Hopi Reservation
Encyclopedia
The Hopi Reservation, or simply Hopi, is a Native American
reservation
for the Hopi
and Arizona Tewa
people, surrounded entirely by the Navajo Nation
, in Navajo
and Coconino
counties of Arizona
, USA. The site in north-eastern Arizona has a land area of 2,531.773 sq mi (6,557.262 km²) and as of the 2000 census
had a population of 6,946. The Hopi Reservation, like most of Arizona
but unlike the surrounding Navajo Nation
, does not observe Daylight Saving Time
. Until recently, the two nations shared the Navajo-Hopi Joint Use Area. The partition of this area, commonly known as Big Mountain, by Acts of Congress in 1974 and 1996, has resulted in continuing controversy.http://www.aics.org/BM/bm.html http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/az/navhopi.html http://www.nau.edu/~hcpo-p/current/Chronology.html
The system of villages is based around three mesa
s in the pueblo
style, which has been traditionally used by the Hopi. Walpi
is the oldest village on First Mesa, having been established in 1690 after the villages at the foot of mesa Koechaptevela were abandoned for fear of Spanish
reprisal post 1680 Pueblo Revolt
. The Tewa people live on First Mesa. Hopi also occupy the Second Mesa and Third Mesa. The community of Winslow West
is off-reservation trust land of the Hopi tribe.
The Hopi Tribal Council is the local governing body consisting of elected officials from the various reservation villages. Its powers were given to it under the Hopi Tribal Constitution.
The Hopi consider their life on the reservation (in particular the traditional clan
residence, the spiritual life of the kiva
s on the mesa, and their dependence on corn
) an integral and critically sustaining part of the "fourth world." This is the current cultural epoch in which all people of the world now live.
Hopi High School is the secondary education institute for reservation residents. Hopi Radio, a station with a mix of traditional Hopi and typical American programming is run for the reservation and provides internships for Hopi High School.
Traditional Villages
First Mesa
Second Mesa
Third Mesa
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. They are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as...
reservation
Indian reservation
An American Indian reservation is an area of land managed by a Native American tribe under the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau of Indian Affairs...
for the Hopi
Hopi
The Hopi are a federally recognized tribe of indigenous Native American people, who primarily live on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. The Hopi area according to the 2000 census has a population of 6,946 people. Their Hopi language is one of the 30 of the Uto-Aztecan language...
and Arizona Tewa
Arizona Tewa
The Arizona Tewa are a Tewa Pueblo group that resides on the eastern part of the Hopi Reservation on or near First Mesa in northeastern Arizona.-Synonymy:...
people, surrounded entirely by the Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
The Navajo Nation is a semi-autonomous Native American-governed territory covering , occupying all of northeastern Arizona, the southeastern portion of Utah, and northwestern New Mexico...
, in Navajo
Navajo County, Arizona
-2010:Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:*49.3% White*0.9% Black*43.4% Native American*0.5% Asian*0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander*2.5% Two or more races*3.3% Other races*10.8% Hispanic or Latino -2000:...
and Coconino
Coconino County, Arizona
-2010:Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:*61.7% White*1.2% Black*27.3% Native American*1.4% Asian*0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander*3.1% Two or more races*5.2% Other races*13.5% Hispanic or Latino -2000:...
counties of Arizona
Arizona
Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...
, USA. The site in north-eastern Arizona has a land area of 2,531.773 sq mi (6,557.262 km²) and as of the 2000 census
United States Census, 2000
The Twenty-second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2% over the 248,709,873 persons enumerated during the 1990 Census...
had a population of 6,946. The Hopi Reservation, like most of Arizona
Arizona
Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...
but unlike the surrounding Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
The Navajo Nation is a semi-autonomous Native American-governed territory covering , occupying all of northeastern Arizona, the southeastern portion of Utah, and northwestern New Mexico...
, does not observe Daylight Saving Time
Daylight saving time
Daylight saving time —also summer time in several countries including in British English and European official terminology —is the practice of temporarily advancing clocks during the summertime so that afternoons have more daylight and mornings have less...
. Until recently, the two nations shared the Navajo-Hopi Joint Use Area. The partition of this area, commonly known as Big Mountain, by Acts of Congress in 1974 and 1996, has resulted in continuing controversy.http://www.aics.org/BM/bm.html http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/az/navhopi.html http://www.nau.edu/~hcpo-p/current/Chronology.html
The system of villages is based around three mesa
Mesa
A mesa or table mountain is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape....
s in the pueblo
Pueblo people
The Pueblo people are a Native American people in the Southwestern United States. Their traditional economy is based on agriculture and trade. When first encountered by the Spanish in the 16th century, they were living in villages that the Spanish called pueblos, meaning "towns". Of the 21...
style, which has been traditionally used by the Hopi. Walpi
Walpi
Walpi is a village in Navajo County, Arizona, north east of Flagstaff. It is on First Mesa in the Hopi Reservation. It is inhabited mainly by the Hopi-speaking Pueblo , several of whom live without running water or electricity. Walpi is one of the oldest continuously inhabited villages in the...
is the oldest village on First Mesa, having been established in 1690 after the villages at the foot of mesa Koechaptevela were abandoned for fear of Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
reprisal post 1680 Pueblo Revolt
Pueblo Revolt
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, or Popé's Rebellion, was an uprising of several pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.-Background:...
. The Tewa people live on First Mesa. Hopi also occupy the Second Mesa and Third Mesa. The community of Winslow West
Winslow West, Arizona
Winslow West is a census-designated place in Coconino and Navajo counties in the U.S. state of Arizona. The population was 131 at the 2000 census. The entire community is off-reservation trust land belonging to the Hopi tribe...
is off-reservation trust land of the Hopi tribe.
The Hopi Tribal Council is the local governing body consisting of elected officials from the various reservation villages. Its powers were given to it under the Hopi Tribal Constitution.
The Hopi consider their life on the reservation (in particular the traditional clan
Clan
A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent. Even if lineage details are unknown, clan members may be organized around a founding member or apical ancestor. The kinship-based bonds may be symbolical, whereby the clan shares a "stipulated" common ancestor that is a...
residence, the spiritual life of the kiva
Kiva
A kiva is a room used by modern Puebloans for religious rituals, many of them associated with the kachina belief system. Among the modern Hopi and most other Pueblo peoples, kivas are square-walled and underground, and are used for spiritual ceremonies....
s on the mesa, and their dependence on corn
Maize
Maize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
) an integral and critically sustaining part of the "fourth world." This is the current cultural epoch in which all people of the world now live.
Hopi High School is the secondary education institute for reservation residents. Hopi Radio, a station with a mix of traditional Hopi and typical American programming is run for the reservation and provides internships for Hopi High School.
Communities
- Keams CanyonKeams Canyon, ArizonaKeams Canyon is a census-designated place in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. The population was 260 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Keams Canyon is located at ....
- Lower and Upper Moenkopi
- PolaccaPolacca, ArizonaPolacca is an unincorporated community in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. Polacca is located along Arizona State Route 264 northeast of Second Mesa. Polacca has a post office with ZIP code 86042. The community is named for Tewa Indian Tom Polacca....
- Winslow WestWinslow West, ArizonaWinslow West is a census-designated place in Coconino and Navajo counties in the U.S. state of Arizona. The population was 131 at the 2000 census. The entire community is off-reservation trust land belonging to the Hopi tribe...
- Yuh Weh Loo Pah Ki (Spider Mound)
Traditional Villages
First Mesa
First Mesa, Arizona
First Mesa is a census-designated place in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, on the Hopi Reservation. As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was 1,124, spread among three Hopi and Arizona Tewa villages atop the 5,700-foot mesa: Hano , Sitsomovi , and Waalpi .-Geography:First Mesa...
- Waalpi (Walpi)WalpiWalpi is a village in Navajo County, Arizona, north east of Flagstaff. It is on First Mesa in the Hopi Reservation. It is inhabited mainly by the Hopi-speaking Pueblo , several of whom live without running water or electricity. Walpi is one of the oldest continuously inhabited villages in the...
- Hanoki (Hano or Tewa)
- Sitsomovi (Sichomovi)
Second Mesa
Second Mesa, Arizona
Second Mesa is a census-designated place in Navajo County, Arizona on the Hopi Reservation. As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was 814, spread among three Hopi Indian villages atop the 5,700-foot mesa: Musungnuvi , Supawlavi , and Songoopavi...
- Songoopavi (Shongopavi)Shongopovi, ArizonaShongopovi is a census-designated place in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. The population was 632 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Shongopovi is located at ....
- Musungnuvi (Mishongnovi)
- Supawlavi (Shipaulovi)
Third Mesa
- Hoatvela (Hotevilla)Hotevilla-Bacavi, ArizonaHotevilla-Bacavi is a census-designated place in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, on the Hopi Reservation...
- Paaqavi (Bacavi)Hotevilla-Bacavi, ArizonaHotevilla-Bacavi is a census-designated place in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, on the Hopi Reservation...
- Munqapi (Moencopi)Moenkopi, ArizonaMoenkopi is a census-designated place in Coconino County, Arizona, United States, adjacent to the southeast side of Tuba City off U.S. Route 160. The population was 901 at the 2000 census....
- Kiqotsmovi (Kykotsmovi)Kykotsmovi Village, ArizonaKykotsmovi Village is a census-designated place in Navajo County, Arizona, and the home of the Hopi tribal government...
- Orayvi (Oraibi)OraibiOraibi, also referred to as Old Oraibi, is a Hopi village in Navajo County, Arizona, United States, in the northeastern part of the state. Known as Orayvi by the native inhabitants, it is located on Third Mesa on the Hopi Reservation near Kykotsmovi Village...