Haojing
Encyclopedia
This article is about the ancient Zhou Dynasty capital, for Haojing'ao see Macau
Haojing was one of the two settlements comprising the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty
(1066-770 BCE), the other of which was Fēngjīng (沣京/灃京). Together they were known as Fēnghào
(沣镐/灃鎬) and stood on opposite banks of the Feng River (沣河) with Haojing on the east bank. Archaeological discoveries indicate that the ruins of Hàojīng lie next to the Fēng River around the north end of Doumen Street (斗门街) in present-day Xi'an
, Shaanxi Province. This was the center of government for King Wu of Zhou
(r. 1046-1043 BCE).
(r. 1099-1056 BCE) moved the Zhou capital from Qíyì
(岐邑) to Fēngjīng; for reasons unknown, his son King Wu later relocated to Hàojīng. Fēngjīng became the site of the Zhou Ancestral Shrine and gardens whilst Hàojīng contained the royal residence and government headquarters. The settlement was also known as Zōngzhōu (宗周) to indicate its role as the capital of the vassal states.
During the reign of King Cheng of Zhou
(r. 1042-1021 BCE), the Duke of Zhou
built a second settlement at Luòyì (雒邑), also known as Chéngzhōu (成周), in order to reinforce control of the eastern part of the kingdom. From then on, although King Cheng was permanently stationed in Chéngzhōu, Hàojīng remained the main operations center.
At the time of King Zhao of Zhou
(r. 996-977 BCE), further reinforcement of the eastern part of the Zhou kingdom took place thus Chéngzhōu became the major center of operations.
In King You of Zhou
's reign (r. 781-771 BCE), the Marquess of Shen
with support from Quanrong
nomads from the west overran Hàojīng heralding the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty. All the royal buildings in the settlement were razed to the ground although it is not known if those in Fēngjīng survived the conflagration. The newly enthroned King Ping of Zhou
(r. 770-720 BCE) thereafter had no choice but to move the capital east to Chéngzhōu. For sometime after, there were still people who referred to themselves as "Western Zhou" and to Chéngzhōu as Zōngzhōu.
Macau
Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...
Haojing was one of the two settlements comprising the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty
Zhou Dynasty
The Zhou Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty. Although the Zhou Dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history, the actual political and military control of China by the Ji family lasted only until 771 BC, a period known as...
(1066-770 BCE), the other of which was Fēngjīng (沣京/灃京). Together they were known as Fēnghào
Fenghao
Fenghao , is the name given to the twin Chinese Zhou Dynasty settlements of Hàojīng and Fēngjīng which together formed the capital of the Western Zhou. They were located in Xi'an in Shaanxi Province. When King Wen of Zhou Fenghao , is the name given to the twin Chinese Zhou Dynasty (1066-256 BCE)...
(沣镐/灃鎬) and stood on opposite banks of the Feng River (沣河) with Haojing on the east bank. Archaeological discoveries indicate that the ruins of Hàojīng lie next to the Fēng River around the north end of Doumen Street (斗门街) in present-day Xi'an
Xi'an
Xi'an is the capital of the Shaanxi province, and a sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China. One of the oldest cities in China, with more than 3,100 years of history, the city was known as Chang'an before the Ming Dynasty...
, Shaanxi Province. This was the center of government for King Wu of Zhou
King Wu of Zhou
King Wu of Zhōu or King Wu of Chou was the first sovereign, or ruler of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. The dates of his reign are 1046-1043 BCE or 1049/45-1043. Various sources quoted that he died at the age of 93, 54 or 43. He was considered a just and able leader. Zhou Gong Dan was one of his...
(r. 1046-1043 BCE).
Evolution
After founding his dynasty, King Wen of ZhouKing Wen of Zhou
King Wen of Zhou family name : Ji , Clan name : Zhou Personal name: Chang, known as Zhou Chang or Xibo Chang was the founder of the Zhou Dynasty and the first epic hero of Chinese history....
(r. 1099-1056 BCE) moved the Zhou capital from Qíyì
Qishan County
Qishan County is a county of Baoji, Shaanxi, China. It was the site of Zhouyuan , the first capital of the Zhou Dynasty . Historically, the site was also known as Qiyi or Qishan . It is located in Fengchu township on the Weishui River to the south of Mt. Qi...
(岐邑) to Fēngjīng; for reasons unknown, his son King Wu later relocated to Hàojīng. Fēngjīng became the site of the Zhou Ancestral Shrine and gardens whilst Hàojīng contained the royal residence and government headquarters. The settlement was also known as Zōngzhōu (宗周) to indicate its role as the capital of the vassal states.
During the reign of King Cheng of Zhou
King Cheng of Zhou
King Cheng of Zhou or King Ch'eng of Chou was the second sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. The dates of his reign are 1042-1021 BC or 1042/35-1006 BC King Cheng was young when he ascended the throne...
(r. 1042-1021 BCE), the Duke of Zhou
Duke of Zhou
The Duke of Zhou played a major role in consolidating the newly-founded Zhou Dynasty . He was the brother of King Wu of Zhou, the first king of the ancient Chinese Zhou Dynasty...
built a second settlement at Luòyì (雒邑), also known as Chéngzhōu (成周), in order to reinforce control of the eastern part of the kingdom. From then on, although King Cheng was permanently stationed in Chéngzhōu, Hàojīng remained the main operations center.
At the time of King Zhao of Zhou
King Zhao of Zhou
King Zhao of Zhou or King Chao of Chou was the fourth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. The dates of his reign are 995-977 BC or 977/75-957 ....
(r. 996-977 BCE), further reinforcement of the eastern part of the Zhou kingdom took place thus Chéngzhōu became the major center of operations.
In King You of Zhou
King You of Zhou
King You of Zhou was the twelfth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the last of Western Zhou Dynasty. He reigned from 781 to 771 BCE.In 780 BCE, a major earthquake hit Guanzhong...
's reign (r. 781-771 BCE), the Marquess of Shen
Marquess of Shen
The Marquess of Shēn was a ruler of the State of Shēn during the Zhōu Dynasty period of Chinese history. A vassal state of the Zhōu Kings, Shēn state covered the area of modern day Nanyang City in Henan Province....
with support from Quanrong
Quanrong
The Quǎnróng , literally "Dog Rong", were an ethnic group active in the north western part of China during the Zhōu and later dynasties. Their language is classified as part of the Tibeto-Burman branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages family....
nomads from the west overran Hàojīng heralding the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty. All the royal buildings in the settlement were razed to the ground although it is not known if those in Fēngjīng survived the conflagration. The newly enthroned King Ping of Zhou
King Ping of Zhou
King Ping of Zhou , also referred to as Crown Prince Yijiu or King P'ing of Chou was the thirteenth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the first of Eastern Zhou Dynasty...
(r. 770-720 BCE) thereafter had no choice but to move the capital east to Chéngzhōu. For sometime after, there were still people who referred to themselves as "Western Zhou" and to Chéngzhōu as Zōngzhōu.