Hor
Encyclopedia
Hor was an Egypt
ian king
of the 13th Dynasty
. He appears in the Turin King List
as Au-ib-Rê. He most likely reigned only for a short time, not long enough to prepare a pyramid, which was in this dynasty still the common burial place for kings.
Hor is mainly known from his burial in a shaft tomb
found at Dahshur
next to the pyramid of king Amenemhat III
. The tomb was found essentially intact and still contained the partly gilded wooden coffin
of the king, a naos with a statue
, some jewelry, the canopic box with canopic vessels
, two inscribed stelae and several other objects.
Next to the burial of the king was found the undisturbed tomb of the 'king's daughter' Nubhetepti-khered
. She was likely a daughter of King Hor or otherwise a daughter of Amenemhat III.
As far as is known, Pharaoh Hor seems to have been an ephemeral ruler, not least because his reign seems to have been notably short. He nevertheless bequeathed to posterity one of the most frequently reproduced examples of Ancient Egyptian art: the photo shows the well-known wooden statue now in the Cairo Museum (CG259).. This is one of the best-preserved and most accomplished wooden statues to survive from antiquity, and illustrates an artistic genre that must once have been common in Egyptian art, but has rarely survived in such good condition. Hor is believed to have had a reign of only seven months around the year 1760 BC. This short period corresponds very well to the archaeological remains, since he will not have had time to commission a substantial tomb.
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
ian king
King
- Centers of population :* King, Ontario, CanadaIn USA:* King, Indiana* King, North Carolina* King, Lincoln County, Wisconsin* King, Waupaca County, Wisconsin* King County, Washington- Moving-image works :Television:...
of the 13th Dynasty
Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt
The thirteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt is often combined with Dynasties XI, XII and XIV under the group title Middle Kingdom. Other writers separate it from these dynasties and join it to Dynasties XIV through XVII as part of the Second Intermediate Period...
. He appears in the Turin King List
Turin King List
The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is a hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Ramesses II, now in the Museo Egizio at Turin...
as Au-ib-Rê. He most likely reigned only for a short time, not long enough to prepare a pyramid, which was in this dynasty still the common burial place for kings.
Burial
Tomb
A tomb is a repository for the remains of the dead. It is generally any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber, of varying sizes...
found at Dahshur
Dahshur
Dahshur , is a royal necropolis located in the desert on the west bank of the Nile approximately 40 kilometres south of Cairo...
next to the pyramid of king Amenemhat III
Amenemhat III
Amenemhat III, also spelled Amenemhet III was a pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. He ruled from c.1860 BC to c.1814 BC, the latest known date being found in a papyrus dated to Regnal Year 46, I Akhet 22 of his rule. He is regarded as the greatest monarch of the Middle Kingdom...
. The tomb was found essentially intact and still contained the partly gilded wooden coffin
Coffin
A coffin is a funerary box used in the display and containment of dead people – either for burial or cremation.Contemporary North American English makes a distinction between "coffin", which is generally understood to denote a funerary box having six sides in plan view, and "casket", which...
of the king, a naos with a statue
Statue
A statue is a sculpture in the round representing a person or persons, an animal, an idea or an event, normally full-length, as opposed to a bust, and at least close to life-size, or larger...
, some jewelry, the canopic box with canopic vessels
Canopic jar
Canopic jars were used by the Ancient Egyptians during the mummification process to store and preserve the viscera of their owner for the afterlife. They were commonly either carved from limestone or were made of pottery...
, two inscribed stelae and several other objects.
Next to the burial of the king was found the undisturbed tomb of the 'king's daughter' Nubhetepti-khered
Nubhetepti-khered
Nubhetepti-khered was an Ancient Egyptian king's daughter of the Thirteenth Dynasty. She is basically only known from her undisturbed burial at Dahshur, close to the pyramid of Amenemhet III....
. She was likely a daughter of King Hor or otherwise a daughter of Amenemhat III.
As far as is known, Pharaoh Hor seems to have been an ephemeral ruler, not least because his reign seems to have been notably short. He nevertheless bequeathed to posterity one of the most frequently reproduced examples of Ancient Egyptian art: the photo shows the well-known wooden statue now in the Cairo Museum (CG259).. This is one of the best-preserved and most accomplished wooden statues to survive from antiquity, and illustrates an artistic genre that must once have been common in Egyptian art, but has rarely survived in such good condition. Hor is believed to have had a reign of only seven months around the year 1760 BC. This short period corresponds very well to the archaeological remains, since he will not have had time to commission a substantial tomb.