Himantura
Encyclopedia
Himantura is a genus of stingray
in the family
Dasyatidae, commonly known as the whiprays. They are distinguished from other stingrays by a long, slender tail
without tail folds. Himantura species
are very morphologically
diverse and the genus may be polyphyletic. Most species are found in the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean
.
Stingray
The stingrays are a group of rays, which are cartilaginous fishes related to sharks. They are classified in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes, and consist of eight families: Hexatrygonidae , Plesiobatidae , Urolophidae , Urotrygonidae , Dasyatidae , Potamotrygonidae The...
in the family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Dasyatidae, commonly known as the whiprays. They are distinguished from other stingrays by a long, slender tail
Tail
The tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso. It is the part of the body that corresponds roughly to the sacrum and coccyx in mammals, reptiles, and birds...
without tail folds. Himantura species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
are very morphologically
Morphology (biology)
In biology, morphology is a branch of bioscience dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features....
diverse and the genus may be polyphyletic. Most species are found in the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Subcontinent and Arabian Peninsula ; on the west by eastern Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and...
.
Species
- Himantura alcockii (AnnandaleNelson AnnandaleThomas Nelson Annandale CIE was a Scottish zoologist, entomologist and anthropologist.The eldest son of Thomas Annandale, the regius professor of clinical surgery at the University of Edinburgh, Nelson was educated at Rugby School, Balliol College, Oxford, and the University of Edinburgh.Annandale...
, 1909) (Pale-spot whipray) - Himantura astra Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Pogonoski, 2008 (Black-spotted whipray)
- Himantura bleekeri (BlythEdward BlythEdward Blyth was an English zoologist and pharmacist. He was one of the founders of zoology in India....
, 1860) (Bleeker's whipray) - Himantura chaophraya Monkolprasit & T. R. Roberts, 1990 (Giant freshwater stingray)
- Himantura dalyensis, Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2008 (Freshwater whipray)
- Himantura draco, Compagno & Heemstra, 1984 (Dragon Stingray) Note - validity doubtful, probably synonym of H. Jenkinsii
- Himantura fai D. S. JordanDavid Starr JordanDavid Starr Jordan, Ph.D., LL.D. was a leading eugenicist, ichthyologist, educator and peace activist. He was president of Indiana University and Stanford University.-Early life and education:...
& Seale, 1906 (Pink whipray) - Himantura fava (AnnandaleNelson AnnandaleThomas Nelson Annandale CIE was a Scottish zoologist, entomologist and anthropologist.The eldest son of Thomas Annandale, the regius professor of clinical surgery at the University of Edinburgh, Nelson was educated at Rugby School, Balliol College, Oxford, and the University of Edinburgh.Annandale...
, 1909) (Honeycomb whipray) - Himantura fluviatilis (F. HamiltonFrancis Buchanan-HamiltonDr Francis Buchanan, later known as Francis Hamilton but often referred to as Francis Buchanan-Hamilton was a Scottish physician who made significant contributions as a geographer, zoologist, and botanist while living in India.The standard botanical author abbreviation Buch.-Ham. is applied to...
, 1822) (Ganges stingray) - Himantura gerrardi (J. E. GrayJohn Edward GrayJohn Edward Gray, FRS was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....
, 1851) (Whitespotted whipray) - Himantura granulata (MacleayWilliam John MacleaySir William John Macleay . was an Australian politician, zoologist and naturalist.-Early life:Macleay was born at Wick, Caithness, Scotland, second son of Kenneth Macleay of Keiss and his wife Barbara, née Horne...
, 1883) (Mangrove whipray) - Himantura hortlei Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Kailola, 2006 (Hortle's whipray)
- Himantura imbricataHimantura imbricataThe scaly whipray is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found in the tropical Indo-West Pacific oceans from the Red Sea and Mauritius to Indonesia. Its width is up to 25 cm, and it may reach 1.4 m in length....
(BlochMarcus Elieser BlochMarcus Elieser Bloch was a German medical doctor and naturalist. He is generally considered one of the most important ichthyologists of the 18th century.- Life :...
& J. G. SchneiderJohann Gottlob SchneiderJohann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider was a German classicist and naturalist.-Biography:Schneider was born at Collm in Saxony...
, 1801) (Scaly whipray) - Himantura jenkinsii (AnnandaleNelson AnnandaleThomas Nelson Annandale CIE was a Scottish zoologist, entomologist and anthropologist.The eldest son of Thomas Annandale, the regius professor of clinical surgery at the University of Edinburgh, Nelson was educated at Rugby School, Balliol College, Oxford, and the University of Edinburgh.Annandale...
, 1909) (Jenkins' whipray) - Himantura kittipongi Vidthayanon & T. R. Roberts, 2005 (Roughback whipray)
- Himantura krempfi (Chabanaud, 1923) (Marbled freshwater whipray)
- Himantura leoparda Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008 (Leopard whipray)
- Himantura lobistoma Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2006 (Tubemouth whipray)
- Himantura marginata (BlythEdward BlythEdward Blyth was an English zoologist and pharmacist. He was one of the founders of zoology in India....
, 1860) (Blackedge whipray) - Himantura microphthalma (J. S. T. F. Chen, 1948) (Smalleye whipray)
- Himantura oxyrhyncha (SauvageHenri Émile Sauvage- Works :Articles in The Popular Science Monthly:* “Amphibious Fishes,” in Popular Science Monthly Volume 9, September 1876* “The Archer-Fishes,” in Popular Science Monthly Volume 12, January 1878* “The Matamata,” in Popular Science Monthly Volume 16, March 1880...
, 1878) (Marbled whipray) - Himantura pacifica (BeebeWilliam BeebeWilliam Beebe, born Charles William Beebe was an American naturalist, ornithologist, marine biologist, entomologist, explorer, and author...
& Tee-Van, 1941) (Pacific chupare) - Himantura pareh (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1852) - Himantura pastinacoides (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1852) (Round whipray) - Himantura schmardae (WernerFranz WernerFranz Werner was an Austrian zoologist and explorer. Specializing as a herpetologist and entomologist, Werner described numerous species and other taxa of frogs, snakes, insects, and other organisms....
, 1904) (Chupare stingray) - Himantura signifer Compagno & T. R. Roberts, 1982 (White-rimmed stingray)
- Himantura toshi WhitleyGilbert Percy WhitleyGilbert Percy Whitley was a British-born Australian ichthyologist and malacologist who was Curator of Fishes at the Australian Museum in Sydney for about 40 years. He was born at Swaythling, Southampton, England, and was educated at King Edward VI School, Southampton and Osborne House...
, 1939 (Brown whipray) - Himantura uarnacoides (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1852) (Whitenose whipray) - Himantura uarnak (J. F. GmelinJohann Friedrich GmelinJohann Friedrich Gmelin was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist and malacologist.- Education :Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen...
, 1789) (Reticulate whipray) - Himantura undulata (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1852) (Leopard whipray) - Himantura walga (J. P. MüllerJohannes Peter MüllerJohannes Peter Müller , was a German physiologist, comparative anatomist, and ichthyologist not only known for his discoveries but also for his ability to synthesize knowledge.-Early years and education:...
& HenleFriedrich Gustav Jakob HenleFriedrich Gustav Jakob Henle was a German physician, pathologist and anatomist. He is credited with the discovery of the loop of Henle in the kidney. His essay "On Miasma and Contagia" was an early argument for the germ theory of disease...
, 1841) (Dwarf whipray)