent from Jamaica in 1926 and was planted on the L. F Anderson's property in Miami, Florida. The tree fruited in 1931 and was named in...
(Haden x Sandersha cross) - Bailey's MarvelBailey's Marvel (mango)The Bailey's Marvel' mango is a named, mid-season mango cultivar that originated in southwest Florida.- History :The original tree was grown on Pine Island, Florida and grew from a 'Haden' mango seed planted in the 1940s on the property of the Bailey brothers. A 2005 pedigree analysis estimated...
(Haden x Bombay cross) - Becky (Haden x Brooks cross)
- CogshallCogshall (mango)The Cogshall' mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in southwest Florida.- History :The original tree grew from a seed planted in Pine Island, Florida. For decades the parentage of Cogshall was unknown, however a 2005 pedigree analysis estimated that 'Haden' was the parent...
- CushmanCushman (mango)The Cushman' mango is a mango cultivar that originated in south Florida. The variety had limited commercial application but has been sold as a dooryard tree.- History :...
(Haden x Amini cross) - EarlygoldEarlygold (mango)The Earlygold mango is an early-season mango cultivar that originated in Pine Island, Florida.- History :The original tree was grown on the grove of Frank Adams in Pine Island, Florida. For decades the parentage of the tree was unknown but a pedigree analysis indicated that Haden was the likely...
- EdwardEdward (mango)The Edward' mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.-History:During the early 20th century, Edward Simmonds was the head of the USDA's Plant Introduction Station in Miami, Florida...
- FascellFascell (mango)The Fascell' mango is a named commercial mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.-History:The original tree was grown from a seed planted by Michael Fascell of Miami, Florida in 1929, and was likely a cross between 'Haden' and 'Brooks'. Fascell's intention was to create a variety to fill...
(Haden x Brooks cross) - GlennGlenn (mango)- History :'Glenn' was reportedly a seedling of a Saigon that was planted in Miami, Florida in 1940. It was moved to the property of Roscoe E. Glenn in 1943. The tree first produced fruit in 1945, and was found to be of good quality. While it was propagated thereafter in the state, it did not...
- HatcherHatcher (mango)The Hatcher' mango is a named commercial mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.- History :The original tree was grown from seed on the property of nurseryman John Hatcher in Lantana, Florida and was selected during the 1940s. A 2005 pedigree analysis indicated that 'Hatcher' was likely a...
(Haden x Brooks cross) - Hodson
- Jacquelin (Haden x Bombay cross)
- KentKent (mango)The Kent' mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.-History:The original tree, a seedling of the Brooks cultivar started in September of 1932, was planted on January 1st, 1933 on the property of Leith D. Kent in Coconut Grove, Florida. 'Kent' was reportedly a cross between...
(Haden x Brooks cross) - IrwinIrwin (mango)The Irwin' mango is a commercial mango cultivar which was developed in South Florida.- History :The original 'Irwin' tree was a seedling of the 'Lippens' cultivar that was open-cross pollinated with 'Haden', planted on the property of F.D. Irwin in Miami, Florida in 1939. The tree first bore fruit...
(Haden x Lippens cross) - LippensLippens (mango)The Lippens mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.- History :The original tree was reportedly grown from a Haden mango seed planted on the property of Peter and Irene Lippens in Miami, Florida in 1931. The tree first fruited in 1938, and commercial propagation began in 1945...
- OsteenOsteen (mango)The Osteen' mango is a commercial mango cultivar that originated in Merritt Island, Florida.-History:The original tree grew from a seed planted in 1935 on the property of S.A. Osteen, the first County Commissioner of Brevard County, Florida. 'Osteen' was reportedly a seedling of 'Haden', which...
- PalmerPalmer (mango)The Palmer' mango is a large, commercially grown late-season mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.- History :The original tree was grown from a seed planted around 1925 on the property of Mrs. Victor Mell of Miami, Florida. For the following decades 'Palmer' 's parentage was unknown,...
