Honolulu Marathon
Encyclopedia
The Honolulu Marathon is one of the world's largest marathons. It takes place annually in Honolulu, Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

 on the second Sunday in December.

History

The race began in 1973. During its formative period (1973–1978) the Honolulu Marathon doubled in size every year—a rate that has been equaled only once. That growth, like the growth of long-distance running itself, came about not from an interest in competition, but from a quest for personal longevity and an enhanced quality of life.

At the forefront of the growth of the Honolulu Marathon was cardiologist Jack Scaff, one of the first physicians to prescribe running as therapy for heart disease. In 1977 Sports Illustrated
Sports Illustrated
Sports Illustrated is an American sports media company owned by media conglomerate Time Warner. Its self titled magazine has over 3.5 million subscribers and is read by 23 million adults each week, including over 18 million men. It was the first magazine with circulation over one million to win the...

's senior writer and Olympic marathoner Kenny Moore
Kenny Moore
Kenneth Clark "Kenny" Moore is an American athlete and journalist. At the University of Oregon, Moore was one of Bill Bowerman's finest distance runners. After college, Moore ran in the Olympic marathon at both Mexico City and Munich, finishing fourth in 1972...

 wrote a feature story about the race. That article was soon followed by the book "The Honolulu Marathon," by journalist Mark Hazard Osmun; the book was a revelatory chronicle of the then-unfolding social craze called the "Running Boom," as exemplified in the Honolulu event.

Over time, the race grew and changed, luring large corporate sponsors and paying substantial prize money to the winners. In 1995, the Honolulu Marathon enjoyed the distinction of being the world's largest marathon when it drew 34,434 entrants and had 27,022 finishers.

Unique to the Honolulu Marathon among American marathons is its popularity among runners from Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

, where there are very few marathons open to all entrants. In recent years, the majority of entrants have been visitors from Japan. The marathon is popular enough that the Honolulu Marathon Association maintains an office in Tokyo
Tokyo
, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...

 to process entries. Japan Air Lines has been the title sponsor of the race since 1985, and four of the five supporting or contributing sponsors are Japanese companies (the only American sponsor is Nike
Nike, Inc.
Nike, Inc. is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, which is part of the Portland metropolitan area...

, and the Saturn Corporation was the official car supplier in 2007).

In 2008, 14,406 of the total 23,231 entries were from Japan, which made up nearly 62.0 percent of the field.

Course

Starting near Ala Moana Beach Park across from Ala Moana Center
Ala Moana Center
Ala Moana Center in Honolulu is the largest shopping mall in Hawaii, the fifteenth largest shopping mall in the United States, and the largest open-air shopping center in the world....

, the course progresses west along the waterfront toward downtown Honolulu
Downtown Honolulu
Downtown Honolulu is the current historic, economic, governmental, and central part of Honolulu—bounded by Nuuanu Stream to the west, Ward Avenue to the east, Vineyard Boulevard to the north, and Honolulu Harbor to the south—situated within the larger Honolulu District...

, then loops through downtown and bends back east through Waikiki
Waikiki
Waikiki is a neighborhood of Honolulu, in the City and County of Honolulu, on the south shore of the island of Oahu, in Hawaii. Waikiki Beach is the shoreline fronting Waikīkī....

, around Diamond Head
Diamond Head, Hawaii
Diamond Head is the name of a volcanic tuff cone on the Hawaiian island of Oahu and known to Hawaiians as Lēahi, most likely from lae 'browridge, promontory' plus ahi 'tuna' because the shape of the ridgeline resembles the shape of a tuna's dorsal fin...

, and out toward the eastern suburbs of Honolulu, winding through Hawaii Kai before doubling back toward the finish line at Waikiki
Waikiki
Waikiki is a neighborhood of Honolulu, in the City and County of Honolulu, on the south shore of the island of Oahu, in Hawaii. Waikiki Beach is the shoreline fronting Waikīkī....

's Kapiolani Park
Kapiolani Park
Kapiolani Regional Park is the largest and oldest public park in Hawaii, located in Honolulu, Hawaii on the east end of Waikīkī just beyond Kuhio Beach Park and the Waikiki residential neighborhood...

. Marathoners consider the course moderately difficult because of the tropical weather conditions, with temperatures starting at around 65°F (18°C) and rising to as high as 80°F (27°C), and a relatively hilly course compared with other marathons. Nevertheless, the race also remains a popular choice for first-time marathoners.

