Harold S. Williams
Encyclopedia
Harold Stannett Williams (b.1898-d.1987), OBE, was a remarkable Australian who spent most of his adult life in Japan
. Born in Hawthorn, Victoria
, he studied medicine at the University of Melbourne
. At his father's urging he also received Japanese language lessons from a Mr Inagaki who ran a local laundry business. In 1919 Harold Williams visited Japan
on holiday to improve his Japanese, but deferred his return to Australia
as he found an interesting position with a foreign business firm. From this beginning he went on to pursue a highly successful commercial career in Japan
. While on leave in 1935 he visited New Zealand
and met and married Gertrude Fortune MacDonald, better known as Jean. Together they returned to live in Japan
.
, Africa
, the Pacific and Burma, attaining the rank of Major
. In 1945 he returned to Japan
with the Occupation Forces, and was attached to General Douglas MacArthur's headquarters in Tokyo
, where his knowledge of the country and its language proved invaluable. In 1949 he resumed his business career, first as Managing Director of A.Cameron and Company, later as Proprietor.
of books, manuscripts, pictures, serials
and other materials dealing particularly with foreign settlement in Japan
since its opening up to the West
in the mid-nineteenth century. As he wrote to the National Librarian, Sir Harold White in 1969 " my purpose has been to gather together as much information as possible bearing upon the contributions made by foreigners to Japanese life and culture, the manner in which they have impinged upon Japanese history, and all matters relating to the Foreign Settlements."
on these subjects, his published monographs including Tales of the Foreign Settlements in Japan (1958), Shades of the Past, or Indiscreet Tales of Japan (1959), and Foreigners in Mikadoland (1963). His wife Jean, an artist, illustrated these titles with appropriate drawings at the ends of chapters. Among his many journal and newspaper articles he contributed a long-running series entitled "Shades of the Past" to the Mainichi Daily News. This series first appeared in 1953 and the final piece, published posthumously on 16 February 1987 explains his commitment to careful documentation of the past. "The need for accurate accounts of the happenings in pre-war Japan and especially of the early foreign settlement days had become evident from the amazingly superficial accounts which were then appearing".
for safekeeping and to benefit future research. The then Professor of Japanese at the Australian National University
, Sydney Crawcour, who had known Williams for many years approached the National Librarian, Sir Harold White. The latter wrote to Williams in April 1969 expressing his strong desire for the collection to be associated with "the collections the National Library of Australia
is developing so rapidly in relation to Japan and indeed to the greater part of Asia". The following month White visited Harold and Jean Williams at their home at Shioya, Kobe. In June Williams wrote that he had decided to present "his Library of books, photographs and associated items as a gift" to the National Library of Australia
. He also established a trust in perpetuity for the development and maintenance of the collection.
Harold and Jean Williams maintained close links with the National Library of Australia
. In March 1972 Ken Myer visited them in Japan on behalf of the National Library Council. Myer reported back to Council that Harold Williams was "a most interesting and dynamic man completely dedicated to his research work on the activities of foreigners in Japan." This work was honoured when in the Queen's Birthday List of June 1972 Harold Williams was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for his services to historical research. In December the same year Harold and Jean Williams made their first visit to the National Library. A second visit was made in March 1981.
The bulk of the book component of the collection was sent to the National Library of Australia
in 1978. Forty-four cartons containing some two thousand books with a detailed index by Harold Williams were received. The works on Japan in this consignment were listed by subject on a microfiche catalogue entitled "Japan: : Books in the Harold S.Williams Collection", issued by the National Library of Australia
in 1981. A further twenty-three cartons containing some books, but consisting mainly of manuscripts, photographs, albums and research files arrived in Canberra
in 1982. The books in this second consignment were listed in a printed supplement to the microfiche catalogue. More recently all publications in the collection were catalogued onto the Library's online catalogue making them readily accessible to scholars and readers across Australia.
In line with the donor's wishes all the books in the Harold S.Williams Collection have been kept together in the Asian Collections area. The manuscripts, photographs and other items are housed in the Manuscripts Section. A Guide to the Papers of Harold S. Williams in the National Library of Australia, compiled by Corinne Collins was published by the Library in 2000 and is available on request.
