Homeshare
Encyclopedia
Homeshare is the exchange of housing for help in the home. A householder
, typically an older person with a spare room, offers free or low-cost accommodation to another person in exchange for an agreed level of support. The support may include companionship, shopping
, household tasks, gardening
, care of pets and, increasingly, help to use the computer. Homeshare thus provides a solution to the needs of two groups of people - those in need of affordable housing
, often younger people, and those in need of some support to live at home, usually older people
. Homeshare programmes, many run by voluntary bodies
, have taken root in at least thirteen countries worldwide, some of them with public funding.
The direct benefits to older/disabled people include help with daily living, companionship and the security of having someone in the house, especially at night. There are even recorded instances of homesharers saving lives; for example a German homesharer called the emergency services when the householder had a heart attack. Other benefits include breaking down the barriers between generations and different cultures, fostering mutual understanding and tolerance. For instance, in an Australian programme, an elderly Italian lady successfully shared her home with a Pakistani Muslim homesharer.
Others benefit indirectly. Families of older people speak of the reassurance that their loved one has someone in the house, looking after their welfare. Public services
benefit too, as homeshare can delay the need for costly services such as residential care.
The following case study from the UK indicates how homeshare can benefit an older and a younger person.
Homeshare is usually seen as a free exchange of services, though in some programmes, such as ensemble2generations in France, homesharers pay a modest rent for their room. Typically the homesharers get free accommodation however and in return offer a specified number of hours of support: ten hours per week in the UK is usual, while in Germany the hours of support are related to the size of the homesharer’s room. Either or both applicants may pay a fee to the homeshare programme to cover administrative costs.
(founder of the Gray Panthers
) set up the first programs in 1972. In the UK, homeshare was taken up in the early 1980s by the late Nan Maitland, who in 1993 launched the first formal programme, in London. In Europe, it is believed that the concept of homeshare was invented quite independently in Spain, where, in 1991 the Alojamiento por Compañia programme was set up in Granada to meet an urgent need for student accommodation. By 1992 the idea had been adopted in Germany where the award-winning Wohnen für Hilfe programme was founded by Professor Anne-Lotte Kreickemeier in Darmstadt, again to meet the need for student accommodation. There are now several programmes in Germany. In France, ensemble2generations, founded in 2006 in the Paris area, is now spreading to other parts of the country.
In 1999 Nan Maitland went on to launch Homeshare International (HI). Homeshare programmes in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, were launched in 2000 as a direct result of Homeshare International’s work.
The concept has now been adopted in many parts of the world. There have been failures too – in Israel and the Czech Republic in the 1990s for example.
Despite the fact that homeshare meets so many policy aims, public authorities have been slow to adopt it. Some programmes are funded by government, for example in Australia, but others struggle with little or no public financial backing. In part this may be policy makers’ lack of awareness but another factor may be the perceived risk of homeshare. In the UK for example, policy makers are wary of enabling strangers to move in with vulnerable older people, even though there is no single documented case of abuse taking place. The cost of running homeshare programmes may be another factor that limits the spread of the idea, though there is ample evidence that homeshare can be very cost effective in meeting the needs of older people (see Carstein (2003), below).
Run entirely by volunteers, Homeshare International runs a multi-lingual website, which is a major resource for practitioners, publishes a directory of known programmes (also on the website) and runs biennial conferences to enable people to meet and share experiences and learning.
In the UK, NAAPS (National Association of Adult Placement Services) supports the UK Homeshare Association, with a membership of the 11 homeshare programmes in England. In the USA, many homeshare programmes are affiliated with the National Shared Housing Resource Center. With the support of Oliver Letwin MP
and the art historian Anthony Russell
, NAAPS is currently pushing for the introduction of Homeshare to Dorset.
Owner-occupier
An owner-occupier is a person who lives in and owns the same home. It is a type of housing tenure. The home of the owner-occupier may be, for example, a house, apartment, condominium, or a housing cooperative...
, typically an older person with a spare room, offers free or low-cost accommodation to another person in exchange for an agreed level of support. The support may include companionship, shopping
Shopping
Shopping is the examining of goods or services from retailers with the intent to purchase at that time. Shopping is an activity of selection and/or purchase. In some contexts it is considered a leisure activity as well as an economic one....
, household tasks, gardening
Gardening
Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants. Ornamental plants are normally grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants are grown for consumption , for their dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use...
, care of pets and, increasingly, help to use the computer. Homeshare thus provides a solution to the needs of two groups of people - those in need of affordable housing
Affordable housing
Affordable housing is a term used to describe dwelling units whose total housing costs are deemed "affordable" to those that have a median income. Although the term is often applied to rental housing that is within the financial means of those in the lower income ranges of a geographical area, the...
, often younger people, and those in need of some support to live at home, usually older people
Old age
Old age consists of ages nearing or surpassing the average life span of human beings, and thus the end of the human life cycle...
. Homeshare programmes, many run by voluntary bodies
Volunteering
Volunteering is generally considered an altruistic activity, intended to promote good or improve human quality of life, but people also volunteer for their own skill development, to meet others, to make contacts for possible employment, to have fun, and a variety of other reasons that could be...
, have taken root in at least thirteen countries worldwide, some of them with public funding.
Who benefits from homeshare and how
Homeshare was originally set up to benefit older people who needed support to live independently, but the concept is infinitely flexible and can be adapted to meet local needs and circumstances. Homeshare is directly benefiting many people across the globe, including:- people with disabilities or support needs, of all ages
- single parentSingle parentSingle parent is a term that is mostly used to suggest that one parent has most of the day to day responsibilities in the raising of the child or children, which would categorize them as the dominant caregiver...
s who need help with child care - students who need low-cost accommodation
- young people and key workers (such as nurses, police officers, teachers) who are priced out of the housing market
The direct benefits to older/disabled people include help with daily living, companionship and the security of having someone in the house, especially at night. There are even recorded instances of homesharers saving lives; for example a German homesharer called the emergency services when the householder had a heart attack. Other benefits include breaking down the barriers between generations and different cultures, fostering mutual understanding and tolerance. For instance, in an Australian programme, an elderly Italian lady successfully shared her home with a Pakistani Muslim homesharer.
Others benefit indirectly. Families of older people speak of the reassurance that their loved one has someone in the house, looking after their welfare. Public services
Public services
Public services is a term usually used to mean services provided by government to its citizens, either directly or by financing private provision of services. The term is associated with a social consensus that certain services should be available to all, regardless of income...
benefit too, as homeshare can delay the need for costly services such as residential care.
The following case study from the UK indicates how homeshare can benefit an older and a younger person.
- Josie, in her mid-70s, was referred to a homeshare programme by a hospital after a strokeStrokeA stroke, previously known medically as a cerebrovascular accident , is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia caused by blockage , or a hemorrhage...
severely affected her behaviour. The hospital was keen to discharge her if home support could be arranged. She was found a perfect match in Trevor, a young working man who needed accommodation and who handled Josie’s erratic ways with great diplomacy. Soon Josie adored him like a grandson and, keen to cook for him, regained all her independence skills. Trevor stayed with her for three years by which time Josie was well enough to live alone again.
How homeshare works
Homeshare programmes are diverse in terms of how they operate. Some are run on a ‘counselling’ model, whereby programme co-ordinators screen potential candidates, match them skilfully, negotiate a contract, monitor the outcome and provide ongoing support to both parties (called ‘match-up programs’ in the USA). Others are run on the ‘referral’ model, where the programme co-ordinators interview applicants and suggest matches, and it is then up to the applicants to take the arrangements forward. Many USA programs offer both approaches.Homeshare is usually seen as a free exchange of services, though in some programmes, such as ensemble2generations in France, homesharers pay a modest rent for their room. Typically the homesharers get free accommodation however and in return offer a specified number of hours of support: ten hours per week in the UK is usual, while in Germany the hours of support are related to the size of the homesharer’s room. Either or both applicants may pay a fee to the homeshare programme to cover administrative costs.
The history of homeshare
Homeshare has its roots in the USA where the late Maggie KuhnMaggie Kuhn
Maggie Kuhn was an American activist known for founding the Gray Panthers movement in 1971 after being forced into retirement by the Presbyterian Church...
(founder of the Gray Panthers
Gray Panthers
The Gray Panthers was an organization in the United States founded by Maggie Kuhn in 1970, in response to her forced retirement at age 65. The group focused on health and other issues....
) set up the first programs in 1972. In the UK, homeshare was taken up in the early 1980s by the late Nan Maitland, who in 1993 launched the first formal programme, in London. In Europe, it is believed that the concept of homeshare was invented quite independently in Spain, where, in 1991 the Alojamiento por Compañia programme was set up in Granada to meet an urgent need for student accommodation. By 1992 the idea had been adopted in Germany where the award-winning Wohnen für Hilfe programme was founded by Professor Anne-Lotte Kreickemeier in Darmstadt, again to meet the need for student accommodation. There are now several programmes in Germany. In France, ensemble2generations, founded in 2006 in the Paris area, is now spreading to other parts of the country.
In 1999 Nan Maitland went on to launch Homeshare International (HI). Homeshare programmes in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, were launched in 2000 as a direct result of Homeshare International’s work.
The concept has now been adopted in many parts of the world. There have been failures too – in Israel and the Czech Republic in the 1990s for example.
Homeshare and the public policy agenda
Homeshare fits well with the policy agendas of many different countries, where it:- supports older people in their own homes for longer, delaying or preventing the need for costly residential care (see for example the Ben Carstein (2003) evaluation, detailed below)
- enables hospital discharge and prevents ‘bed-blocking’
- is a simple solution: “The consistency and simplicity of a single homesharer is ‘heaven sent’ compared with the typical highly-complex package of care for older people” (quoted from the report by Patricia Thornton, see below)
- makes better use of housing stock – many older householders are ‘under-occupying’ their homes
- provides affordable housing for key workers in expensive cities like London, UK
- provides low-cost accommodation for students, primarily in mainland Europe, where universities have increased their intake faster than their student housing programmes
- could contribute to intergenerational programmes, for examples see the Beth Johnson Foundation website
- contributes to strengthening local communities, such as promoted under the UK’s Putting People First agenda
Despite the fact that homeshare meets so many policy aims, public authorities have been slow to adopt it. Some programmes are funded by government, for example in Australia, but others struggle with little or no public financial backing. In part this may be policy makers’ lack of awareness but another factor may be the perceived risk of homeshare. In the UK for example, policy makers are wary of enabling strangers to move in with vulnerable older people, even though there is no single documented case of abuse taking place. The cost of running homeshare programmes may be another factor that limits the spread of the idea, though there is ample evidence that homeshare can be very cost effective in meeting the needs of older people (see Carstein (2003), below).
Homeshare International and other umbrella organisations
Homeshare International was set up in 1999 to:- raise awareness of homeshare and its potential contribution to public policy
- foster new programmes round the world
- encourage and support ‘good practices’
- encourage practitioners to exchange learning, ideas and information
- stimulate research into the benefits of homeshare
- provide working tools for homeshare practitioners
Run entirely by volunteers, Homeshare International runs a multi-lingual website, which is a major resource for practitioners, publishes a directory of known programmes (also on the website) and runs biennial conferences to enable people to meet and share experiences and learning.
In the UK, NAAPS (National Association of Adult Placement Services) supports the UK Homeshare Association, with a membership of the 11 homeshare programmes in England. In the USA, many homeshare programmes are affiliated with the National Shared Housing Resource Center. With the support of Oliver Letwin MP
Oliver Letwin
Oliver Letwin MP FRSA is a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he is currently the Minister of State at the Cabinet Office, and a Member of Parliament representing the constituency of West Dorset...
and the art historian Anthony Russell
Anthony Chandos Russell
Anthony Russell is a British art historian, social commentator and artist.He is the son of the artist Rodney F Russell and his third wife, the Argentine Doreen Gildea-Keereweer, attending Bryanston School and read art history at Oxford Brookes, before joining Lawrence Fine Art in the West Country...
, NAAPS is currently pushing for the introduction of Homeshare to Dorset.
External links
- ensemble2generations
- Homeshare International, video showing how homeshare works in France
- Un Toit Deux Ages, Belgium
- Wohnen Fur Hilfe, Germany
- National Shared Housing Resource Center, U.S.A.
- NAAPS UK, the charity representing Homeshare in the UK
- UK Homeshare Practice Guide developed by NAAPS
- Homeshare Vermont - a YouTube video from Vermont, USA
- Homeshare World, the world's most simple "homesharing" database, on the internet