Hikayat Panca Tanderan
Encyclopedia
Hikayat Panca Tanderan is a hikayat in Malay language written by Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir
. The hikayat was an adaptation of Panchatantra
which was translated from Tamil language
in 1835 with the help of a friend of Abdullah named Tambi Mutu Birapattar. Abdullah himself is a Muslim of mixed Tamil
, Arab and Malay
ancestry.
The contents of the story are similar to the Hikayat Khalila dan Damina, a Malay text translated from the work of Persian scholar Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa
, Kalilah wa-Dimnah (كليلة و دمنة), which in turn a translation from the Syriac version, Kalilag and Damnag which was also an adaptation of Panchatantra. The Abdullah's version however is considered closer to the original one in Sanskrit
because it was directly translated from the Tamil version, which was written within the circle of Hindu culture itself.
, there was a king named Sukadarma. He has four princes who are very dumb and did not obey their parent’s advice. Their behaviors made the king felt extremely sad.
So one day, when the king received an audience from his ministers and nobilities, there was a Brahmin
named Sumasingha that voluntarily offer to educate his princes. The king gratefully accepts the offer so he gave the Brahmin his royal presents and rewards.
The Brahmin taught the four stupid princes with five (Sanskrit
: pancha) stories that are divided based on their knowledge (Sanskrit
:tantra) and supplemented with animal fables.
The titles of five stories are:
Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir
Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir , also known as Munshi Abdullah, was a Malayan writer of Indian origin. He was a famous Malacca-born Indian munshi of Singapore and died in Jeddah, then part of the Ottoman Empire ....
. The hikayat was an adaptation of Panchatantra
Panchatantra
The Panchatantra is an ancient Indian inter-related collection of animal fables in verse and prose, in a frame story format. The original Sanskrit work, which some scholars believe was composed in the 3rd century BCE, is attributed to Vishnu Sharma...
which was translated from Tamil language
Tamil language
Tamil is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in the Indian union territory of Pondicherry. Tamil is also an official language of Sri Lanka and Singapore...
in 1835 with the help of a friend of Abdullah named Tambi Mutu Birapattar. Abdullah himself is a Muslim of mixed Tamil
Tamil people
Tamil people , also called Tamils or Tamilians, are an ethnic group native to Tamil Nadu, India and the north-eastern region of Sri Lanka. Historic and post 15th century emigrant communities are also found across the world, notably Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, South Africa, Australia, Canada,...
, Arab and Malay
Malay people
Malays are an ethnic group of Austronesian people predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, including the southernmost parts of Thailand, the east coast of Sumatra, the coast of Borneo, and the smaller islands which lie between these locations...
ancestry.
The contents of the story are similar to the Hikayat Khalila dan Damina, a Malay text translated from the work of Persian scholar Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa
Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa
Abū-Muhammad Abd-Allāh Rūzbeh ibn Dādūya/Dādōē , known as Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ , Ibn Muqaffa/Ebn-e Moghaffa , or Rūzbeh pūr-e Dādūya , was a Persian thinker and a Zoroastrian convert to Islam.-Biography:...
, Kalilah wa-Dimnah (كليلة و دمنة), which in turn a translation from the Syriac version, Kalilag and Damnag which was also an adaptation of Panchatantra. The Abdullah's version however is considered closer to the original one in Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
because it was directly translated from the Tamil version, which was written within the circle of Hindu culture itself.
Story
In Padalipurwan country, the land of HindustanIndia
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, there was a king named Sukadarma. He has four princes who are very dumb and did not obey their parent’s advice. Their behaviors made the king felt extremely sad.
So one day, when the king received an audience from his ministers and nobilities, there was a Brahmin
Brahmin
Brahmin Brahman, Brahma and Brahmin.Brahman, Brahmin and Brahma have different meanings. Brahman refers to the Supreme Self...
named Sumasingha that voluntarily offer to educate his princes. The king gratefully accepts the offer so he gave the Brahmin his royal presents and rewards.
The Brahmin taught the four stupid princes with five (Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
: pancha) stories that are divided based on their knowledge (Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
:tantra) and supplemented with animal fables.
The titles of five stories are:
- Matrapanam (in SanskritSanskritSanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
: Mitrabheda). - Sakralaum (in SanskritSanskritSanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
: Mitraprâpti). - Sandi Bikraum (in SanskritSanskritSanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
: Sandhi Vigraha). - Artanasam (in SanskritSanskritSanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
: Labdhanâśa). - Sambi Rica Karium (in SanskritSanskritSanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
: Aparîksitakâritva).