Health and Retirement Study
Encyclopedia
The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is conducted by the Institute for Social Research (ISR) at the University of Michigan
in Ann Arbor and supported by the National Institute on Aging
(NIA). The study interviews 22,000 Americans 50 and over every two years on subjects like health care, housing, assets, pensions , employment and disability. HRS data are available for download by researchers and analysts at no cost. The study is managed through a cooperative agreement (NIA U01AG009740) between the NIA, which provides primary funding, and the ISR, which administers and conducts the survey.
The HRS is designed to inform the national retirement discussion as the population ages. The inspiration for the HRS emerged in the mid-1980s, when scientists at NIA and elsewhere recognized the need for a new national survey of America’s expanding older population. By that time, it had become clear that the mainstay of retirement research, the Retirement History Study (RHS), conducted from 1969 to 1979, was no longer adequately addressing contemporary retirement issues. For example, the RHS sample underrepresented women, Blacks, and Hispanics who, by the mid-1980s, accounted for a larger portion of the labor force than in the past. The RHS also did not ask about health or physical or mental function, all of which can impact the decision and ability to retire. Moreover, research on the retirement process was fragmented, with economists, sociologists, psychologists, epidemiologists, demographers, and biomedical researchers proposing and conducting studies within their own "silos," often without regard to the relevant research activities of other disciplines.
Determining that a new approach was needed, an Ad Hoc Advisory Panel was convened by the National Institute on Aging
. In early 1988 the panel recommended the initiation of a new, long-term study to examine the ways in which older adults’ changing health interacts with social, economic, and psychological factors and retirement decisions. Government experts and academic researchers from diverse disciplines were recruited to collaboratively create and design the study. Ultimately, relevant executive agencies and the United States Congress
recognized the value of this major social science investment, and the HRS was established.
Many individuals and institutions have contributed to the planning, design, development, and ongoing administration of the study. This includes the study’s leadership at the Institute for Social Research, specifically HRS Director Emeritus F. Thomas Juster, who led the effort to initiate the HRS , Robert J. Willis, the Director from 1995 to 2007, and David R. Weir, the current Director. They rely on the contributions of the HRS co-investigators, a multidisciplinary group of leading academic researchers at the University of Michigan and other institutions nationwide, a Steering Committee and working groups, which have provided critical advice about the study’s design and monitored its progress, and the NIA-HRS Data Monitoring Committee, an advisory group of independent members of the academic research community and representatives of agencies interested in the study. The Monitoring Committee has been chaired by the late George Myers, and by David Wise, and is currently chaired by James Smith, who also served as chair of the Ad Hoc Advisory Panel. From its inception, the NIA project officer for the HRS has been Dr. Richard Suzman, currently Director of NIA’s Division of Behavioral and Social Research.
In addition, the Social Security Administration
has provided technical advice and substantial support for the study. Over the HRS’s history, other important contributors have included the United States Department of Labor
’s Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration, the United States Department of Health and Human Services
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, and the State of Florida
.
The HRS has a number of sister studies in other countries. In recent years, the HRS has been extended to several Asian countries, including Korea (the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging or KLoSA). Japan (the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement or JSTAR), China (the Chinese Health and Retirement Survey or CHARLS
) and India (The Longitudinal Aging Study in India or LASI). Population aging is very rapid in Asia and India and China alone will have more than one billion people over age 60 during this century. CHARLS is headed by a team at the Chinese Center for Economic Research (CCER) at Peking University under the direction of Professor Zhao Yaohui, who received her PhD in economics at the University of Chicago. LASI is jointed headed by a team from Harvard University under the direction of Professor David Bloom and the International Institute of Population Studies (IIPS) in Mumbai India. Both CHARLS and LASI were awarded peer review grants to conduct pilot studies by the National Institute of Aging in the United States. Other studies include:
A resource that facilitates the use and harmonization of the different datasets of HRS and sister studies in other countries has been developed with support of the by National Institute on Aging
, National Institutes of Health (RC2 AG036619-01 and R01 AG030153)
University of Michigan
The University of Michigan is a public research university located in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the United States. It is the state's oldest university and the flagship campus of the University of Michigan...
in Ann Arbor and supported by the National Institute on Aging
National Institute on Aging
The National Institute on Aging ' is a division of the U.S. National Institutes of Health , located in Baltimore, Maryland.The NIA leads a broad scientific effort to understand the nature of aging and to extend the healthy, active years of life...
(NIA). The study interviews 22,000 Americans 50 and over every two years on subjects like health care, housing, assets, pensions , employment and disability. HRS data are available for download by researchers and analysts at no cost. The study is managed through a cooperative agreement (NIA U01AG009740) between the NIA, which provides primary funding, and the ISR, which administers and conducts the survey.