Satellite races in Iraq and Afghanistan

The Honolulu Marathon has been popular with U.S. military personnel stationed in Hawaii. With many Hawaii-based troops deployed abroad, the marathon coordinated with the military to organize satellite marathon races on U.S. bases in Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....

 and Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...

 on the same day as the main race, with finishers receiving the same T-shirts and medals. The first such race was held in 2004 at a U.S. base in Tarin Kowt, Afghanistan. In 2005, the marathon organized a similar race at Camp Victory in Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...

.

On Dec. 12, 2010, the 43rd Sustainment Brigade, home stationed in Fort Carson, Colo., now deployed to Kandahar Air Field, Afghanistan, organized a satellite run on the base. Nearly 135 people from several different nations participated in the run.

Finishers

In recent years, on average, about 25,000 runners finish the Honolulu Marathon each year, and it has consistently placed among the world's ten largest marathons in terms of total finishers. Entry to the Honolulu Marathon is open to anyone who can pay the entry fee. Unlike other marathons of similar size, popularity, and stature, there are no qualifying standards to meet, no fixed limits on the number of runners, and no time limit to finish the course (all runners receive an official time and certificate).

Over the past 34 years, more than 585,000 runners have started the Honolulu Marathon, with over 482,000 finishers, for a finishing rate of over 82%.

Winners

Although the difficulty of the course precludes world-record pace performances, winners of the Honolulu Marathon have used it as a stepping stone to greater achievements. For instance, three-time winner Ibrahim Hussein of Kenya later won the Boston Marathon
Boston Marathon
The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon hosted by the U.S. city of Boston, Massachusetts, on Patriots' Day, the third Monday of April. Begun in 1897 and inspired by the success of the first modern-day marathon competition in the 1896 Summer Olympics, the Boston Marathon is the world's oldest...

 three times; and 1993 winner Bong-Ju Lee won the silver medal in the 1996 Olympic Marathon in Atlanta.

Men

Year Athlete Country Time
1973 Duncan Macdonald  (Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

)
2:27:34
1974 Jeff Galloway
Jeff Galloway
Jeff Galloway is a former American Olympian and the author of Galloway's Book on Running....

 
(Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia is a state located in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. The state is named after King George II of Great Britain. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788...

)
2:23:02
1975 Jack Foster
Jack Foster
John Charles Foster was a former long-distance runner born in Liverpool, England. He represented New Zealand in the men's marathon at two Summer Olympics of Munich, West Germany and Montreal, Canada...

 
2:17:24
1976 Duncan Macdonald (Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

)
2:20:37
1977 Jeff Wells  (Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...

)
2:18:38
1978 Don Kardong
Don Kardong
Donald Franklin Kardong is a noted runner and author from the United States. He represented his native country in the men's marathon at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada....

 
(Washington) 2:17:05
1979 Dean Matthews  (South Carolina
South Carolina
South Carolina is a state in the Deep South of the United States that borders Georgia to the south, North Carolina to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence...

)
2:16:13
1980 Duncan Macdonald (California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

)
2:16:55
1981 Jon Anderson
Jon Anderson (athlete)
Jon Peter Anderson , a longtime Eugene, Oregon resident, is an editor, publisher, and runner best known for winning the 1973 Boston Marathon...

 
(Oregon
Oregon
Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located on the Pacific coast, with Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern...

)
2:16:54
1982 Dave Gordon  (Washington) 2:15:30
1983 Kevin Ryan
Kevin Ryan (athlete)
Kevin Barry Ryan is a retired male long-distance runner from New Zealand, who represented his native country in the men's marathon at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada...

 
2:20:19
1984 Jorge González  2:16:25
1985 Ibrahim Hussein  2:12:08
1986 Ibrahim Hussein 2:11:43
1987 Ibrahim Hussein 2:18:26
1988 Gianni Poli  2:12:47
1989 Simon Robert Naali
Simon Robert Naali
Simon Robert Naali was a Tanzanian marathon runner.He finished eleventh at the 1993 World Championships in 2:19:30 hours. In addition he won the bronze medal at the 1990 Commonwealth Games. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where he didn't finish the race...

 
2:11:47
1990 Simon Robert Naali 2:17:29
1991 Benson Masya
Benson Masya
Benson Masya was a Kenyan long-distance runner and marathon specialist, who competed in the late 1980s and 1990s. He participated at the inaugural IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 1992 and finished in first place....

 
2:18:24
1992 Benson Masya 2:14:19
1993 Lee Bong-Ju
Lee Bong-Ju
Lee Bong-Ju is a South Korean marathoner.He won the silver medal in the marathon at the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta, United States...

 
2:13:16
1994 Benson Masya 2:15:04
1995 Josia Thugwane
Josia Thugwane
Josia Thugwane is a South African athlete, best known for winning the gold medal in the marathon race at the 1996 Summer Olympics...

 
2:16:08
1996 Erick Kimaiyo  2:13:23
1997 Erick Kimaiyo 2:12:17
1998 Mbarak Kipkorir Hussein  2:14:53
1999 Jimmy Muindi
Jimmy Muindi
Jimmy Mwangangi Muindi is a runner from Kenya, who specialises in marathons.Muindi started his marathon career by finishing 2nd at the Honolulu Marathon in 1997. Since then he's been a perennial competitor at the Honolulu Marathon and has won it a record six times...

 
2:16:45
2000 Jimmy Muindi 2:15:19
2001 Mbarak Kipkorir Hussein 2:15:09
2002 Mbarak Kipkorir Hussein 2:12:29
2003 Jimmy Muindi 2:12:59
2004 Jimmy Muindi 2:11:12 (race record)
2005 Jimmy Muindi 2:12:00
2006 Ambesse Tolosa
Ambesse Tolosa
Ambesse Tolosa is an Ethiopian long-distance runner, who specializes in the marathon race.Tolosa tested positive for banned substances in February 2008 and received a two-year ban from competitive athletics...

 
2:13:42
2007 Jimmy Muindi 2:18:53
2008 Patrick Ivuti
Patrick Ivuti
Patrick Ivuti is a Kenyan long distance athlete who currently resides in Nairobi, Kenya. He won the Chicago Marathon held on October 7, 2007 with a time of 2:11:11. The race was a photo finish culmination of a shoulder to shoulder final 300 meter stretch run with Jaouad Gharib down Columbus Drive...

 
2:14:35
2009 Patrick Ivuti 2:12:14
2010 Nicholas Chelimo
Nicholas Chelimo
Nicholas Chelimo Kipkorir is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in road running, including the marathon. He has a personal best of 2:07:38, set at the Eindhoven Marathon in 2010, and took his first win at the 2010 Nagano Marathon.-Career:He made his debut over the distance at the...

 
2:15:18

Women

Year Athlete Country Time
1973 June Chun  (Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

)
3:25:31
1974 Cindy Dalrymple  (Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

)
3:01:59
1975 Jacqueline Hansen
Jacqueline Hansen
Jacqueline Hansen is a former long-distance runner from the United States who is recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations as having set a world best in the marathon on two different occasions.Hansen set a world best mark on December 1, 1974 with a 2:43:55 performance...

 
(California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

)
2:49:24
1976 Kim Merritt
Kim Merritt
Kim Merritt is a former American long-distance runner who competed in the marathon. Her career coincided with the development of women's running in the United States and she was at the forefront of distance running in the mid-1970s.She won the 1975 New York City Marathon and in 1976 she took the...

 
(Wisconsin
Wisconsin
Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States and is part of the Midwest. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin's capital is...

)
2:44:44
1977 Cindy Dalrymple (Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...

)
2:48:08
1978 Patti Lyons  (Massachusetts
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...

)
2:43:10
1979 Patti Lyons (Massachusetts
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...

)
2:40:07
1980 Patti Lyons Catalano (Massachusetts
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...

)
2:35:26
1981 Patti Lyons Catalano (Massachusetts
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...

)
2:33:24
1982 Eileen Claugus  (California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

)
2:41:11
1983 Annick Loir-Lebreton  2:41:25
1984 Patti Gray  (California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

)
2:42:50
1985 Carla Beurskens
Carla Beurskens
Carolina Alwina Hubertina Beurskens was one of Holland's most prominent female long distance runners from the second half of 1970s until far into 1990s, including all distances from 3000 metres until the marathon...

 
2:35:51
1986 Carla Beurskens
Carla Beurskens
Carolina Alwina Hubertina Beurskens was one of Holland's most prominent female long distance runners from the second half of 1970s until far into 1990s, including all distances from 3000 metres until the marathon...

 
2:31:01
1987 Carla Beurskens
Carla Beurskens
Carolina Alwina Hubertina Beurskens was one of Holland's most prominent female long distance runners from the second half of 1970s until far into 1990s, including all distances from 3000 metres until the marathon...

 
2:35:11
1988 Cyndie Welte  (Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...

)
2:41:52
1989 Carla Beurskens
Carla Beurskens
Carolina Alwina Hubertina Beurskens was one of Holland's most prominent female long distance runners from the second half of 1970s until far into 1990s, including all distances from 3000 metres until the marathon...

 
2:31:50
1990 Carla Beurskens
Carla Beurskens
Carolina Alwina Hubertina Beurskens was one of Holland's most prominent female long distance runners from the second half of 1970s until far into 1990s, including all distances from 3000 metres until the marathon...

