Helicarionidae
Encyclopedia
Helicarionidae is a family
of air-breathing land snail
s or semi-slug
s, terrestrial
pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea
.
, Malagasy
, India, south-eastern Asia and Australian.
s made of chitin
.
In this family, the number of haploid chromosome
s lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).
:
subfamily Helicarioninae
subfamily Durgellinae
subfamily ?
shows the phylogenic relationships of this family to other families within the limacoid clade
:
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of air-breathing land snail
Land snail
A land snail is any of the many species of snail that live on land, as opposed to those that live in salt water and fresh water. Land snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells, It is not always an easy matter to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less...
s or semi-slug
Semi-slug
Semi-slugs, also spelled semislugs, are land gastropods whose shells are too small for them to retract into, but the shell is not quite vestigial...
s, terrestrial
Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...
pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea
Helicarionoidea
Helicarionoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the limacoid clade.-Families:There are three families within the superfamily Helicarionoidea:* Helicarionidae* Ariophantidae...
.
Distribution
Distribution of Helicarionidae include eastern PalearcticPalearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is one of the eight ecozones dividing the Earth's surface.Physically, the Palearctic is the largest ecozone...
, Malagasy
Malagasy people
The Malagasy ethnic group forms nearly the entire population of Madagascar. They are divided into two subgroups: the "Highlander" Merina, Sihanaka and Betsileo of the central plateau around Antananarivo, Alaotra and Fianarantsoa, and the côtiers elsewhere in the country. This division has its...
, India, south-eastern Asia and Australian.
Anatomy
Species of snails within this family make and use love dartLove dart
A love dart is a hard, long, sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are made in sexually mature animals only, and are used as part of the sequence of events during courtship, before actual mating takes place...
s made of chitin
Chitin
Chitin n is a long-chain polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose, and is found in many places throughout the natural world...
.
In this family, the number of haploid chromosome
Chromosome
A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...
s lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).
Taxonomy
The following two subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...
:
- subfamily Helicarioninae Bourguignat, 1877 - synonyms: Pseudotrochatellinae A. J. Wagner, 1905; Ereptinae Godwin-Austen, 1908; Xestinae Gude & B. B. Woodward, 1921; Sesarinae Thiele, 1931; Nitoridae Iredale, 1937; Epiglyptidae Iredale, 1944; Gudeoconchidae Iredale, 1944
- subfamily Durgellinae Godwin-Austen, 1888
- tribe Durgellini Godwin-Austen, 1888 - synonyms: Sitalinae Godwin-Austen, 1900; Sophininae W. Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908; Satiellini Schileyko, 2003
- tribe Girasiini Collinge, 1902
Genera
Genera within the family Helicarionidae include:subfamily Helicarioninae
- Epiglypta Pilsbry, 1893
- EreptaEreptaErepta is a genus of air-breathing land snails, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.- Species :Species in the genus Erepta include:* Erepta mutans* Erepta nevilli...
Albers, 1850 - Gudeoconcha Iredale, 1914
- HelicarionHelicarionHelicarion is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.Helicarion is the type genus of the family Helicarionidae.-Species:...
Férussac, 1821 - type genus of the family Helicarionidae - NitorNitorNitor is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Helicarionidae.-Species:Species within the genus Nitor include:* Nitor circumcincta * Nitor medioximus Iredale, 1941...
Gude, 1911 - Pseudotrochatella G. Nevill, 1881
- Sesara Albers, 1860
- Xesta Albers, 1850
subfamily Durgellinae
- tribe Durgellini
- Durgella Blanford, 1863 - type genus of the subfamily Durgellinae
- Satiella Godwin-Austen, 1908
- SitalaSitalaSitala is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae. Sitala is the type genus of Sitalinae, that is a synonym of Durgellini.-Species:Species within the genus Sitala include:...
H. Adams, 1865 - Sophina Benson, 1859
- tribe Girasiini
- Girasia Gray, 1855 - type genus of the tribe Girasiini
subfamily ?
- Advena
- AtrichotoxonAtrichotoxonAtrichotoxon is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae....
- BuffetiaBuffetiaBuffetia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae....
- DiastoleDiastole (gastropod)Diastole is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.- Species :Species in the genus Diastole include: * Diastole glaucina Baker, 1938...
- DolapexDolapexDolapex is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae....
- ElisolimaxElisolimaxElisolimax is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.-Species:Species within the genus Elisolimax include:* Elisolimax flavescens...
- HarmogenaninaHarmogenaninaHarmogenanina is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.-Species:Species within the genus Harmogenanina include:* Harmogenanina argentea...
- IredaleoconchaIredaleoconchaIredaleoconcha is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.This genus was named in honor of the malacologist Tom Iredale.-References:*...
- KaliellaKaliellaKaliella is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.- Distribution :The distribution of the genus Kaliella includes:* Hong Kong* Uganda * ...-Species:...
- LutilodixLutilodixLutilodix is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.-References:*...
- MathewsoconchaMathewsoconchaMathewsoconcha is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.-References:*...
- MysticarionMysticarionMysticarion is a genus of air-breathing, tree-dwelling land snails, terrestrial arboreal pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Helicarionidae.-Species:Species within the genus Mysticarion include:...
- NancibellaNancibellaNancibella is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.-References:*...
- Ovachlamys
- PanulenaPanulenaPanulena is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae....
- PhilonesiaPhilonesiaPhilonesia is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.-Species:Species within the genus Philonesia include:* Philonesia filiceti* Philonesia pitcairnensis...
- PittoconchaPittoconchaPittoconcha is a is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.-References:*...
- QuintaliaQuintaliaQuintalia is a genus of gastropod in the Helicarionidae family.- Species :It contains the following species:* Quintalia flosculus* Quintalia stoddartii...
- ThapsiaThapsiaThapsia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae. This species is found in tropical western Africa, from Senegal to Gabon....
- TrichotoxonTrichotoxonTrichotoxon is a genus of gastropod in the Helicarionidae family.It contains the following species:* Trichotoxon martensi...
- TubuaiaTubuaiaTubuaia is a genus of gastropod in the Helicarionidae family.It contains the following species:* Tubuaia fosbergi...
- ZingisZingisZingis is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicarionidae.-Species:Species in the genus Zingis include:* Zingis nyassana * Zingis radiolata von Martens...
Cladogram
The following cladogramCladogram
A cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics which shows ancestral relations between organisms, to represent the evolutionary tree of life. Although traditionally such cladograms were generated largely on the basis of morphological characters, DNA and RNA sequencing data and computational...
shows the phylogenic relationships of this family to other families within the limacoid clade
Limacoid clade
The limacoid clade is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing land snails, semislugs and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the informal group Sigmurethra.- Distribution :...
: