Hamengkubuwono I
Encyclopedia
Hamengkubuwono I, born Raden Mas Sujana (d. 1792), was the first sultan of Yogyakarta.
Sujana, the Crown Prince, was known as Prince Mangkubumi prior to becoming sultan of Yogyakarta Sultanate
. As a son of Sultan Sunan Prabu of Mataram Mataram
ruler, and brother to Prince Heir Apparent Pakubuwono II
of Surakarta
a dispute arose concerning Succession to the Mataram throne. Prince Mangkubumi challenged brother Pakubuwono II
who was aided by the Dutch East India Company
seeking a more pliant VOC puppet as Central Javanese king. The war that eventuated was known as the Third Succession War in Mataram.
During the war Prince Mangkubumi was aided by brilliant legendary army commander-in-chief Raden Mas Said who fought in a highly effective strategic manner. Mangkubumi won decisive battles at Grobogan, Demak and Bogowonto River. During the War in 1749, Pakubuwono II
died and the Crown Prince Mangkubumi became Sultan. At the Battle of Bogowonto River in 1751, the Dutch Army under De Clerck was destroyed by Mangkubumi's forces. Raden Mas revolted in dispute with Prince Mangkubumi. The Succession War and revolt of Raden Mas Said ended when the Gyanti Treaty of 1755 Giyanti Treaty, signed in Giyanti- an area east of Surakarta (capital of Matarm Empire) Raden Mas Said was granted Royal Appenages and the title Mangkunegara.
According to the Giyanti Treaty, Mataram was firstly divided into two kingdoms, Surakarta with Pakubuwono III
as ruler, and Yogyakarta Sultanate with Prince Mangkubumi as sultan
with the title Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I Senopati Ing Ngalaga Sayidin Panatagama Kalifatulah. Yogyakarta
became capital and a new palace was built with a magnificent water palace in the west of his grounds Taman Sari
.
Sultan Hamengkubuwono died in 1792 and was interred in the Royal cemetery of Astana Kasuwargan in Imogiri
. He was succeeded by Hamengkubuwono II, his son.
Sujana, the Crown Prince, was known as Prince Mangkubumi prior to becoming sultan of Yogyakarta Sultanate
Yogyakarta Sultanate
Yogyakarta Sultanate is a Javanese monarchy in the province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.-History:...
. As a son of Sultan Sunan Prabu of Mataram Mataram
Mataram Sultanate
The Sultanate of Mataram was the last major independent Javanese empire on Java before the island was colonized by the Dutch. It was the dominant political force in interior Central Java from the late 16th century until the beginning of the 18th century....
ruler, and brother to Prince Heir Apparent Pakubuwono II
Pakubuwono II
Pakubuwono II was the last ruler of Kartasura and the first Susuhunan...
of Surakarta
Surakarta
Surakarta, also called Solo or Sala, is a city in Central Java, Indonesia of more than 520,061 people with a population density of 11,811.5 people/km2. The 44 km2 city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and...
a dispute arose concerning Succession to the Mataram throne. Prince Mangkubumi challenged brother Pakubuwono II
Pakubuwono II
Pakubuwono II was the last ruler of Kartasura and the first Susuhunan...
who was aided by the Dutch East India Company
Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia...
seeking a more pliant VOC puppet as Central Javanese king. The war that eventuated was known as the Third Succession War in Mataram.
During the war Prince Mangkubumi was aided by brilliant legendary army commander-in-chief Raden Mas Said who fought in a highly effective strategic manner. Mangkubumi won decisive battles at Grobogan, Demak and Bogowonto River. During the War in 1749, Pakubuwono II
Pakubuwono II
Pakubuwono II was the last ruler of Kartasura and the first Susuhunan...
died and the Crown Prince Mangkubumi became Sultan. At the Battle of Bogowonto River in 1751, the Dutch Army under De Clerck was destroyed by Mangkubumi's forces. Raden Mas revolted in dispute with Prince Mangkubumi. The Succession War and revolt of Raden Mas Said ended when the Gyanti Treaty of 1755 Giyanti Treaty, signed in Giyanti- an area east of Surakarta (capital of Matarm Empire) Raden Mas Said was granted Royal Appenages and the title Mangkunegara.
According to the Giyanti Treaty, Mataram was firstly divided into two kingdoms, Surakarta with Pakubuwono III
Pakubuwono III
Pakubuwono III was the third Susuhunan . Also known as Sinuhun Paliyan Negari He was proclaimed by the Dutch as ruler of Mataram in 1749, but when the state was divided into the states of Surakarta and Yogyakarta in 1755, he was proclaimed as the first Susuhanan of Surakarta.-References:Miksic,...
as ruler, and Yogyakarta Sultanate with Prince Mangkubumi as sultan
Sultan
Sultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
with the title Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I Senopati Ing Ngalaga Sayidin Panatagama Kalifatulah. Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (city)
Yogyakarta is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to...
became capital and a new palace was built with a magnificent water palace in the west of his grounds Taman Sari
Taman Sari (Yogyakarta)
Taman Sari also known as Taman Sari Water Castle is a site of a former royal garden of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. It is located about 2 km south within the grounds of the Kraton, Yogyakarta, Indonesia...
.
Sultan Hamengkubuwono died in 1792 and was interred in the Royal cemetery of Astana Kasuwargan in Imogiri
Imogiri
Imogiri is a royal graveyard complex in Yogyakarta, in south-central Java, Indonesia, as well as a modern village located near the graveyard in Bantul regency. Imogiri is a traditional resting place for the royalty of central Java, including many rulers of the Sultanate of Mataram and of the...
. He was succeeded by Hamengkubuwono II, his son.
Further reading
- Ricklefs, M.C.M. C. RicklefsMerle Calvin Ricklefs is a scholar of the history and current affairs of Indonesia. He received his Ph.D. from Cornell University under the supervision of O. W. Wolters. He has taught at School of Oriental and African Studies, All Souls College, Monash University, Australian National University...
(1974) Jogjakarta under Sultan Mangkubumi, 1749–1792: A history of the division of Java . London Oriental Series, vol. 30. London : Oxford University Press, (Revised Indonesian edition 2002)