Holland, Lincolnshire
Encyclopedia
Holland is an area of south-east Lincolnshire
, England
. The name is still recognised locally and survives in the district of South Holland
.
' of Lincolnshire (the other two were Lindsey and Kesteven
) which had long had separate county administrations (Quarter Sessions
). Under the Local Government Act 1888
it obtained a county council, which it retained until 1974. At that point the three county councils were abolished and Lincolnshire (minus the northern part of Lindsey) had a single county council for the first time.
Before the changes of 1888, Holland had, since probably the tenth century, been divided into three wapentakes of Elloe
, Kirton and Skirbeck
.
Under the Local Government Act 1894
it was divided into rural district
s, urban district
s, with the municipal borough
of Boston
remaining untouched. The rural districts were Boston
, Crowland, East Elloe
and Spalding
, whilst Holbeach
, Long Sutton
, Spalding
and Sutton Bridge
became urban districts. In 1932, the Crowland
(which consisted of the single parish of Crowland) RD was abolished and added to Spalding RD, and all urban districts apart from Spalding were abolished and added to East Elloe RD.
s of Boston
and South Holland
.
Holland was all close to sea level, achieving a maximum altitude of about five metres on artificially raised river banks (levee
s). It therefore needed carefully managed drainage to maintain the very productive arable
farmland which covered almost its entire extent. Consequently, a significant part of its drainage for arable use had to await the introduction of steam pumping
. Before the mid nineteenth century, it was a much more pastoral
area, used for fattening stock
brought in from Scotland
and northern England before it was driven to market in places like London
. Many of the country roads are still called droves
.
Towns in Holland
The motto shown on the Coat of Arms is incorrect and should read "LABOR IPSE MERCES" (Work is its own reward). Examples may be seen in the window of the old hall (library) at Boston Grammar School, and on the wall of the Dining Room at Lincoln Hall, University of Nottingham.
Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the north west, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
. The name is still recognised locally and survives in the district of South Holland
South Holland, Lincolnshire
South Holland is a local government district of Lincolnshire. The district council is based in Spalding.It was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the Spalding urban district with East Elloe Rural District and Spalding Rural District...
.
Administration
The Parts of Holland was one of the three medieval subdivisions or 'PartsParts of Lincolnshire
The three Parts of the English county of Lincolnshire are or were divisions of the second-largest county in England. They existed as units of local government until it was reviewed in the 1970s...
' of Lincolnshire (the other two were Lindsey and Kesteven
Kesteven
The Parts of Kesteven are a traditional subdivision of Lincolnshire, England. This subdivision had long had a separate county administration , along with the other two parts, Lindsey and Holland.-Etymology:...
) which had long had separate county administrations (Quarter Sessions
Quarter Sessions
The Courts of Quarter Sessions or Quarter Sessions were local courts traditionally held at four set times each year in the United Kingdom and other countries in the former British Empire...
). Under the Local Government Act 1888
Local Government Act 1888
The Local Government Act 1888 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which established county councils and county borough councils in England and Wales...
it obtained a county council, which it retained until 1974. At that point the three county councils were abolished and Lincolnshire (minus the northern part of Lindsey) had a single county council for the first time.
Before the changes of 1888, Holland had, since probably the tenth century, been divided into three wapentakes of Elloe
Elloe
Elloe could be the name of various regions of Lincolnshire, all related*Elloe *Elloe Rural District*Elloes petty sessional division...
, Kirton and Skirbeck
Skirbeck (wapentake)
Skirbeck Wapentake was an administrative unit in the Parts of Holland Lincolnshire, England from the early eleventh century at the latest, until the wapentakes were abolished by the Local Government Act of 1888....
.
Under the Local Government Act 1894
Local Government Act 1894
The Local Government Act 1894 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed local government in England and Wales outside the County of London. The Act followed the reforms carried out at county level under the Local Government Act 1888...
it was divided into rural district
Rural district
Rural districts were a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and Ireland for the administration of predominantly rural areas at a level lower than that of the administrative counties.-England and Wales:In England...
s, urban district
Urban district
In the England, Wales and Ireland, an urban district was a type of local government district that covered an urbanised area. Urban districts had an elected Urban District Council , which shared local government responsibilities with a county council....
s, with the municipal borough
Municipal borough
Municipal boroughs were a type of local government district which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974, in Northern Ireland from 1840 to 1973 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1840 to 2002...
of Boston
Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a town and small port in Lincolnshire, on the east coast of England. It is the largest town of the wider Borough of Boston local government district and had a total population of 55,750 at the 2001 census...
remaining untouched. The rural districts were Boston
Boston Rural District
Boston was a rural district in Holland, Lincolnshire from 1894 to 1974.It was formed from the Boston rural sanitary district by the Local Government Act 1894. It did not include the municipal borough of Boston...
