Henrik Magnus Buddenbrock
Encyclopedia
Henrik Magnus von Buddenbrock, (July 22, 1685 - between July 16 and July 27, 1743) was a Swedish baron
and Lieutenant General
. He and Carl Emil Lewenhaupt were executed for negligence in the Russo-Swedish War
, in the aftermath of the defeat at Villmanstrand
.
. He was the son of the landed gentleman and Swedish Empire
army officer Henrik Gotthard von Buddenbrock (1648-1727) and Charlotta Cronman. He enlisted as an officer of the Swedish army, becoming a captain of the Livgardet in 1711, Major of grenadiers in 1715, Major General
in 1721. He was elevated to friherre (matricle number 206) in 1731 and promoted to Lieutenant General
of the infantry
in 1739. As such, he was in 1741 commander of the troops in Finland
, under General Charles Emil Lewenhaupt
, at the onset of the Russo-Swedish War
.
On August 23, 1741 (September 3, 1741), Swedish Major General Carl Henrik Wrangel
and his corps in Villmanstrand
in Karelia
, at the long disputed frontier between Sweden and Russia, was attacked and defeated
by a Russian army under General Peter Lacy
before Buddenbrock, less than 10 kilometers away, could come to his assiantance.
As the war was developing unfavorably for Sweden, the defeat was blamed on Lewenhaupt and Buddenbrock. In August 1742 they were dismissed from Finland and immediately arrested by Vice Admiral Ritterstolpe upon their return. On the night of September 28 Buddenbrock was brought to Stockholm
, where he was imprisoned and closely guarded. A court martial was convened under Field Marshal
Hamilton on October 8 to investigate the two cases. The prosecutor was Chancellor of Justice Silverschildt, who submitted an extensive indictment
. Buddenbrock was accused of, among other things, not assembling his troops in a timely fashion to cross the Russian border, as planned. In addition he had not arrived at Villmanstrand in time to rescue Major General Wrangel.
Buddenbrock defended himself so well, that had he only faced the nobility
, he would have left with his life. However the other Estates of the Riksdag
, in particular the peasants, were embittered and demanded a scapegoat. The verdict of the commission was announced to a large congregation on May 29. Buddenbrock was to be dishonored, his property confiscated, and he himself beheaded with an axe. In an appeal, Buddenbrock wrote a comprehensive account where he detailed his services to the kingdom, but despite this and the pleading of his family, the verdict was confirmed by the Estates the following day. Even a request to be beheaded with a sword
as befitting a nobleman, or to be executed by firing squad
was denied. The date of his execution was set to July 20 but king Frederick
postponed it another week. On July 27 1743, General von Buddenbrock was executed in Stockholm
. His wife, Magdalena Elisabeth Rahm, and their four children left Sweden for Holland.
Baron
Baron is a title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin baro meaning " man, warrior"; it merged with cognate Old English beorn meaning "nobleman"...
and Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....
. He and Carl Emil Lewenhaupt were executed for negligence in the Russo-Swedish War
Russo-Swedish War (1741-1743)
The Russo–Swedish War of 1741–1743, known as the Hats' Russian War in Sweden and the Hats' War in Finland, which resulted in the Lesser Wrath , or the occupation of Finland, was instigated by the Hats, a Swedish political party that aspired to regain the territories lost to Russia during the Great...
, in the aftermath of the defeat at Villmanstrand
Battle of Villmanstrand
The battle of Villmanstrand was fought during the Russo-Swedish War on August 23, 1741, when Russian forces, under the command of General Peter von Lacy, assaulted Villmanstrand . Fighting began around 2 pm but the Swedes withdrew already at 5 pm. Swedish casualties amounted to 2,000 men killed or...
.
Biography
He was born on July 22, 1685 in Swedish LivoniaSwedish Livonia
- Swedish infantry and cavalry regiments:Infantry regiments:* Garnisonsregementet i Riga * Guvenörsregementet i Riga * Livländsk infanteribataljon I...
. He was the son of the landed gentleman and Swedish Empire
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire refers to the Kingdom of Sweden between 1561 and 1721 . During this time, Sweden was one of the great European powers. In Swedish, the period is called Stormaktstiden, literally meaning "the Great Power Era"...
army officer Henrik Gotthard von Buddenbrock (1648-1727) and Charlotta Cronman. He enlisted as an officer of the Swedish army, becoming a captain of the Livgardet in 1711, Major of grenadiers in 1715, Major General
Major General
Major general or major-general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. A major general is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general...
in 1721. He was elevated to friherre (matricle number 206) in 1731 and promoted to Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....
of the infantry
Infantry
Infantrymen are soldiers who are specifically trained for the role of fighting on foot to engage the enemy face to face and have historically borne the brunt of the casualties of combat in wars. As the oldest branch of combat arms, they are the backbone of armies...
in 1739. As such, he was in 1741 commander of the troops in Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
, under General Charles Emil Lewenhaupt
Charles Emil Lewenhaupt
Charles Emil Lewenhaupt the Elder was a Swedish general.-Biography:He was born on March 28, 1691 to Count and Lieutenant General Carl Gustaf Löwenhaupt and Countess Amalia Wilhelmina von Königsmarck. At the age of 16, Lewenhaupt entered Dutch service where he was promoted to the rank of Captain in...
, at the onset of the Russo-Swedish War
Russo-Swedish War (1741-1743)
The Russo–Swedish War of 1741–1743, known as the Hats' Russian War in Sweden and the Hats' War in Finland, which resulted in the Lesser Wrath , or the occupation of Finland, was instigated by the Hats, a Swedish political party that aspired to regain the territories lost to Russia during the Great...
.
