Horacio Guzmán
Encyclopedia
Horacio Guzmán was an Argentine lawyer and politician who served as Governor of Jujuy Province
from 1958 to 1962, and from 1963 to 1964.
to Margarita Ocampo and Stanislaus Flavio Guzmán, in 1913. He enrolled at the National University of Córdoba
, and earned a juris doctor
in 1939. He joined the centrist Radical Civic Union
(UCR), which at the time struggled under the system of "patriotic fraud
" that kept the conservative Concordance government in power, as a member of their youth chapter, and in 1940, was elected to the Provincial Legislature.
Following the 1955 overthrow
of populist President Juan Perón
, Guzmán was named Director of the Provincial Social Security Fund, and he became head of the Jujuy UCR. The schism in the UCR following its 1956 convention led Guzmán to join the more progressive, UCRI
, however, which defeated the rival UCRP in the February 1958 general election
. Guzmán ran for and won the governor's post in Jujuy by a wide margin, and he promptly adopted the developmentalist
policies advanced by the UCRI standard-bearer, President-elect Arturo Frondizi
.
His administration initiated a number of significant public works
in Jujuy, long among Argentina's least-developed provinces. Some of the most important include the El Cadillal International Airport
, a comprehensive housing plan, numerous clinics, the Children's and Neuropsychiatric Hospitals, provincial roads network, the International Bridge between La Quiaca
and Villazón
(Bolivia
), new courts and provincial legislature buildings, the La Quiaca Normal School
, pension
s for teachers, and the province's first school of higher learning, the Institute of Economic Sciences (which became the National University of Jujuy
in 1973).
Guzmán also created incentives for the establishment of private industries, and a number of paper mill
s opened in the province, including one converting sugar cane fibers
into pulp
; this, in turn, prompted the Ledesma sugar mills (among the most important in Argentina) to modernize their facilities. His policies, as well as his support for the refurbishment of numerous decaying churches in the mountainous province, earned him the appointment in 1960 as Knight Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great
by Pope John XXIII. Later that year, he also received the Bolivian Order of the Condor of the Andes
for his efforts to improve ties with Argentina's northern neighbor.
National politics prevailed, however, when the March 29, 1962, overthrow of President Frondizi led to Guzmán's own removal. He was returned to office by voters in the July 1963 elections
; but his second tenure was fraught with political disputes. The legislature, to which a Workers' Party majority was elected with Peronist support, refused to certify Guzmán's victory, and the subsequent gridlock ultimately led President Arturo Illia's August 1964 order that Governor Guzmán be removed. Guzmán subsequently founded the Jujuy Popular Movement (MPJ), though he would not return to office until January 1982, when the dictatorship of General Leopoldo Galtieri
appointed him governor.
He resigned that October, and was elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies
in 1985. Guzmán was given a United Nations Medal
for Political Merit in April 1986. He again resigned, in 1987, and ran for the office of Mayor of San Salvador de Jujuy
, a post he won.
Dr. Horacio Guzmán died on August 11, 1992. His daughter, Dr. Cristina Guzmán, served in Congress for the MPJ from 1983 to 1999, and a granddaughter, Monica Arancio, was elected the first female Senator from Jujuy, in 2001.
Jujuy Province
Jujuy is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta to the east and south.-History:...
from 1958 to 1962, and from 1963 to 1964.
Life and times
Horacio Gregorio Guzmán was born in the city of San Salvador de JujuySan Salvador de Jujuy
San Salvador de Jujuy , commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital city of Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina. It lies near the southern end of the Humahuaca Canyon where wooded hills meet the lowlands....
to Margarita Ocampo and Stanislaus Flavio Guzmán, in 1913. He enrolled at the National University of Córdoba
National University of Córdoba
The National University of Córdoba, , is the oldest university in Argentina, and one of the oldest in the Americas. It is located in Córdoba, the capital of Córdoba Province. Since the early 20th century it has been the second largest university in the country in terms of the number of students,...
, and earned a juris doctor
Juris Doctor
Juris Doctor is a professional doctorate and first professional graduate degree in law.The degree was first awarded by Harvard University in the United States in the late 19th century and was created as a modern version of the old European doctor of law degree Juris Doctor (see etymology and...
in 1939. He joined the centrist Radical Civic Union
Radical Civic Union
The Radical Civic Union is a political party in Argentina. The party's positions on issues range from liberal to social democratic. The UCR is a member of the Socialist International. Founded in 1891 by radical liberals, it is the oldest political party active in Argentina...
(UCR), which at the time struggled under the system of "patriotic fraud
Infamous Decade
The Infamous Decade in Argentina is the name given to the period of time that started in 1930 with the coup d'état against President Hipólito Yrigoyen by José Félix Uriburu...
" that kept the conservative Concordance government in power, as a member of their youth chapter, and in 1940, was elected to the Provincial Legislature.
Following the 1955 overthrow
Revolución Libertadora
The Revolución Libertadora was a military uprising that ended the second presidential term of Juan Perón in Argentina, on September 16, 1955.-History:...
of populist President Juan Perón
Juan Perón
Juan Domingo Perón was an Argentine military officer, and politician. Perón was three times elected as President of Argentina though he only managed to serve one full term, after serving in several government positions, including the Secretary of Labor and the Vice Presidency...
, Guzmán was named Director of the Provincial Social Security Fund, and he became head of the Jujuy UCR. The schism in the UCR following its 1956 convention led Guzmán to join the more progressive, UCRI
Intransigent Radical Civic Union
The Intransigent Radical Civic Union or UCRI is a defunct political party of Argentina.The UCRI developed from the centrist Radical Civic Union in 1956, following a split at the party's convention in Tucumán...
, however, which defeated the rival UCRP in the February 1958 general election
Argentine general election, 1958
The Argentine general election of 1958 was held on 23 February. Voters chose both the President and their legislators and with a turnout of 90.9% , it produced the following results:-President:aAbstentions....
. Guzmán ran for and won the governor's post in Jujuy by a wide margin, and he promptly adopted the developmentalist
Developmentalism
Developmentalism is an economic theory which states that the best way for Third World countries to develop is through fostering a strong and varied internal market and to impose high tariffs on imported goods....
policies advanced by the UCRI standard-bearer, President-elect Arturo Frondizi
Arturo Frondizi
Arturo Frondizi Ercoli was the President of Argentina between May 1, 1958, and March 29, 1962, for the Intransigent Radical Civic Union.-Early life:Frondizi was born in Paso de los Libres, Corrientes Province...
.
His administration initiated a number of significant public works
Public works
Public works are a broad category of projects, financed and constructed by the government, for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community...
in Jujuy, long among Argentina's least-developed provinces. Some of the most important include the El Cadillal International Airport
Gobernador Horacio Guzmán International Airport
Gobernador Horacio Guzmán International Airport is an airport in Jujuy Province, Argentina serving the city of San Salvador de Jujuy.Inaugurated by Governor Darío Arias on April 19, 1967, it was originally named Aeropuerto El Cadillal. The airport was renamed in 1992 for Dr...
, a comprehensive housing plan, numerous clinics, the Children's and Neuropsychiatric Hospitals, provincial roads network, the International Bridge between La Quiaca
La Quiaca
La Quiaca is a small city in the north of the , on the southern bank of the La Quiaca River, opposite the town of Villazón, Bolivia. It lies at the end of National Route 9, from San Salvador de Jujuy , and at an altitude of above mean sea level.La Quiaca has 14,751 inhabitants as per the...
and Villazón
Villazón
Villazón is a town in southern Bolivia, on the border with Argentina. It sits directly across a river from La Quiaca in Argentina. The town is a busy trading hub, with large quantities of goods flowing north....
(Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
), new courts and provincial legislature buildings, the La Quiaca Normal School
Normal school
A normal school is a school created to train high school graduates to be teachers. Its purpose is to establish teaching standards or norms, hence its name...
, pension
Pension
In general, a pension is an arrangement to provide people with an income when they are no longer earning a regular income from employment. Pensions should not be confused with severance pay; the former is paid in regular installments, while the latter is paid in one lump sum.The terms retirement...
s for teachers, and the province's first school of higher learning, the Institute of Economic Sciences (which became the National University of Jujuy
National University of Jujuy
The National University of Jujuy is an Argentine national university, situated in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy, capital of Jujuy Province....
in 1973).
Guzmán also created incentives for the establishment of private industries, and a number of paper mill
Paper mill
A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier machine or other type of paper machine.- History :...
s opened in the province, including one converting sugar cane fibers
Bagasse
Bagasse is the fibrous matter that remains after sugarcane or sorghum stalks are crushed to extract their juice. It is currently used as a biofuel and as a renewable resource in the manufacture of pulp and paper products and building materials....
into pulp
Pulp (paper)
Pulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibres from wood, fibre crops or waste paper. Wood pulp is the most common raw material in papermaking.-History:...
; this, in turn, prompted the Ledesma sugar mills (among the most important in Argentina) to modernize their facilities. His policies, as well as his support for the refurbishment of numerous decaying churches in the mountainous province, earned him the appointment in 1960 as Knight Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great
Order of St. Gregory the Great
The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great , was established on September 1, 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI, seven months after his election.It is one of the five orders of knighthood of the Holy See...
by Pope John XXIII. