Hippocampal sclerosis
Encyclopedia
Ammon's horn sclerosis is the most common type of neuropathological
damage seen in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy
(TLE). This type of neuron
cell loss, primarily in the hippocampus
, can be observed in approximately 65% of people suffering from this form of epilepsy
.
Histopathological
hallmarks of hippocampal sclerosis include segmental loss of pyramidal neurons, granule cell dispersion and reactive gliosis.
Hippocampal sclerosis was first described in 1880 by Wilhelm Sommer.
A long and ongoing debate addresses the issue of whether hippocampal sclerosis is the cause or the consequence of chronic, pharmacoresistant seizure activity.
Hippocampal sclerosis is nowadays easy to detect with MRI.
Neuropathology
Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole autopsy brains. Neuropathology is a subspecialty of anatomic pathology, neurology, and neurosurgery...
damage seen in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy
Temporal lobe epilepsy a.k.a. Psychomotor epilepsy, is a form of focal epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures. Over 40 types of epilepsies are known. They fall into two main categories: partial-onset epilepsies and generalized-onset epilepsies...
(TLE). This type of neuron
Neuron
A neuron is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling. Chemical signaling occurs via synapses, specialized connections with other cells. Neurons connect to each other to form networks. Neurons are the core components of the nervous...
cell loss, primarily in the hippocampus
Hippocampus
The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in...
, can be observed in approximately 65% of people suffering from this form of epilepsy
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms of abnormal, excessive or hypersynchronous neuronal activity in the brain.About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, and nearly two out of every three new cases...
.
Histopathological
Histopathology
Histopathology refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease...
hallmarks of hippocampal sclerosis include segmental loss of pyramidal neurons, granule cell dispersion and reactive gliosis.
Hippocampal sclerosis was first described in 1880 by Wilhelm Sommer.
A long and ongoing debate addresses the issue of whether hippocampal sclerosis is the cause or the consequence of chronic, pharmacoresistant seizure activity.
Hippocampal sclerosis is nowadays easy to detect with MRI.