On August 23, 1741 (September 3, 1741), Swedish Major General Carl Henrik Wrangel
Carl Henrik Wrangel
Carl Henrik Wrangel, friherre Wrangel af Adinal was an officer of the Swedish Army, eventually attaining the rank of Field Marshal.-Biography:...
and his corps in Villmanstrand
Lappeenranta
Lappeenranta is a city and municipality that resides on the shore of the lake Saimaa in South-Eastern Finland, about from the Russian border. It belongs to the region of South Karelia. With approximately inhabitants Lappeenranta is the largest city in Finland...
in Karelia
Karelia
Karelia , the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden...
, at the long disputed frontier between Sweden and Russia, was attacked and defeated
Battle of Villmanstrand
The battle of Villmanstrand was fought during the Russo-Swedish War on August 23, 1741, when Russian forces, under the command of General Peter von Lacy, assaulted Villmanstrand . Fighting began around 2 pm but the Swedes withdrew already at 5 pm. Swedish casualties amounted to 2,000 men killed or...
by a Russian army under General Peter Lacy
Peter Lacy
Count Peter von Lacy, or Pyotr Petrovich Lacy , as he was known in Russia , was one of the most successful Russian imperial commanders before Rumyantsev and Suvorov...
before Buddenbrock, less than 10 kilometers away, could come to his assiantance.
As the war was developing unfavorably for Sweden, the defeat was blamed on Lewenhaupt and Buddenbrock. In August 1742 they were dismissed from Finland and immediately arrested by Vice Admiral Ritterstolpe upon their return. On the night of September 28 Buddenbrock was brought to Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
, where he was imprisoned and closely guarded. A court martial was convened under Field Marshal
Field Marshal
Field Marshal is a military rank. Traditionally, it is the highest military rank in an army.-Etymology:The origin of the rank of field marshal dates to the early Middle Ages, originally meaning the keeper of the king's horses , from the time of the early Frankish kings.-Usage and hierarchical...
Hamilton on October 8 to investigate the two cases. The prosecutor was Chancellor of Justice Silverschildt, who submitted an extensive indictment
Indictment
An indictment , in the common-law legal system, is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime. In jurisdictions that maintain the concept of felonies, the serious criminal offence is a felony; jurisdictions that lack the concept of felonies often use that of an indictable offence—an...
. Buddenbrock was accused of, among other things, not assembling his troops in a timely fashion to cross the Russian border, as planned. In addition he had not arrived at Villmanstrand in time to rescue Major General Wrangel.
Buddenbrock defended himself so well, that had he only faced the nobility
Nobility
Nobility is a social class which possesses more acknowledged privileges or eminence than members of most other classes in a society, membership therein typically being hereditary. The privileges associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles, or may be...
, he would have left with his life. However the other Estates of the Riksdag
Riksdag of the Estates
The Riksdag of the Estates , was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm when they were assembled. Until its dissolution in 1866, the institution was the highest authority in Sweden next to the King...
, in particular the peasants, were embittered and demanded a scapegoat. The verdict of the commission was announced to a large congregation on May 29. Buddenbrock was to be dishonored, his property confiscated, and he himself beheaded with an axe. In an appeal, Buddenbrock wrote a comprehensive account where he detailed his services to the kingdom, but despite this and the pleading of his family, the verdict was confirmed by the Estates the following day. Even a request to be beheaded with a sword
Sword
A sword is a bladed weapon used primarily for cutting or thrusting. The precise definition of the term varies with the historical epoch or the geographical region under consideration...
as befitting a nobleman, or to be executed by firing squad
Execution by firing squad
Execution by firing squad, sometimes called fusillading , is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war.Execution by shooting is a fairly old practice...
was denied. The date of his execution was set to July 20 but king Frederick
Frederick I of Sweden
Frederick I, , was a prince consort of Sweden from 1718 to 1720, and a King of Sweden from 1720 until his death and also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730...
postponed it another week. On July 27 1743, General von Buddenbrock was executed in Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
. His wife, Magdalena Elisabeth Rahm, and their four children left Sweden for Holland.
Children
- Magdalena Elisabeth von Buddenbrock (1717-1768), she married her cousin Carl Magnus von Buddenbrock (died 1778)
- Friedrich Magnus von Buddenbrock (1719-c.1785)
- Ulrike Dorothea von Buddenbrock (1721-1788) married in 1743 to Cornet Isaac Tham
- Carl Heinrich von Buddenbrock (1725-1745) Swedish Lieutenant who was killed in action at Tournay
Ancestors
| Henrik Magnus Buddenbrock | Father: Henrik Gotthard von Buddenbrock |
Paternal Grandfather: |
Paternal Great-Grandfather: |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: |
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| Paternal Grandmother: |
Paternal Great-Grandfather: |
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| Paternal Great-Grandmother: |
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| Mother: Charlotta Cronman |
Maternal Grandfather: Fritz Cronman Fritz Cronman Fritz Cronman was a Major for the Swedish Empire in the late 17th century, and the Swedish diplomat to the Tsardom of Russia from 1668 to 1669. His extant diary and letters contain detailed information on the court of Ivan V of Russia.... |
Maternal Great-Grandfather: Hans Detterman Croman |
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| Maternal Great-Grandmother: Ursula Kordes |
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| Maternal Grandmother: Christina Ottiliana Börner |
Maternal Great-grandfather: |
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| Maternal Great-Grandmother: |
External links
- The genealogy of the Livonian Buddenbrocks can be found here: Buddenbrock
- Henrik Magnus von Buddenbrock at Geni.comGeni.comGeni is a genealogy and social networking website. Launched on January 16, 2007, the Web 2.0 company aims to create a family tree of the world. While family profiles are private, Geni’s mission is to create a shared family tree of common ancestors...