He Quanhao
Encyclopedia
He Quanhao (died 870
) was a general of the Chinese
dynasty Tang Dynasty
, who ruled Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan
, Hebei
) as its military governor (Jiedushi
) in de facto independence from the imperial government from 866
to 870 as its military governor (Jiedushi
), although he assisted the imperial government in suppressing Pang Xun
's rebellion.
, who had taken over Weibo Circuit after being supported by mutineers who had overthrown and killed the previous military governor Shi Xiancheng
, and his father He Hongjing
, had successively served as the military governors of Weibo. When He Hongjing died in 866
, He Quanhao was serving as one of the military commanders, and the soldiers supported him to succeed He Hongjing. Then-reigning Emperor Yizong
approved and made him acting military governor, and then, in 867
, full military governor.
, when the rebel Pang Xun
took over Xu Prefecture (徐州, headquartered in modern Xuzhou
, Jiangsu
), the imperial government reacted by launching a three-pronged operations against Pang's rebels. The northern wing was initially commanded by the imperial guard general Wang Yanquan (王晏權), but Wang was later replaced by Cao Xiang (曹翔) the military governor of Taining Circuit (泰寧, headquartered in modern Jining, Shandong
) in late 868. He Quanhao sent troops, commanded by his officer Xue You (薛尤), to assist Cao. The Weibo troops put the rebel stronghold of Feng County, Jiangsu
under siege, and repeatedly attacked it. When Pang himself made a surprise attack on the Weibo troops in summer 869
, however, Weibo forces collapsed and were forced to withdraw and regroup, allowing the siege on Feng County to be lifted. Still, after, after Pang's rebellion was suppressed later that year, He Quanhao, for his contributions, were given the honorary titles of acting Sikong (司空, one of the Three Excellencies
) and Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事).
It was said that He Quanhao, who was still described as young at that point, was cruel in his punishment, favoring death penalties, and also whipped subordinates severely for even minor offenses. The soldiers thus feared him. In 870
, with there being rumors that he would decrease the food and clothing stipends for the soldiers, the soldiers mutinied. He Quanhao tried to flee by himself on horse, but the soldiers tracked him down and killed him. They supported the officer Han Junxiong
to replace him, and the imperial government subsequently agreed.
870
Year 870 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Prague Castle is founded....
) was a general of the Chinese
History of China
Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest...
dynasty Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
, who ruled Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan
Handan
Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwestern part of Hebei Province of China.- History :Handan was the capital of the State of Zhao during the Warring States period , after the capital moved from Zhongmu. The city was conquered by the State of Qin after the virtual annexation of...
, Hebei
Hebei
' is a province of the People's Republic of China in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "" , named after Ji Province, a Han Dynasty province that included what is now southern Hebei...
) as its military governor (Jiedushi
Jiedushi
The Jiedushi were regional military governors in China during the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. Originally set up to counter external threats, the jiedushi were given enormous power, including the ability to maintain their own armies, collect taxes, and pass their...
) in de facto independence from the imperial government from 866
866
Year 866 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Fujiwara no Yoshifusa becomes regent of Japan, starting the Fujiwara regentship.- Europe :...
to 870 as its military governor (Jiedushi
Jiedushi
The Jiedushi were regional military governors in China during the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. Originally set up to counter external threats, the jiedushi were given enormous power, including the ability to maintain their own armies, collect taxes, and pass their...
), although he assisted the imperial government in suppressing Pang Xun
Pang Xun
Pang Xun was the leader of a major rebellion, by soldiers from Xu Prefecture , against the rule of Emperor Yizong of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, from 868 to 869...
's rebellion.
Background
It is not known when He Quanhao was born. His grandfather He JintaoHe Jintao
He Jintao was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who, as military governor of Weibo Circuit , ruled the circuit in de facto independence from the imperial government....
, who had taken over Weibo Circuit after being supported by mutineers who had overthrown and killed the previous military governor Shi Xiancheng
Shi Xiancheng
Shi Xiancheng was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who ruled Weibo Circuit semi-independently from the imperial government.- Background :...
, and his father He Hongjing
He Hongjing
He Hongjing , né He Chongshun , formally the Duke of Chu , was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who ruled Weibo Circuit as its military governor in de facto independence from the imperial government.- Background :It is not completely clear when He Chongshun was...
, had successively served as the military governors of Weibo. When He Hongjing died in 866
866
Year 866 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* Fujiwara no Yoshifusa becomes regent of Japan, starting the Fujiwara regentship.- Europe :...
, He Quanhao was serving as one of the military commanders, and the soldiers supported him to succeed He Hongjing. Then-reigning Emperor Yizong
Emperor Yizong of Tang
Emperor Yizong of Tang , né Li Wen , later changed to Li Cui , was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. He reigned from 859 to 873. Yizong was the eldest son of Emperor Xuānzong...
approved and made him acting military governor, and then, in 867
867
Year 867 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.- Byzantine Empire :* September – Basil I becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.* Macedonian dynasty is started....
, full military governor.
As military governor
In 868868
Year 868 was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.- Africa :* Ahmad ibn Tulun, a Turkish mameluk general in Arab army founds Tulunid dynasty in Egypt....
, when the rebel Pang Xun
Pang Xun
Pang Xun was the leader of a major rebellion, by soldiers from Xu Prefecture , against the rule of Emperor Yizong of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, from 868 to 869...
took over Xu Prefecture (徐州, headquartered in modern Xuzhou
Xuzhou
Xuzhou , otherwise known as Pengcheng in ancient times, is a major city in and the fourth largest prefecture-level city of Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China...
, Jiangsu
Jiangsu
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" , the second character of its name...
), the imperial government reacted by launching a three-pronged operations against Pang's rebels. The northern wing was initially commanded by the imperial guard general Wang Yanquan (王晏權), but Wang was later replaced by Cao Xiang (曹翔) the military governor of Taining Circuit (泰寧, headquartered in modern Jining, Shandong
Jining, Shandong
Jining is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It borders Heze to the southwest, Zaozhuang to the southeast, Tai'an to the northeast, and the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu to the northwest and south respectively...
) in late 868. He Quanhao sent troops, commanded by his officer Xue You (薛尤), to assist Cao. The Weibo troops put the rebel stronghold of Feng County, Jiangsu
Feng County, Jiangsu
Feng County, Jiangsu is a county of Jiangsu, China. It is under the administration of Xuzhou city.-References:*...
under siege, and repeatedly attacked it. When Pang himself made a surprise attack on the Weibo troops in summer 869
869
Year 869 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.- Asia :* May 26 – An earthquake and tsunami devastate a large part of the Sanriku coast near Sendai, Japan....
, however, Weibo forces collapsed and were forced to withdraw and regroup, allowing the siege on Feng County to be lifted. Still, after, after Pang's rebellion was suppressed later that year, He Quanhao, for his contributions, were given the honorary titles of acting Sikong (司空, one of the Three Excellencies
Three Excellencies
The Three Ducal Ministers , also translated as the Three Dukes, Three Excellencies, or the Three Lords, was the collective name for the three highest officials in ancient China...
) and Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事).
It was said that He Quanhao, who was still described as young at that point, was cruel in his punishment, favoring death penalties, and also whipped subordinates severely for even minor offenses. The soldiers thus feared him. In 870
870
Year 870 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.- Europe :* Prague Castle is founded....
, with there being rumors that he would decrease the food and clothing stipends for the soldiers, the soldiers mutinied. He Quanhao tried to flee by himself on horse, but the soldiers tracked him down and killed him. They supported the officer Han Junxiong
Han Yunzhong
Han Yunzhong , né Han Junxiong , was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty who seized control of Weibo Circuit in a mutiny and subsequently ruled it as its military governor in de facto independence from the imperial government.- Background :Han Junxiong was born in 814, during the reign...
to replace him, and the imperial government subsequently agreed.