Hockenheimring
Encyclopedia
The Hockenheimring Baden-Württemberg is an automobile racing track situated near the town of Hockenheim
in Baden-Württemberg
, Germany
, located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route
. Amongst other motor racing events, it biennially hosts the Formula One
German Grand Prix
. Situated in the Rhine valley, the circuit is almost completely flat, with very little change in elevation.
and Auto Union
in 1936. In 1938 it was renamed the Kurpfalzring and that name was used until 1947. After the war, former DKW and NSU factory rider and world record setter Wilhelm Herz
promoted the track successfully. Grand Prix motorcycle racing
events were held, with the German motorcycle Grand Prix
alternating between Hockenheim and other tracks.
The original circuit was almost eight kilometres long and consisted of two long straights with a long "Eastern" corner in the forest and a U-turn inside Hockenheim joining them together.
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In 1965, when the new Autobahn A 6
separated the village from the main part of the track, a new version of Hockenheim circuit was built, with the "Motodrom" stadium section. After Jim Clark
was killed in 1968 in a Formula 2 racing accident, two chicane
s and an Armco
barrier were added. A small memorial was placed near the first chicane, at the site of his accident. In 1982, another chicane was added at the Ostkurve (east curve), after Patrick Depailler
was killed there in 1980; and the first chicane was made slower as well.
This version used to be quite large, with a very long, fast section going through forests essentially consisting of four straights of roughly 1.3 km, separated by a chicane sequence, followed by a more tight and twisty "stadium" section (so called because of all the grandstands situated there) named Motodrom. This made the setting-up of racing cars difficult, since a choice had to be made - whether to run low downforce
to optimize speed through the straights and compromise grip in the stadium section, or vice-versa. The long track length also meant that a typical Formula 1 race had only 45 laps, limiting the spectators' experience of the race to only the many passes through the stadium.
Many problems came to light during the 2000 German Grand Prix
, where Brazilian driver Rubens Barrichello
won from having started 18th on the grid, in changeable weather conditions. All the overtaking moves that took place during the race were in the chicanes of the forest sector, meaning hardly any spectators saw most of the best action. French driver Jean Alesi
had a massive accident at the 3rd chicane after a collision in the braking zone with Pedro Diniz
, which saw Alesi's car spin uncontrollably down the track, causing him to suffer dizziness for 3 days. A former Mercedes employee, who had been sacked, breached the track's security barriers on the first main straight, showing vulnerable security facilities in the forest.
These events prompted much protest from the FIA to greatly improve spectator viewing, safety and security at the track, as it had become clear that the track was no longer suited to modern Formula 1 racing.
and sites in Asia. The state government of Baden-Württemberg
secured the financing for the redesign by Hermann Tilke
for the 2002 German Grand Prix
. The stadium section remained mostly intact, despite a new surface and a tighter Turn 1 ("Nordkurve"). However, the circuit was dramatically shortened, with the long, forest straights section chopped off in favour of more tight corners. In an extremely controversial move, the old forest section was torn up and replanted with trees, eliminating any chance of using the old course either for future F1 events or for historic car events. There was and still remains a great deal of criticism of the track redesign, in terms of ruining the previous unique technical challenges of the old Hockenheim circuit and delivering a new homogenised 'assembly line' circuit without the character of the previous layout, whilst being beset by the perceived problems of other Tilke circuits. Several drivers and team principals, including Ron Dennis
, Jarno Trulli
and Juan Pablo Montoya
criticised the changes and stated their preference for the old circuit.
The new track has a seating capacity
of 120,000, due to new large grandstands sponsored by Mercedes-Benz
.
The complex also features a quarter mile track for drag racing
. It hosts one of the largest drag racing events in Europe known as the NitrOlympx.
for the first time in 1970 when the F1 drivers decided at the French Grand Prix
to boycott the Nürburgring
unless major changes were made. The next year the German Grand Prix went back to the Nürburgring until the 1976 German Grand Prix
. From to , the Hockenheimring hosted the German Grand Prix with the exception of 1985
, when the race was held at the reconfigured Nürburgring.
In July 2006, Bernie Ecclestone
announced that from 2007 onwards, there would be only one Grand Prix per year in Germany. Since , there had been two Grands Prix every year in Germany; the German Grand Prix
at Hockenheim, plus either the European Grand Prix
or the Luxembourg Grand Prix
at the Nürburgring. From 2007, the Nürburgring and Hockenheimring alternate hosting the German Grand Prix, starting with the Nürburgring in 2007.
Ongoing deficits of the Formula 1 races, amounting to up to 5.3 million Euro per race that had to be covered by the local communities, made it likely the contract between the Hockenheimring and the Formula 1 would not be extended after the Grand Prix of 2010. However, in October 2009 the contract for the circuit to hold the German GP was extended to 2018, with the FOA agreeing to cover any losses the event incurs.