The maintenance and development of the collection was greatly assisted by Jean Williams. She donated her own considerable collection of Japanese and Chinese art books. Through her generosity the National Library was able to purchase further English and Japanese language publications about Western contact with and settlement in Japan for addition to the Harold S.Williams Collection. After her husband's death she also published a two volume collection of their writings entitled West Meets East : The Foreign Experience of Japan (1992).
With her support it has been possible for preservation purposes to reproduce on colour microfiche the thirty-five albums of pictures from the collection. With justifiable pride Harold Williams referred to these albums as "my superb collection of photographs (all unusual, many rare) of things Japanese". They range in subject matter from the killing of two British officers , about which Harold Williams wrote with Hiroshi Naito in The Kamakura Murders of 1864 (1971) to more peaceful scenes of the foreign communities in Kobe, Nagasaki and Yokohama.These photographic albums have been filmed to produce 180 cibachrome colour microfiche.
In 1989 Jean Williams was interviewed on tape as part of the National Library's extensive oral history program for recording the lives of prominent Australians. In her later years she lived in Queensland, where she died in 1999.
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. Born in Hawthorn, Victoria
Hawthorn, Victoria
Hawthorn is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, east from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Boroondara...
, he studied medicine at the University of Melbourne
University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne is a public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1853, it is the second oldest university in Australia and the oldest in Victoria...
. At his father's urging he also received Japanese language lessons from a Mr Inagaki who ran a local laundry business. In 1919 Harold Williams visited Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
on holiday to improve his Japanese, but deferred his return to Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
as he found an interesting position with a foreign business firm. From this beginning he went on to pursue a highly successful commercial career in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. While on leave in 1935 he visited New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
and met and married Gertrude Fortune MacDonald, better known as Jean. Together they returned to live in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
.
Military career
During the Second World War Harold Williams had a distinguished military career. Jean and their young daughter had returned to Melbourne in December 1940, and with hostilities imminent he followed in August 1941 in a Dutch ship which sailed via Java. He immediately enlisted and served with distinction in AustraliaAustralia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
, the Pacific and Burma, attaining the rank of Major
Major
Major is a rank of commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every military in the world.When used unhyphenated, in conjunction with no other indicator of rank, the term refers to the rank just senior to that of an Army captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel. ...
. In 1945 he returned to Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
with the Occupation Forces, and was attached to General Douglas MacArthur's headquarters in Tokyo
Tokyo
, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
, where his knowledge of the country and its language proved invaluable. In 1949 he resumed his business career, first as Managing Director of A.Cameron and Company, later as Proprietor.
Library of foreigners' contributions to Japanese life
During his more than sixty years in the country Harold Williams built up an extensive libraryLibrary
In a traditional sense, a library is a large collection of books, and can refer to the place in which the collection is housed. Today, the term can refer to any collection, including digital sources, resources, and services...
of books, manuscripts, pictures, serials
Periodical publication
Periodical literature is a published work that appears in a new edition on a regular schedule. The most familiar examples are the newspaper, often published daily, or weekly; or the magazine, typically published weekly, monthly or as a quarterly...
and other materials dealing particularly with foreign settlement in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
since its opening up to the West
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West and the Occident , is a term referring to the countries of Western Europe , the countries of the Americas, as well all countries of Northern and Central Europe, Australia and New Zealand...
in the mid-nineteenth century. As he wrote to the National Librarian, Sir Harold White in 1969 " my purpose has been to gather together as much information as possible bearing upon the contributions made by foreigners to Japanese life and culture, the manner in which they have impinged upon Japanese history, and all matters relating to the Foreign Settlements."
Writings
He was also a prolific author of books and articlesArticle (publishing)
An article is a written work published in a print or electronic medium. It may be for the purpose of propagating the news, research results, academic analysis or debate.-News articles:...
on these subjects, his published monographs including Tales of the Foreign Settlements in Japan (1958), Shades of the Past, or Indiscreet Tales of Japan (1959), and Foreigners in Mikadoland (1963). His wife Jean, an artist, illustrated these titles with appropriate drawings at the ends of chapters. Among his many journal and newspaper articles he contributed a long-running series entitled "Shades of the Past" to the Mainichi Daily News. This series first appeared in 1953 and the final piece, published posthumously on 16 February 1987 explains his commitment to careful documentation of the past. "The need for accurate accounts of the happenings in pre-war Japan and especially of the early foreign settlement days had become evident from the amazingly superficial accounts which were then appearing".