, Crowland, East Elloe
East Elloe Rural District
East Elloe was a rural district in Holland in Lincolnshire from 1894 to 1974.It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from the Holbeach rural sanitary district, and named after the historic Elloe hundred of Lincolnshire....
and Spalding
Spalding Rural District
Spalding was a rural district in Holland in Lincolnshire, England from 1894 to 1974.It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from the Spalding rural sanitary district...
, whilst Holbeach
Holbeach
Holbeach is a fenland market town with in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. The town lies from Spalding; from Boston; from King's Lynn; from Peterborough; and a by road from the county town of Lincoln. It is on the junction of the A151 and A17...
, Long Sutton
Long Sutton, Lincolnshire
Long Sutton, is a market town in Lincolnshire, England. Located in South Holland district, it lies close to the Wash.-Geography:The town has an estimated population of 5,037 in 2007. It is 13 miles east from Spalding.-Lincolnshire Fens:...
, Spalding
Spalding, Lincolnshire
Spalding is a market town with a population of 30,000 on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. Little London is a hamlet directly south of Spalding on the B1172 road....
and Sutton Bridge
Sutton Bridge
Sutton Bridge is a village and civil parish in southeastern Lincolnshire, England on the west bank of the River Nene in the district of South Holland.-Geography:...
became urban districts. In 1932, the Crowland
Crowland
Crowland or Croyland is a small town in south Lincolnshire, England, positioned between Peterborough and Spalding, with two sites of historical interest.-Geography:...
(which consisted of the single parish of Crowland) RD was abolished and added to Spalding RD, and all urban districts apart from Spalding were abolished and added to East Elloe RD.
Geography
The extent of the parts of Holland (the pre-1974 county) was the same as that of the combined modern local government districtNon-metropolitan district
Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially shire districts, are a type of local government district in England. As created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties in a so-called "two-tier" arrangement...
s of Boston
Boston (borough)
Boston is a local government district with borough status in Lincolnshire, England. Its council is based in the town of Boston. It lies around N53°0'0" W0°0'0"....
and South Holland
South Holland, Lincolnshire
South Holland is a local government district of Lincolnshire. The district council is based in Spalding.It was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the Spalding urban district with East Elloe Rural District and Spalding Rural District...
.
Holland was all close to sea level, achieving a maximum altitude of about five metres on artificially raised river banks (levee
Levee
A levee, levée, dike , embankment, floodbank or stopbank is an elongated naturally occurring ridge or artificially constructed fill or wall, which regulates water levels...
s). It therefore needed carefully managed drainage to maintain the very productive arable
Arable land
In geography and agriculture, arable land is land that can be used for growing crops. It includes all land under temporary crops , temporary meadows for mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow...
farmland which covered almost its entire extent. Consequently, a significant part of its drainage for arable use had to await the introduction of steam pumping
Steam engine
A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.Steam engines are external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products. Non-combustion heat sources such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be...
. Before the mid nineteenth century, it was a much more pastoral
Pasture
Pasture is land used for grazing. Pasture lands in the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock, such as horses, cattle, sheep or swine. The vegetation of tended pasture, forage, consists mainly of grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs...
area, used for fattening stock
Livestock
Livestock refers to one or more domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber and labor. The term "livestock" as used in this article does not include poultry or farmed fish; however the inclusion of these, especially poultry, within the meaning...
brought in from Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
and northern England before it was driven to market in places like London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. Many of the country roads are still called droves
Drover (Britain)
A drovers' road, drove or droveway is a route for droving livestock on foot from one place to another, such as to market or between summer and winter pasture...
.
Towns in Holland
- BostonBoston, LincolnshireBoston is a town and small port in Lincolnshire, on the east coast of England. It is the largest town of the wider Borough of Boston local government district and had a total population of 55,750 at the 2001 census...
- CrowlandCrowlandCrowland or Croyland is a small town in south Lincolnshire, England, positioned between Peterborough and Spalding, with two sites of historical interest.-Geography:...
- DoningtonDonington, LincolnshireDonington is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies north of the market town of Spalding on the A152, and is bypassed by the A52. The parish includes the hamlet of Northorpe, and...
- HolbeachHolbeachHolbeach is a fenland market town with in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. The town lies from Spalding; from Boston; from King's Lynn; from Peterborough; and a by road from the county town of Lincoln. It is on the junction of the A151 and A17...
- Long SuttonLong Sutton, LincolnshireLong Sutton, is a market town in Lincolnshire, England. Located in South Holland district, it lies close to the Wash.-Geography:The town has an estimated population of 5,037 in 2007. It is 13 miles east from Spalding.-Lincolnshire Fens:...
- SpaldingSpalding, LincolnshireSpalding is a market town with a population of 30,000 on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. Little London is a hamlet directly south of Spalding on the B1172 road....
The motto shown on the Coat of Arms is incorrect and should read "LABOR IPSE MERCES" (Work is its own reward). Examples may be seen in the window of the old hall (library) at Boston Grammar School, and on the wall of the Dining Room at Lincoln Hall, University of Nottingham.