Hockenheim
Hockenheim is a German town in northwest Baden-Württemberg, about 20 km south of Mannheim. It is located in the Upper Rhine valley on the touristical theme routes Baden Asparagus Route and Bertha Benz Memorial Route...
in Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, located on Bertha Benz Memorial Route
Bertha Benz Memorial Route
The Bertha Benz Memorial Route is a German tourist and theme route in Baden-Württemberg and member of the European Route of Industrial Heritage...
. Amongst other motor racing events, it biennially hosts the Formula One
Formula One
Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1 and referred to officially as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of single seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . The "formula" designation in the name refers to a set of rules with which...
German Grand Prix
German Grand Prix
The German Grand Prix is an annual automobile race.Because Germany was banned from taking part in international events after World War II, the German GP only became part of the Formula One World Championship in 1951...
. Situated in the Rhine valley, the circuit is almost completely flat, with very little change in elevation.
1930s - 1960s
Hockenheimring was originally built in 1932 using roads in the forest as an alternative to the Wildpark-Circuit in Karlsruhe, which became forbidden as a racing circuit by German officials. Hockenheimring was used for motorcycle racing and was expanded to be used as test track for Mercedes-BenzMercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks. Mercedes-Benz is a division of its parent company, Daimler AG...
and Auto Union
Auto Union
Auto Union was an amalgamation of four German automobile manufacturers, founded in 1932 and established in 1936 in Chemnitz, Saxony, during the Great Depression. The company has evolved into present day Audi, as a subsidiary of Volkswagen Group....
in 1936. In 1938 it was renamed the Kurpfalzring and that name was used until 1947. After the war, former DKW and NSU factory rider and world record setter Wilhelm Herz
Wilhelm Herz
Wilhelm Herz was a motorbike racer and land speed racer. He started his career in 1932 with DKW and went over to NSU in 1939...
promoted the track successfully. Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix is the premier championship of motorcycle road racing currently divided into three distinct classes: 125cc, Moto2 and MotoGP. The 125cc class uses a two-stroke engine while Moto2 and MotoGP use four-stroke engines. In 2010 the 250cc two-stroke was replaced...
events were held, with the German motorcycle Grand Prix
German motorcycle Grand Prix
The German motorcycle Grand Prix, first held in 1925, is since 1952 part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing World Championship.- History :The first two Großer Preis von Deutschland races were held at Berlin's AVUS before moving to the new the purpose-built Nürburgring which was used in its full...
alternating between Hockenheim and other tracks.
The original circuit was almost eight kilometres long and consisted of two long straights with a long "Eastern" corner in the forest and a U-turn inside Hockenheim joining them together.
1960s - 2001
Bundesautobahn 6
, also known as Via Carolina is a 477 km long German autobahn. It starts at the French border near Saarbrücken in the west and end at the Czech border near Waidhaus in the east....
separated the village from the main part of the track, a new version of Hockenheim circuit was built, with the "Motodrom" stadium section. After Jim Clark
Jim Clark
James "Jim" Clark, Jr OBE was a British Formula One racing driver from Scotland, who won two World Championships, in 1963 and 1965....
was killed in 1968 in a Formula 2 racing accident, two chicane
Chicane
A chicane is an artificial feature creating extra turns in a road, used in motor racing and on city streets to slow cars to lower speeds.- Motor Racing :...
s and an Armco
AK Steel Holding
AK Steel Corporation is an American steel company whose predecessor, Armco, was founded in 1899 in Middletown, Ohio. Today, the company's corporate headquarters is situated in West Chester, Ohio, after having moved from Middletown, Ohio, in August 2007.- Products :AK Steel's main products are...
barrier were added. A small memorial was placed near the first chicane, at the site of his accident. In 1982, another chicane was added at the Ostkurve (east curve), after Patrick Depailler
Patrick Depailler
Patrick André Eugène Joseph Depailler was a racing driver from France. He participated in 95 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 2 July 1972. He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races.Depailler was born in Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme. As a child, he...
was killed there in 1980; and the first chicane was made slower as well.
This version used to be quite large, with a very long, fast section going through forests essentially consisting of four straights of roughly 1.3 km, separated by a chicane sequence, followed by a more tight and twisty "stadium" section (so called because of all the grandstands situated there) named Motodrom. This made the setting-up of racing cars difficult, since a choice had to be made - whether to run low downforce
Downforce
Downforce is a downwards thrust created by the aerodynamic characteristics of a car. The purpose of downforce is to allow a car to travel faster through a corner by increasing the vertical force on the tires, thus creating more grip....
to optimize speed through the straights and compromise grip in the stadium section, or vice-versa. The long track length also meant that a typical Formula 1 race had only 45 laps, limiting the spectators' experience of the race to only the many passes through the stadium.
Many problems came to light during the 2000 German Grand Prix
2000 German Grand Prix
The 2000 German Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on July 30, 2000 at the Hockenheimring near Hockenheim, Germany. It was the eleventh race of the 2000 Formula One season. Ferrari driver Rubens Barrichello scored his first career win after starting from 18th place on the grid...
, where Brazilian driver Rubens Barrichello
Rubens Barrichello
Rubens Gonçalves "Rubinho" Barrichello is a Brazilian Formula One racing driver. He is currently racing for Williams F1.Barrichello has scored the seventh highest points total in Formula One history. Barrichello drove for Ferrari from to , as Michael Schumacher's teammate, enjoying considerable...
won from having started 18th on the grid, in changeable weather conditions. All the overtaking moves that took place during the race were in the chicanes of the forest sector, meaning hardly any spectators saw most of the best action. French driver Jean Alesi
Jean Alesi
Jean Alesi is a French racing driver of Italian origin. His Formula One career included spells at Tyrrell, Benetton, Sauber, Prost, Jordan and most notably Ferrari where he proved very popular among the tifosi...
had a massive accident at the 3rd chicane after a collision in the braking zone with Pedro Diniz
Pedro Diniz
Pedro Paulo Diniz is a racing driver from Brazil. He participated in 99 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on March 26, 1995...
, which saw Alesi's car spin uncontrollably down the track, causing him to suffer dizziness for 3 days. A former Mercedes employee, who had been sacked, breached the track's security barriers on the first main straight, showing vulnerable security facilities in the forest.
These events prompted much protest from the FIA to greatly improve spectator viewing, safety and security at the track, as it had become clear that the track was no longer suited to modern Formula 1 racing.
2001 redesign
In the early 2000s, F1 officials demanded the 6.823 km (4.2 mi) track be shortened and threatened to discontinue racing there, due to competition from other tracks such as the EuroSpeedway LausitzEuroSpeedway Lausitz
The EuroSpeedway Lausitz is a race track located near Klettwitz in the state of Brandenburg in Eastern Germany, near the borders of Poland and the Czech Republic...
and sites in Asia. The state government of Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...
secured the financing for the redesign by Hermann Tilke
Hermann Tilke
Hermann Tilke is a German engineer and auto racer, who has designed numerous Formula One motor racing circuits.-Racing:...
for the 2002 German Grand Prix
2002 German Grand Prix
The 2002 German Grand Prix was a Formula One race held at Hockenheimring on July 28, 2002. It was the first Grand Prix to be held at Hockenheimring since the track was redesigned, which had seen the forest sections of the track removed and hence the length of the track shortened.- Qualifying...
. The stadium section remained mostly intact, despite a new surface and a tighter Turn 1 ("Nordkurve"). However, the circuit was dramatically shortened, with the long, forest straights section chopped off in favour of more tight corners. In an extremely controversial move, the old forest section was torn up and replanted with trees, eliminating any chance of using the old course either for future F1 events or for historic car events. There was and still remains a great deal of criticism of the track redesign, in terms of ruining the previous unique technical challenges of the old Hockenheim circuit and delivering a new homogenised 'assembly line' circuit without the character of the previous layout, whilst being beset by the perceived problems of other Tilke circuits. Several drivers and team principals, including Ron Dennis
Ron Dennis
Ronald "Ron" Dennis CBE is the executive chairman of McLaren Automotive and McLaren Group, and is also a significant shareholder in both companies...
, Jarno Trulli
Jarno Trulli
Jarno Trulli is an Italian Formula One racing driver. He has been a regular in Formula One since 1997, driving for Minardi, Prost, Jordan, Renault and Toyota. He won the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix for Renault, his only Grand Prix victory to date. He is known for being a qualification expert...
and Juan Pablo Montoya
Juan Pablo Montoya
Juan Pablo Montoya Roldán is a Colombian race car driver known internationally for participating and winning in Formula One and CART race competitions. He has enjoyed great success. Currently, he competes in NASCAR, driving the #42 Target Chevrolet Impala for Earnhardt Ganassi Racing in the Sprint...
criticised the changes and stated their preference for the old circuit.
The new track has a seating capacity
Seating capacity
Seating capacity refers to the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, both in terms of the physical space available, and in terms of limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats...
of 120,000, due to new large grandstands sponsored by Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks. Mercedes-Benz is a division of its parent company, Daimler AG...
.
The complex also features a quarter mile track for drag racing
Drag racing
Drag racing is a competition in which specially prepared automobiles or motorcycles compete two at a time to be the first to cross a set finish line, from a standing start, in a straight line, over a measured distance, most commonly a ¼-mile straight track....
. It hosts one of the largest drag racing events in Europe known as the NitrOlympx.
Formula 1
The Hockenheim Circuit hosted the German Grand PrixGerman Grand Prix
The German Grand Prix is an annual automobile race.Because Germany was banned from taking part in international events after World War II, the German GP only became part of the Formula One World Championship in 1951...
for the first time in 1970 when the F1 drivers decided at the French Grand Prix
1970 French Grand Prix
The 1970 French Grand Prix was a Formula One race held at Charade Circuit on July 5, 1970.- Classification :-Notes:* Pole Position: Jacky Ickx - 2:58.22* Fastest Lap: Jack Brabham – 3:00.75...
to boycott the Nürburgring
Nürburgring
The Nürburgring is a motorsport complex around the village of Nürburg, Germany. It features a modern Grand Prix race track built in 1984, and a much longer old North loop track which was built in the 1920s around the village and medieval castle of Nürburg in the Eifel mountains. It is located about...
unless major changes were made. The next year the German Grand Prix went back to the Nürburgring until the 1976 German Grand Prix
1976 German Grand Prix
The 1976 German Grand Prix was a Formula One race held at the Nürburgring on 1 August 1976, and is notable as the location of Niki Lauda's near fatal accident...
. From to , the Hockenheimring hosted the German Grand Prix with the exception of 1985
1985 German Grand Prix
The 1985 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Nürburgring on August 4, 1985. It was the ninth round of the 1985 Formula One season....
, when the race was held at the reconfigured Nürburgring.
In July 2006, Bernie Ecclestone
Bernie Ecclestone
Bernard Charles "Bernie" Ecclestone is an English business magnate, as president and CEO of Formula One Management and Formula One Administration and through his part-ownership of Alpha Prema, the parent company of the Formula One Group of companies. As such, he is generally considered the primary...
announced that from 2007 onwards, there would be only one Grand Prix per year in Germany. Since , there had been two Grands Prix every year in Germany; the German Grand Prix
German Grand Prix
The German Grand Prix is an annual automobile race.Because Germany was banned from taking part in international events after World War II, the German GP only became part of the Formula One World Championship in 1951...
at Hockenheim, plus either the European Grand Prix
European Grand Prix
The European Grand Prix is a Formula One event that was reintroduced during the mid-1980s and has been held regularly since 1999. From 2008 it will take place for at least another 7 years...
or the Luxembourg Grand Prix
Luxembourg Grand Prix
The Luxembourg Grand Prix was the name given to two races of the FIA Formula One World Championship, held in 1997 and 1998. The FIA rulings for Formula One stipulate that no country be allowed more than one race...
at the Nürburgring. From 2007, the Nürburgring and Hockenheimring alternate hosting the German Grand Prix, starting with the Nürburgring in 2007.
Ongoing deficits of the Formula 1 races, amounting to up to 5.3 million Euro per race that had to be covered by the local communities, made it likely the contract between the Hockenheimring and the Formula 1 would not be extended after the Grand Prix of 2010. However, in October 2009 the contract for the circuit to hold the German GP was extended to 2018, with the FOA agreeing to cover any losses the event incurs.
Music events
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Fatal accidents
- 1968 Jim ClarkJim ClarkJames "Jim" Clark, Jr OBE was a British Formula One racing driver from Scotland, who won two World Championships, in 1963 and 1965....
, during a Formula 2 race - 1972 Bert HawthorneBert HawthorneBert Hawthorne was a New Zealand racing driver. He was born in Derryhennett, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, however he immigrated to New Zealand at 13 years of age.- Racing career :...
, during a Formula 2 race - 1980 Markus HöttingerMarkus HöttingerMarkus Höttinger was an Austrian Formula Two driver who died at Germany’s Hockenheimring during a race in April 1980. He was 23 years old at the time. The incident occurred when a loose wheel from Derek Warwick's car struck the head of Höttinger, killing him almost instantly...
, during a Formula 2 race - 1980 Patrick DepaillerPatrick DepaillerPatrick André Eugène Joseph Depailler was a racing driver from France. He participated in 95 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 2 July 1972. He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races.Depailler was born in Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme. As a child, he...
, during a private test session - 1986 Tony Boden, during drag racing meeting
External links
- Hockenheimring
- Hockenheimring Circuit History and Statistics The Formula One Database
- Hockenheim Circuit profile Formula1.com
- A lap of Hockenheim with Honda’s Alex Wurz Formula1.com, 16 July 2008
- Hockenheim - the technical requirements Formula1.com, 17 July 2008
- Circuit Guide - Hockenheim, Germany BBC Sport, 17 February 2006
- Onboard video of one lap of Hockenheimring (MP4, 9,7 MB) Fastvoice
- Chronos Hockenheim Court Absolute Cars - Hockenheim Short Power Laps
- New Hockenheimring overlay Google Earth
- Hockenheim, Germany Satellite picture Google Maps (finally updated in September 2011 to show the new layout, but the footprint of the old circuit is still visible)