Hara-Kiri (magazine)
Encyclopedia
In 1960, Georges Bernier
, Cavanna
and Fred Aristidès created the monthly satirical magazine Hara-Kiri. Hara Kiri Hebdo, its weekly counterpart, was first published in 1969.
Other collaborators included Melvin Van Peebles
, Reiser
, Roland Topor
, Moebius
, Wolinski
, Gébé, Cabu
, Delfeil de Ton, Fournier
, Jean-Pierre Bouyxou
and Bernhard Willem Holtrop. In 1966 it published Les Aventures de Jodelle, drawed by Guy Peellaert
and written by Pierre Barbier.
In 1961 and 1966 the monthly magazine was temporarily banned by the French Government.
at his home in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises
, Hara-Kiri Hebdo bore the headline « Bal tragique à Colombey : 1 mort » (English: Tragic ball at Colombey
: 1 death).
The choice of the title refers to a tragedy of the same month: a fire at a discothèque
where 146 people were killed. As a result, the magazine was immediately and permanently banned from sale to minors and publicity by the minister of the interior Raymond Marcellin
.
Charlie Hebdo
was started immediately afterwards. Charlie in the title refers to general de Gaulle
(said Georges Wolinski
); but it was the name of another magazine from Éditions du Square Charlie Mensuel
, named after the character Charlie Brown
from Charles M. Schulz
' Peanuts
.
Georges Bernier
Georges Bernier , more commonly known as Le Professeur Choron, was a French humorist and founder of Hara Kiri magazine.-Early years:...
, Cavanna
François Cavanna
François Cavanna is a French author and satirical newspaper editor.He contributed to the creation and success of Hara-Kiri and Charlie Hebdo...
and Fred Aristidès created the monthly satirical magazine Hara-Kiri. Hara Kiri Hebdo, its weekly counterpart, was first published in 1969.
Other collaborators included Melvin Van Peebles
Melvin Van Peebles
Melvin "Block" Van Peebles is an American actor, director, screenwriter, playwright, novelist and composer.He is most famous for creating the acclaimed film, Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song, which heralded a new era of African American focused films...
, Reiser
Jean-Marc Reiser
Jean-Marc Reiser, April 13, 1941 in Réhon was a French comics creator. He died November 5, 1983 in Paris, of bone cancer.-Biography:...
, Roland Topor
Roland Topor
Roland Topor , was a French illustrator, painter, writer and filmmaker, known for the surreal nature of his work...
, Moebius
Jean Giraud
Jean Henri Gaston Giraud is a French comics artist. Giraud has earned worldwide fame, not only under his own name but also under the pseudonym Moebius, and to a lesser extent Gir, the latter appearing mostly in the form of a boxed signature at the bottom of the artist's paintings, for instance the...
, Wolinski
Georges Wolinski
Georges Wolinski is a French cartoonist and comics writer.-Biography:After discontinuing his architecture studies in Paris, Georges Wolinski began cartooning in 1960, contributing political and erotic cartoons and comic strips to the satirical monthly Hara-Kiri.During the student revolts of May...
, Gébé, Cabu
Cabu
Cabu is a French comic strip artist and caricaturist.He started out studying art at the École Estienne in Paris and his drawings were first published by 1954 in a local newspaper...
, Delfeil de Ton, Fournier
Jean-Claude Fournier
Jean-Claude Fournier , known simply as Fournier, is a French cartoonist best known as the comic book artist who handled Spirou et Fantasio in the years 1969-1979.-Biography:...
, Jean-Pierre Bouyxou
Jean-Pierre Bouyxou
Jean-Pierre Bouyxou is a French film critic, author, filmmaker and actor.-Career:He started his career as a writer in 1964 when his article was published in fanzines...
and Bernhard Willem Holtrop. In 1966 it published Les Aventures de Jodelle, drawed by Guy Peellaert
Guy Peellaert
Guy Peellaert was a Belgian artist, painter, illustrator, comic artist and photographer, most famous for the book Rock Dreams, and his album covers for rock artists like David Bowie and The Rolling Stones ...
and written by Pierre Barbier.
Controversial
Hara Kiri editions, subtitled "Journal bête et méchant" (Stupid and vicious magazine), were constantly aiming at established powers, be they political parties or institutions like the Church or the State.In 1961 and 1966 the monthly magazine was temporarily banned by the French Government.
Hara-Kiri Hebdo becomes Charlie Hebdo
In November 1970, following the death of general de GaulleCharles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President from 1959 to 1969....
at his home in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises
Colombey-les-Deux-Églises
Colombey-les-Deux-Églises is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.The municipality Colombey-les-Deux-Eglises was created administratively in 1793, and it became part of the district of Chaumont and the canton Blaise. In 1801, under the name Colombey, it passed to the...
, Hara-Kiri Hebdo bore the headline « Bal tragique à Colombey : 1 mort » (English: Tragic ball at Colombey
Colombey-les-Deux-Églises
Colombey-les-Deux-Églises is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.The municipality Colombey-les-Deux-Eglises was created administratively in 1793, and it became part of the district of Chaumont and the canton Blaise. In 1801, under the name Colombey, it passed to the...
: 1 death).
The choice of the title refers to a tragedy of the same month: a fire at a discothèque
Club Cinq-Sept fire
The Club Cinq-Sept fire was a major disaster which took place in south-eastern France on Sunday, 1 November 1970. 146 people, almost all of them aged between 17 and 30, died when a nightclub just outside the small town of Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, Isère was completely destroyed in a catastrophic...
where 146 people were killed. As a result, the magazine was immediately and permanently banned from sale to minors and publicity by the minister of the interior Raymond Marcellin
Raymond Marcellin
Raymond Marcellin was a French politician.- Biography :The son of a banker, he studied law at the University of Strasbourg and the University of Paris. He worked as a lawyer for three years, before being called into the army in September 1939. He was captured by the Wehrmacht, but managed to...
.
Charlie Hebdo
Charlie Hebdo
Charlie Hebdo is a French satirical weekly newspaper, featuring cartoons, reports, polemics and jokes. It appeared from 1969 to 1981, when it folded, and was resurrected in 1992. The current editor is cartoonist Charb. His predecessors are François Cavanna and Philippe Val...
was started immediately afterwards. Charlie in the title refers to general de Gaulle
Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President from 1959 to 1969....
(said Georges Wolinski
Georges Wolinski
Georges Wolinski is a French cartoonist and comics writer.-Biography:After discontinuing his architecture studies in Paris, Georges Wolinski began cartooning in 1960, contributing political and erotic cartoons and comic strips to the satirical monthly Hara-Kiri.During the student revolts of May...
); but it was the name of another magazine from Éditions du Square Charlie Mensuel
Charlie Mensuel
Charlie Mensuel was a French monthly comics magazine. Its publication began in February 1969, and ceased in February 1986.-History:...
, named after the character Charlie Brown
Charlie Brown
Charles "Charlie" Brown is the protagonist in the comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz.Charlie Brown and his creator have a common connection in that they are both the sons of barbers, but whereas Schulz's work is described as the "most shining example of the American success story", Charlie...
from Charles M. Schulz
Charles M. Schulz
Charles Monroe "Sparky" Schulz was an American cartoonist, whose comic strip Peanuts proved one of the most popular and influential in the history of the medium, and is still widely reprinted on a daily basis.-Early life and education:Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Schulz grew up in Saint Paul...
' Peanuts
Peanuts
Peanuts is a syndicated daily and Sunday American comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M. Schulz, which ran from October 2, 1950, to February 13, 2000, continuing in reruns afterward...
.