 
2:33:34
1991 Ritva Lemettinen  2:40:11
1992 Carla Beurskens
Carla Beurskens
Carolina Alwina Hubertina Beurskens was one of Holland's most prominent female long distance runners from the second half of 1970s until far into 1990s, including all distances from 3000 metres until the marathon...

 
2:32:13
1993 Carla Beurskens
Carla Beurskens
Carolina Alwina Hubertina Beurskens was one of Holland's most prominent female long distance runners from the second half of 1970s until far into 1990s, including all distances from 3000 metres until the marathon...

 
2:32:20
1994 Carla Beurskens
Carla Beurskens
Carolina Alwina Hubertina Beurskens was one of Holland's most prominent female long distance runners from the second half of 1970s until far into 1990s, including all distances from 3000 metres until the marathon...

 
2:37:06
1995 Colleen De Reuck
Colleen De Reuck
Colleen S. De Reuck is a long-distance runner from South Africa, who became an American citizen on December 11, 2000...

 
2:37:29
1996 Ramilya Burangulova
Ramilya Burangulova
Ramilya Munavarovna Burangulova is a Russian marathon runner. She was born in Kandry-Kutuy, Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.-Achievements:*All results regarding marathon, unless stated otherwise-Personal bests:...

 
2:34:28
1997 Svetlana Zakharova
Svetlana Zakharova (athlete)
Svetlana Vladimirovna Zakharova , is a Russian long-distance runner, who specializes in marathon races. She won several international marathons, such as: the Honolulu Marathon , the Chicago Marathon and the Boston Marathon...

 
2:33:14
1998 Irina Bogachova
Irina Bogachova
Irina Bogachova is a former long-distance runner from Kyrgyzstan, who competed in the women's marathon at three consecutive Summer Olympics: 1996, 2000 and 2004...

 
2:33:27
1999 Irina Bogachova 2:32:36
2000 Lyubov Morgunova
Lyubov Morgunova
Lyubov Morgunova is a long-distance runner from Russia. She represented her native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, finishing in 23rd place. Morgunova set her personal best in the same year, clocking 2:26:33.-Achievements:...

 
2:28:33
2001 Lyubov Morgunova 2:29:54
2002 Svetlana Zakharova
Svetlana Zakharova (athlete)
Svetlana Vladimirovna Zakharova , is a Russian long-distance runner, who specializes in marathon races. She won several international marathons, such as: the Honolulu Marathon , the Chicago Marathon and the Boston Marathon...

 
2:29:08
2003 Eri Hayakawa  2:31:56
2004 Lyubov Morgunova 2:27:33
2005 Olesya Nurgalieva  2:30:24
2006 Lyubov Denisova
Lyubov Denisova
Lyubov Denisova is a Russian marathon runner that tested positive for an elevated testosterone-to-epitestosterone ratio — the same finding that derailed 2006 Tour de France champion Floyd Landis....

 
2:27:19
2007 Alevtina Biktimirova
Alevtina Biktimirova
Alevtina Biktimirova is a Russian long-distance runner, who specialises in the marathon.Alevtina placed first in the women's division in the Eurocity Frankfurt Marathon in October 2005. She finished sixth in the 2006 Boston Marathon and was the youngest person in the elite field...

 
2:33:07
2008 Kiyoko Shimahara
Kiyoko Shimahara
is a Japanese long-distance runner who competes in marathon races. Her personal best time is 2:25:10 hours, achieved in August 2009 in Sapporo. She is a member of the Second Wind running club in Japan...

 
2:32:36
2009 Svetlana Zakharova
Svetlana Zakharova (athlete)
Svetlana Vladimirovna Zakharova , is a Russian long-distance runner, who specializes in marathon races. She won several international marathons, such as: the Honolulu Marathon , the Chicago Marathon and the Boston Marathon...

 
2:28:34
2010 Belainesh Gebre  2:32:13

2007 winner disqualified

Ethiopian Ambesse Tolossa was disqualified as the men's champion because the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency found he had a banned substance in his system.

Timing problems in 2007

In 2007 the Marathon organizers switched from the ChampionChip
ChampionChip
ChampionChips are a brand name of one type of passive RFID transponders, marked with a unique identification number, used in active sports events, to keep track of the competition times of participants. It is one manufacturer's implementation of transponder timing.ChampionChip transponders are...

timing system they had used since 2000 to a new system from SAI which utilized a smaller, lighter, chip implanted in a strip of paper. For a myriad of reasons that are not yet entirely clear (heavy rains, improper usage, failed generators) the timing devices apparently failed to accurately record the start, split and finish times of all 24,300 participants, forcing race officials to manually review finish line video tape of all 24,000+ runners in order to confirm their correct finishing times.

External links

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