- ParvinParvin (mango)The Parvin' mango is a named commercial mango cultivar that originated in Southwest Florida.- History :The original tree was reportedly grown from a 'Haden' mango seed, and was planted in 1940 on the property of Clint Fisk Parvin in Bradenton, Florida...
- RubyRuby (mango)The Ruby mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in south Florida and is known for its bright red color.-History:The original Ruby tree was grown from a seed on the property of E.P. Davis in Miami, Florida. It was named in 1948, when it was first evaluated by the variety committee of the...
- SensationSensation (mango)The Sensation' mango is a late-season mango cultivar that originated in south Florida and was grown on a commercial scale.- History :The original tree grew from a seed planted in North Miami, Florida in 1935. For some decades the parents of 'Sensation' were unknown, but a 2005 pedigree analysis...
(Haden x Brooks cross) - Southern BlushSouthern Blush (mango)The Southern Blush' mango is a named commercial mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.- History :The exact origin of the 'Southern Blush' mango is uncertain, however a 2005 pedigree analysis estimated that 'Southern Blush' may be the result of a cross between the 'Haden' and 'Cushman'...
(Haden x Cushman cross) - Spirit of '76Spirit of '76 (mango)- History :The original tree was grown on the property of Lawrence Zill of Boynton Beach, Florida and was reportedly a seedling of the Zill cultivar that had been open cross pollinated with Haden...
(Haden x Zill cross) - SpringfelsSpringfels (mango)The Springfels mango is a large, commercially grown mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.- History :Charles F. Springfels was a German immigrant to the United States who had established a jewelry manufacturing business in Buffalo, New York. When his health began to decline he moved to...
- Tommy AtkinsTommy Atkins (mango)Tommy Atkins is the most important mango cultivar in global trade. Although generally not considered to be the best in terms of sweetness and flavor, it is valued for its very long shelf life and tolerance of handling and transportation with little or no bruising or degradation.This means it is the...
- TorbertTorbert (mango)The Torbert mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in south Florida. It is sometimes incorrectly spelled Torbet or Tolbert.- History :...
- Valencia PrideValencia Pride (mango)The Valencia Pride mango is a named late season mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.- History :The original tree was reportedly grown from a Haden mango seed planted in 1937 on the property of Mrs. Charles Brown in Miami, Florida. The tree first fruited in 1941. A 2005 pedigree analysis...
- Van DykeVan Dyke (mango)The Van Dyke mango is a named commercial mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.- History :The original tree grew from a seed likely planted in the 1930s on the property of Mrs. Madeline Van Dyke in Miami, Florida. For decades the parentage of 'Van Dyke' was unknown, though a 2005 pedigree...
- Winters (Haden x Ono cross)
- ZillZill (mango)The Zill' mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.- History :The original tree reportedly grew from a 'Haden' seed planted in 1922 by Carl King of Lake Worth, Florida. A 2005 pedigree analysis estimated that 'Zill' may have been a cross between 'Haden' and 'Bombay'. The...
(Haden x Bombay cross)
Despite falling out of favor as a commercial production mango, 'Haden' remained one of the most widely propagated mangoes for nursery stock and home growing throughout the decades, and continues to be today.
'Haden' trees are planted in the collections of the USDA's germplasm repository in Miami, Florida
Miami, Florida
Miami is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625...
, the University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, Florida
Homestead, Florida
Homestead is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States nestled between Biscayne National Park to the east and Everglades National Park to the west. Homestead is primarily a Miami suburb and a major agricultural area....
, and the Miami-Dade Fruit and Spice Park
Fruit and Spice Park
The Fruit and Spice Park is a botanical garden in metropolitan Miami at 24801 SW 187 Avenue, located in the rural agricultural community of the Redland, Florida, United States.-Exhibits:...
, also in Homestead. The original tree still stands in Coconut Grove.
Description
The fruit typically reaches maturity from June to July, averaging 1 to 2 pounds in weight. It is of round, oval shape and has yellow color with a red crimson blush. The flesh is slightly fibrous but has a full, sweet flavor. It contains a monoembryonic seed.The tree is a fairly large and vigorous grower, with a rounded canopy capable of attaining heights between 20 and 30 feet.