Harold S. Williams collection at the National Library of Australia
During the late 1960s Williams decided that his growing collection should be placed in a library in AustraliaAustralia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
for safekeeping and to benefit future research. The then Professor of Japanese at the Australian National University
Australian National University
The Australian National University is a teaching and research university located in the Australian capital, Canberra.As of 2009, the ANU employs 3,945 administrative staff who teach approximately 10,000 undergraduates, and 7,500 postgraduate students...
, Sydney Crawcour, who had known Williams for many years approached the National Librarian, Sir Harold White. The latter wrote to Williams in April 1969 expressing his strong desire for the collection to be associated with "the collections the National Library of Australia
National Library of Australia
The National Library of Australia is the largest reference library of Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the...
is developing so rapidly in relation to Japan and indeed to the greater part of Asia". The following month White visited Harold and Jean Williams at their home at Shioya, Kobe. In June Williams wrote that he had decided to present "his Library of books, photographs and associated items as a gift" to the National Library of Australia
National Library of Australia
The National Library of Australia is the largest reference library of Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the...
. He also established a trust in perpetuity for the development and maintenance of the collection.
Harold and Jean Williams maintained close links with the National Library of Australia
National Library of Australia
The National Library of Australia is the largest reference library of Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the...
. In March 1972 Ken Myer visited them in Japan on behalf of the National Library Council. Myer reported back to Council that Harold Williams was "a most interesting and dynamic man completely dedicated to his research work on the activities of foreigners in Japan." This work was honoured when in the Queen's Birthday List of June 1972 Harold Williams was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for his services to historical research. In December the same year Harold and Jean Williams made their first visit to the National Library. A second visit was made in March 1981.
The bulk of the book component of the collection was sent to the National Library of Australia
National Library of Australia
The National Library of Australia is the largest reference library of Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the...
in 1978. Forty-four cartons containing some two thousand books with a detailed index by Harold Williams were received. The works on Japan in this consignment were listed by subject on a microfiche catalogue entitled "Japan: : Books in the Harold S.Williams Collection", issued by the National Library of Australia
National Library of Australia
The National Library of Australia is the largest reference library of Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the...
in 1981. A further twenty-three cartons containing some books, but consisting mainly of manuscripts, photographs, albums and research files arrived in Canberra
Canberra
Canberra is the capital city of Australia. With a population of over 345,000, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory , south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne...
in 1982. The books in this second consignment were listed in a printed supplement to the microfiche catalogue. More recently all publications in the collection were catalogued onto the Library's online catalogue making them readily accessible to scholars and readers across Australia.
In line with the donor's wishes all the books in the Harold S.Williams Collection have been kept together in the Asian Collections area. The manuscripts, photographs and other items are housed in the Manuscripts Section. A Guide to the Papers of Harold S. Williams in the National Library of Australia, compiled by Corinne Collins was published by the Library in 2000 and is available on request.
The maintenance and development of the collection was greatly assisted by Jean Williams. She donated her own considerable collection of Japanese and Chinese art books. Through her generosity the National Library was able to purchase further English and Japanese language publications about Western contact with and settlement in Japan for addition to the Harold S.Williams Collection. After her husband's death she also published a two volume collection of their writings entitled West Meets East : The Foreign Experience of Japan (1992).
With her support it has been possible for preservation purposes to reproduce on colour microfiche the thirty-five albums of pictures from the collection. With justifiable pride Harold Williams referred to these albums as "my superb collection of photographs (all unusual, many rare) of things Japanese". They range in subject matter from the killing of two British officers , about which Harold Williams wrote with Hiroshi Naito in The Kamakura Murders of 1864 (1971) to more peaceful scenes of the foreign communities in Kobe, Nagasaki and Yokohama.These photographic albums have been filmed to produce 180 cibachrome colour microfiche.
In 1989 Jean Williams was interviewed on tape as part of the National Library's extensive oral history program for recording the lives of prominent Australians. In her later years she lived in Queensland, where she died in 1999.