The HRS is designed to inform the national retirement discussion as the population ages. The inspiration for the HRS emerged in the mid-1980s, when scientists at NIA and elsewhere recognized the need for a new national survey of America’s expanding older population. By that time, it had become clear that the mainstay of retirement research, the Retirement History Study (RHS), conducted from 1969 to 1979, was no longer adequately addressing contemporary retirement issues. For example, the RHS sample underrepresented women, Blacks, and Hispanics who, by the mid-1980s, accounted for a larger portion of the labor force than in the past. The RHS also did not ask about health or physical or mental function, all of which can impact the decision and ability to retire. Moreover, research on the retirement process was fragmented, with economists, sociologists, psychologists, epidemiologists, demographers, and biomedical researchers proposing and conducting studies within their own "silos," often without regard to the relevant research activities of other disciplines.
Determining that a new approach was needed, an Ad Hoc Advisory Panel was convened by the National Institute on Aging
National Institute on Aging
The National Institute on Aging ' is a division of the U.S. National Institutes of Health , located in Baltimore, Maryland.The NIA leads a broad scientific effort to understand the nature of aging and to extend the healthy, active years of life...
. In early 1988 the panel recommended the initiation of a new, long-term study to examine the ways in which older adults’ changing health interacts with social, economic, and psychological factors and retirement decisions. Government experts and academic researchers from diverse disciplines were recruited to collaboratively create and design the study. Ultimately, relevant executive agencies and the United States Congress
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C....
recognized the value of this major social science investment, and the HRS was established.
Many individuals and institutions have contributed to the planning, design, development, and ongoing administration of the study. This includes the study’s leadership at the Institute for Social Research, specifically HRS Director Emeritus F. Thomas Juster, who led the effort to initiate the HRS , Robert J. Willis, the Director from 1995 to 2007, and David R. Weir, the current Director. They rely on the contributions of the HRS co-investigators, a multidisciplinary group of leading academic researchers at the University of Michigan and other institutions nationwide, a Steering Committee and working groups, which have provided critical advice about the study’s design and monitored its progress, and the NIA-HRS Data Monitoring Committee, an advisory group of independent members of the academic research community and representatives of agencies interested in the study. The Monitoring Committee has been chaired by the late George Myers, and by David Wise, and is currently chaired by James Smith, who also served as chair of the Ad Hoc Advisory Panel. From its inception, the NIA project officer for the HRS has been Dr. Richard Suzman, currently Director of NIA’s Division of Behavioral and Social Research.
In addition, the Social Security Administration
Social Security Administration
The United States Social Security Administration is an independent agency of the United States federal government that administers Social Security, a social insurance program consisting of retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits...
has provided technical advice and substantial support for the study. Over the HRS’s history, other important contributors have included the United States Department of Labor
United States Department of Labor
The United States Department of Labor is a Cabinet department of the United States government responsible for occupational safety, wage and hour standards, unemployment insurance benefits, re-employment services, and some economic statistics. Many U.S. states also have such departments. The...
’s Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration, the United States Department of Health and Human Services
United States Department of Health and Human Services
The United States Department of Health and Human Services is a Cabinet department of the United States government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. Its motto is "Improving the health, safety, and well-being of America"...
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, and the State of Florida
Florida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
.
The HRS has a number of sister studies in other countries. In recent years, the HRS has been extended to several Asian countries, including Korea (the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging or KLoSA). Japan (the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement or JSTAR), China (the Chinese Health and Retirement Survey or CHARLS
Chinese Health and Retirement Survey
The Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study is a longitudinal survey being conducted by the China Center for Economic Research at Peking University with Professor Yaohui Zhao of Peking University serving as Principal Investigator and Professors John Strauss of the University of Southern...
) and India (The Longitudinal Aging Study in India or LASI). Population aging is very rapid in Asia and India and China alone will have more than one billion people over age 60 during this century. CHARLS is headed by a team at the Chinese Center for Economic Research (CCER) at Peking University under the direction of Professor Zhao Yaohui, who received her PhD in economics at the University of Chicago. LASI is jointed headed by a team from Harvard University under the direction of Professor David Bloom and the International Institute of Population Studies (IIPS) in Mumbai India. Both CHARLS and LASI were awarded peer review grants to conduct pilot studies by the National Institute of Aging in the United States. Other studies include:
- English Longitudinal Study of AgeingEnglish Longitudinal Study of AgeingThe English Longitudinal Study of Ageing is a longitudinal study that collects multidisciplinary data from a representative sample of the English population aged 50 and older. The survey data are designed to be used for the investigation of a broad set of topics relevant to understanding the...
(ELSA) - Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS)
- Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in EuropeSurvey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in EuropeThe Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe is a multidisciplinary and cross-national panel database of micro data on health, socio-economic status as well as social and family networks of more than 45,000 individuals aged 50 or over...
(SHARE) - New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement Survey
- Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging
- WHO's Study on Global Ageing and Adult HealthStudy on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)The Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health is run by the World Health Organization's Multi-Country Studies unit in the Information, Evidence and Research Cluster...
(SAGE)
A resource that facilitates the use and harmonization of the different datasets of HRS and sister studies in other countries has been developed with support of the by National Institute on Aging
National Institute on Aging
The National Institute on Aging ' is a division of the U.S. National Institutes of Health , located in Baltimore, Maryland.The NIA leads a broad scientific effort to understand the nature of aging and to extend the healthy, active years of life...
, National Institutes of Health (RC2 AG036619-01 and R01 AG030153)