Hamburg Temple
Encyclopedia
The Hamburg Temple was the synagogue of the Jewish reform movement
in Hamburg
(Germany) from 1818 to 1938. It was the first reform synagogue in Germany.
The New Israelite Temple Society was founded in 1817. One of the pioneers of the Temple movement was Israel Jacobson
(1768–1828). In 1810 he founded his school synagogue in Seesen, and Kassel.
Dr. Eduard Kley together with Dr. Gotthold Salomon were the first spiritual leaders of the Hamburg Temple in 1818. The first members included Meyer Israel Bresselau
, Lazarus Gumpel and Ruben Daniel Warburg. Later members included Salomon Heine
and Dr. Gabriel Riesser
, who was chairman of the Temple Association from 1840 to 1843.
The Hamburg Temple was founded in 1818 in the Brunnenstraße (Hamburg
Neustadt).
The religious service of the Hamburg Temple was disseminated at the 1820 Leipzig Trade Fair
, where Jewish businessmen from Germany, many other European countries, and the United States met and discussed the new ritual. As a consequence, the Reform community, including New York and Baltimore, adopted the Hamburg Temple's new prayer book, which was read from left to right, as in the Christian world.
In 1844 the New Temple Poolstraße was built by Johann Hinrich Klees-Wülbern.
In 1879, Rabbi
Max Sänger asked Moritz Henle
to come to Hamburg Temple and Henle decided to accept the offer from Hamburg. He immediately began his work in Hamburg by forming a mixed choir. One member of the mixed choir was Caroline Franziska Herschel, who was related to Moses Mendelssohn
. They married in 1882 and from that date on his wife accompanied Henle during his performances as well as during official functions.
In 1883, Dávid Leimdörfer
became rabbi at Hamburg Temple, where he is also principal of the school for religion as all other rabbis. He died 1922.
In 1931 another New Temple was built in the Oberstraße and it was a great time with the rabbi Bruno Italiener. But 1938 the Nazis closed the Temple after Kristallnacht
.
The influence of the Temple movement was not restricted to the liberal community; one of the lasting effects has been the introduction of the sermon in German, also within the orthodox community. Today Reform Judaism, with its origins in the Hamburg Temple, has just in the United States circa 2 million members.
Reform Judaism
Reform Judaism refers to various beliefs, practices and organizations associated with the Reform Jewish movement in North America, the United Kingdom and elsewhere. In general, it maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and should be compatible with participation in the...
in Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
(Germany) from 1818 to 1938. It was the first reform synagogue in Germany.
The New Israelite Temple Society was founded in 1817. One of the pioneers of the Temple movement was Israel Jacobson
Israel Jacobson
Israel Jacobson was a German philanthropist and, according to Borowitz and Patz in Explaining Reform Judaism , is considered the "father" of the Reform movement in Judaism.-Origins:...
(1768–1828). In 1810 he founded his school synagogue in Seesen, and Kassel.
Dr. Eduard Kley together with Dr. Gotthold Salomon were the first spiritual leaders of the Hamburg Temple in 1818. The first members included Meyer Israel Bresselau
Meyer Israel Bresselau
Meyer Israel Bresselau was a founding member and chairman of the Hamburg Temple, one of the first Jewish reform congregations in Germany....
, Lazarus Gumpel and Ruben Daniel Warburg. Later members included Salomon Heine
Salomon Heine
Salomon Heine was a merchant and banker in Hamburg. Heine was born in Hanover, Germany. Penniless, he came to Hamburg in 1784 and in the following years acquired sizeable assets. It was common knowledge at the time that he was benefactor and patron to his nephew Heinrich Heine...
and Dr. Gabriel Riesser
Gabriel Riesser
Gabriel Riesser was a German politician and lawyer.-Life:Both of Riesser's grandfathers were rabbis; yet his father chose to work as a secretary at the Jewish law court of Altona before he finally became a merchant in Hamburg...
, who was chairman of the Temple Association from 1840 to 1843.
The Hamburg Temple was founded in 1818 in the Brunnenstraße (Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
Neustadt).
The religious service of the Hamburg Temple was disseminated at the 1820 Leipzig Trade Fair
Leipzig Trade Fair
The Leipzig Trade Fair was a major fair for trade across Central Europe for nearly a millennium. After the Second World War, its location happened to lie within the borders of East Germany, whereupon it became one of the most important trade fairs of Comecon and was traditionally a meeting place...
, where Jewish businessmen from Germany, many other European countries, and the United States met and discussed the new ritual. As a consequence, the Reform community, including New York and Baltimore, adopted the Hamburg Temple's new prayer book, which was read from left to right, as in the Christian world.
In 1844 the New Temple Poolstraße was built by Johann Hinrich Klees-Wülbern.
In 1879, Rabbi
Rabbi
In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word רבי , meaning "My Master" , which is the way a student would address a master of Torah...
Max Sänger asked Moritz Henle
Moritz Henle
Moritz Henle was a prominent German composer of liturgical music and cantor of the Jewish reform movement....
to come to Hamburg Temple and Henle decided to accept the offer from Hamburg. He immediately began his work in Hamburg by forming a mixed choir. One member of the mixed choir was Caroline Franziska Herschel, who was related to Moses Mendelssohn
Moses Mendelssohn
Moses Mendelssohn was a German Jewish philosopher to whose ideas the renaissance of European Jews, Haskalah is indebted...
