Hooked squid
Encyclopedia
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Onychoteuthidae (Hooked squid) currently comprises approximately 20–25 species (several known from only single life stages and thus unconfirmed), in 6 or 7 genera
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
. They range in mature mantle
Mantle (mollusc)
The mantle is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself.In many, but by no means all, species of molluscs, the epidermis of the mantle secretes...
length from 7 cm to a suggested length of 2 m for the largest member, the Robust Clubhook Squid
Robust Clubhook Squid
The Robust Clubhook Squid , often cited by the older name Moroteuthis robusta, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the third largest species of squid after the Colossal Squid and giant squid; and largest of the genus Onykia, reaching a mantle length of . The tentacular clubs...
(Onykia robusta). The family is characterised by the presence of hooks only on the tentacular clubs, simple straight mantle-funnel-locking apparatus, and a 'step' inside the jaw angle of the lower beak. With the exception of the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
, the family is found worldwide.
Species
- Genus OnychoteuthisOnychoteuthisOnychoteuthis is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is the Common Clubhook Squid...
Lichtenstein, 1818- Onychoteuthis banksii, Common Clubhook SquidCommon Clubhook SquidThe Common Clubhook Squid is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the type species of the genus Onychoteuthis.-References:...
(Leach, 1817) - Onychoteuthis bergii* Lichtenstein, 1818
- Onychoteuthis mollis* Appelloef, 1891
- Onychoteuthis compactaOnychoteuthis compactaOnychoteuthis compacta is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae, known to occur in Hawaiian waters. The species is known to have a mantle length of at least 122 mm for females and 127 mm for males. Each tentacle has 22 club hooks, measuring approximately 30 mm in mature...
Berry, 1913 - Onychoteuthis borealijaponica, Boreal Clubhook SquidBoreal Clubhook SquidThe Boreal Clubhook Squid is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the largest member of the genus Onychoteuthis, reaching a mantle length of 30 cm in males and 37 cm in females. Maturity is reached at 250 mm for males, and 300-350 mm in females. There are 24-27 hooks on each club...
Okada, 1927 - Onychoteuthis meridiopacificaOnychoteuthis meridiopacificaOnychoteuthis meridiopacifica is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. Males become mature at 40 mm, and the species is believed to reach a maximum mantle length of 90 mm. The tantacular club reaches a length of 20-25% of the mantle length, and contains 16-19 club hooks. Arms...
Rancurel & Okutani, 1990 - Onychoteuthis lacrima Bolstad & Seki in Bolstad, 2008
- Onychoteuthis prolata Bolstad, Vecchione & Young in Bolstad, 2008
- Onychoteuthis horstkottei Bolstad, 2010
- Onychoteuthis banksii, Common Clubhook Squid
- Genus OnykiaOnykiaOnykia is a genus of squids in the family Onychoteuthidae. Due to similarities between the genera, several recent authors consider the genus Moroteuthis a junior synonym of Onykia. The type species is the Tropical Clubhook Squid ....
Lesueur, 1821 (includes most species previously placed in Moroteuthis)- Subgenus Onykia
- Onykia carriboea, Tropical Clubhook SquidTropical Clubhook SquidThe Tropical Clubhook Squid is a squid in the family Onychoteuthidae, the type species of the genus Onykia. It is known with certainty only from immature specimens. The type locality of O. carriboea is the Gulf of Mexico...
Lesueur, 1821 - Onykia robusta, Robust Clubhook SquidRobust Clubhook SquidThe Robust Clubhook Squid , often cited by the older name Moroteuthis robusta, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the third largest species of squid after the Colossal Squid and giant squid; and largest of the genus Onykia, reaching a mantle length of . The tentacular clubs...
(Verrill, 1876) - Onykia loennbergii, Japanese Hooked SquidJapanese Hooked SquidThe Japanese Hooked Squid is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae, named for Swedish zoologist Einar Lönnberg. It occurs in the Western Pacific Ocean, at an estimated depth of 230–1200 m. The mantle length is approximately 300 mm. Each tentacular club contains 25 hooks...
Ishikawa & Wakiya, 1914 - Onykia aequatorialis* Thiele, 1920
- Onykia robsoni, Rugose Hooked SquidRugose Hooked SquidThe Rugose Hooked Squid is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It occurs in the Antarctic Ocean, at an estimated depth of 250–550 meters. The mantle of this species grows to a length of 75 cm...
(Adam, 1962) - Onykia indica* Okutani, 1981
- Onykia carriboea, Tropical Clubhook Squid
- Subgenus Moroteuthopsis
- Onykia ingens, Greater Hooked SquidGreater Hooked SquidThe Greater Hooked Squid is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It occurs worldwide in subantartic oceans.Although O...
(Smith, 1881)
- Onykia ingens, Greater Hooked Squid
- incertae sedisIncertae sedis, is a term used to define a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is attributed by , , and similar terms.-Examples:*The fossil plant Paradinandra suecica could not be assigned to any...
- ?Onykia appelloefiOnykia appelloefiOnykia appelloefi is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean.-External links:*...
* Pfeffer, 1900
- ?Onykia appelloefi
- Subgenus Onykia
- Genus Ancistroteuthis Gray, 1849
- Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii, Angel Clubhook SquidAngel Clubhook SquidThe Angel Clubhook Squid , or simply Angel Squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It grows to a mantle length of 30 cm.-References:...
or Angel Squid (Ferussac, 1835)
- Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii, Angel Clubhook Squid
- Genus KondakoviaKondakoviaKondakovia is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is Kondakovia longimana.-External links:**Laptikhovsky, V.; Arkhipkin, A.; Bolstad, K.S. 2008....
Filippova, 1972- Kondakovia longimanaKondakovia longimanaKondakovia longimana, also known as the Giant Warty Squid or Longarm Octopus Squid, is a large species of hooked squid. It attains a mantle length of at least 85 cm and probably over 1.15 m. The largest complete specimen of this species, measuring 2.3 m in total length, was found in Antarctica in...
Filippova, 1972 - Kondakovia nigmatullini Laptikhovsky, Arkhipkin & Bolstad, 2008
- Kondakovia longimana
- Genus NotonykiaNotonykiaNotonykia is a genus of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. The type species is Notonykia africanae.-External links:...
Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998- Notonykia africanaeNotonykia africanaeNotonykia africanae is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the type species of the genus Notonykia. While the mature size of the species is unknown, it is known to reach a mantle length of at least 177 mm. Tentacles reach approximately 70% of the mantle length, and contain 14-20...
Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998 - Notonykia nesisiNotonykia nesisiNotonykia nesisi is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is differentiated from Notonykia africanae by the shape of the tentacles. While the species is only known from immature specimens, it is known to achieve a mantle length of at least 100 mm. The tentacles are about 65-115% of...
Bolstad, 2007
- Notonykia africanae
- Genus Filippovia Bolstad, 2010
- Filippovia knipovitchi, Smooth Hooked SquidSmooth Hooked SquidThe Smooth Hooked Squid is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae and the sole member of the genus Filippovia. It is found in the Antarctic and Atlantic Oceans, and reaches a mantle length of 35 cm.-References:...
(Filippova, 1972)
- Filippovia knipovitchi, Smooth Hooked Squid
- Genus Callimachus Bolstad, 2010
- Callimachus rancureli (Okutani, 1981)
- Callimachus youngorum Bolstad, 2010
(*) indicates taxa requiring further taxonomic investigation
External links
- Onychoteuthidae discussion forum at TONMO.com
- Laptikhovsky, V.; Arkhipkin, A.; Bolstad, K.S. 2008. A second species of the squid genus Kondakovia (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) from the sub-Antarctic.