Hieromonk Makarije
Encyclopedia
Hieromonk
Makarije (died after 1528, Hilandar
monastery) is the founder of Serbian and Romanian
printing
, having printed the first book in Serbian language
and the first book in the territory of Walachia (part of modern day Romania
).
Ordered by Djuradj Crnojevic, the ruler of Zeta
(present day Montenegro
) to found a printing works, he travelled to Venice
, where he learned about printing, probably in the printing works of Aldus Manutius
. After returning to Montenegro, he founded printing works in Obod, then the capital, and later, with the shifting of the capital, moved to Cetinje
where, in 1494, he printed the first book in Serbian language, an Oktoih
(it is probable that the first two or four parts were printed in Venice, but the last four were printed in Obod).
After the fall of Zeta/Montenegro to Turks in 1499, Makarije fled to Walachia. In 1511, Makarije started a printing works in Targoviste
, where he printed the first books in this principality (but not the first books in Romanian
since these were printed in Church Slavonic).
He then moved to the Hilandar
monastery, where he became the abbot. There he helped found the Hilandar
printing works.
Makarije also wrote the treatise "On the Borders of Dacia
" (O medjah Dacije) preserved in Hilandar library.
Hieromonk
Hieromonk , also called a Priestmonk, is a monk who is also a priest in the Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholicism....
Makarije (died after 1528, Hilandar
Hilandar
Hilandar Monastery is a Serbian Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos in Greece. It was founded in 1198 by the first Serbian Archbishop Saint Sava and his father, Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja of the medieval Serbian principality of Raška...
monastery) is the founder of Serbian and Romanian
Romanians
The Romanians are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania....
printing
Printing
Printing is a process for reproducing text and image, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large-scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing....
, having printed the first book in Serbian language
Serbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
and the first book in the territory of Walachia (part of modern day Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
).
Ordered by Djuradj Crnojevic, the ruler of Zeta
Zeta
-Science:* Zeta functions, in mathematics** Riemann zeta function* Zeta potential, the electrokinetic potential of a colloidal system* Tropical Storm Zeta , formed in December 2005 and lasting through January 2006* Z-pinch, in fusion power...
(present day Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
) to found a printing works, he travelled to Venice
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
, where he learned about printing, probably in the printing works of Aldus Manutius
Aldus Manutius
Aldus Pius Manutius , the Latinised name of Aldo Manuzio —sometimes called Aldus Manutius, the Elder to distinguish him from his grandson, Aldus Manutius, the Younger—was an Italian humanist who became a printer and publisher when he founded the Aldine Press at Venice.His publishing legacy includes...
. After returning to Montenegro, he founded printing works in Obod, then the capital, and later, with the shifting of the capital, moved to Cetinje
Cetinje
Cetinje , Цетиње / Cetinje , Italian: Cettigne, Greek: Κετίγνη, Ketígni) is a town and Old Royal Capital of Montenegro. It is also a historical and the secondary capital of Montenegro , with the official residence of the President of Montenegro...
where, in 1494, he printed the first book in Serbian language, an Oktoih
Oktoih
Oktoih , in English the Book of Psalms or Psalter, is an incunabula printed in Cetinje, Montenegro in 1494. Oktoih is a book of liturgical hymns for singing in eight parts. It was printed in the Printing House of Crnojevići by Đurađ IV Crnojević, an educated ruler of Montenegro from 1490-1496...
(it is probable that the first two or four parts were printed in Venice, but the last four were printed in Obod).
After the fall of Zeta/Montenegro to Turks in 1499, Makarije fled to Walachia. In 1511, Makarije started a printing works in Targoviste
Târgoviste
Târgoviște is a city in the Dâmbovița county of Romania. It is situated on the right bank of the Ialomiţa River. , it had an estimated population of 89,000. One village, Priseaca, is administered by the city.-Name:...
, where he printed the first books in this principality (but not the first books in Romanian
Romanian language
Romanian Romanian Romanian (or Daco-Romanian; obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; self-designation: română, limba română ("the Romanian language") or românește (lit. "in Romanian") is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova...
since these were printed in Church Slavonic).
He then moved to the Hilandar
Hilandar
Hilandar Monastery is a Serbian Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos in Greece. It was founded in 1198 by the first Serbian Archbishop Saint Sava and his father, Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja of the medieval Serbian principality of Raška...
monastery, where he became the abbot. There he helped found the Hilandar
Hilandar
Hilandar Monastery is a Serbian Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos in Greece. It was founded in 1198 by the first Serbian Archbishop Saint Sava and his father, Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja of the medieval Serbian principality of Raška...
printing works.
Makarije also wrote the treatise "On the Borders of Dacia
Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
" (O medjah Dacije) preserved in Hilandar library.