. They married in 1882 and from that date on his wife accompanied Henle during his performances as well as during official functions.
In 1883, Dávid Leimdörfer
David Leimdörfer
Dr. David Leimdörfer was a rabbi born in Hliník nad Hronom , Kingdom of Hungary, 17 September 1851.He was educated at his native place and at Zsolna , Waitzen , Budapest, Pressburg , and Vienna...
became rabbi at Hamburg Temple, where he is also principal of the school for religion as all other rabbis. He died 1922.
In 1931 another New Temple was built in the Oberstraße and it was a great time with the rabbi Bruno Italiener. But 1938 the Nazis closed the Temple after Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht, also referred to as the Night of Broken Glass, and also Reichskristallnacht, Pogromnacht, and Novemberpogrome, was a pogrom or series of attacks against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria on 9–10 November 1938.Jewish homes were ransacked, as were shops, towns and...
.
- Temple rabbis were Eduard Kley, Gotthold Salomon, Naphtali Frankfurter, Hermann Jonas, Max Sänger, David LeimdörferDavid LeimdörferDr. David Leimdörfer was a rabbi born in Hliník nad Hronom , Kingdom of Hungary, 17 September 1851.He was educated at his native place and at Zsolna , Waitzen , Budapest, Pressburg , and Vienna...
, Caesar Seligman, Paul Rieger, Jacob SonderlingJacob SonderlingJacob Sonderling was a German and American Rabbi. He was born in a chassidic family and was an early Zionist . His aim was to combine art and religion....
, Schlomo Rülf, and Bruno Italiener. - Temple hazzanHazzanA hazzan or chazzan is a Jewish cantor, a musician trained in the vocal arts who helps lead the congregation in songful prayer.There are many rules relating to how a cantor should lead services, but the idea of a cantor as a paid professional does not exist in classical rabbinic sources...
s were David Meldola, Joseph Piza, Ignaz Mandl, Moritz HenleMoritz HenleMoritz Henle was a prominent German composer of liturgical music and cantor of the Jewish reform movement....
, and Leon Kornitzer.
The influence of the Temple movement was not restricted to the liberal community; one of the lasting effects has been the introduction of the sermon in German, also within the orthodox community. Today Reform Judaism, with its origins in the Hamburg Temple, has just in the United States circa 2 million members.
Sources
- Prayerbook Hamburg Temple of Bodleian LibraryBodleian LibraryThe Bodleian Library , the main research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in Britain is second in size only to the British Library...
- Gotthold SalomonGotthold SalomonGotthold Salomon was a German Jewish rabbi, politician and Bible translator....
: Predigten in dem Neuen Israelitischen Tempel. Erste Sammlung. J. Ahrons, Hamburg 1820
- Gotthold Salomon
- Digitalisat des Exemplars der Harvard University Library
- Eduard Kley, Gotthold Salomon: Sammlung der neuesten Predigten: gehalten in dem Neuen Israelitischen Tempel zu Hamburg. Hamburg: J. Ahrons 1826.
- Digitalisat des Exemplars der Harvard University LibraryHarvard University LibraryThe Harvard University Library system comprises about 90 libraries, with more than 16 million volumes. It is the oldest library system in the United States, the largest academic and the largest private library system in the world...
- Gotthold Salomon: Festpredigten für alle Feyertage des Herrn: gehalten im neuen Israelitischen Tempel zu Hamburg. Hamburg: Nestler 1829
- Digitalisat des Exemplars der Harvard University Library
- Gotthold Salomon: Das neue Gebetbuch und seine Verketzerung. Hamburg 1841
- Caesar Seligmann (1860–1950): (Hrsg. von Erwin Seligmann) Erinnerungen Frankfurt am Main 1975
- Andreas Brämer: Judentum und religiöse Reform. Der Hamburger Israelitische Tempel 1817–1938. Dölling und Galitz Verlag, Hamburg 2000 ISBN 3-933374-78-2
- Michael A. Meyer: Antwort auf die Moderne. Böhlau, Wien 2000 ISBN 978-3205983637
- Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden, Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Hamburg: Jüdische Stätten in Hamburg - Karte mit Erläuterungen. 3. Aufl. Hamburg 2001, unverkäuflich.
- Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden (Hrsg.): Das Jüdische Hamburg – ein historisches Nachschlagewerk, Göttingen 2006
External links
- http://philomusica.unipv.it/annate/2004-5/saggi/hirsch/index.htmlDid Felix MendelssohnFelix MendelssohnJakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Barthóldy , use the form 'Mendelssohn' and not 'Mendelssohn Bartholdy'. The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians gives ' Felix Mendelssohn' as the entry, with 'Mendelssohn' used in the body text...
make his Psalm 100Psalm 100Psalm 100 is part of the biblical Book of Psalms. It may be used as a canticle in the Anglican liturgy of Morning Prayer, when it is referred to by its incipit as the Jubilate or Jubilate Deo...
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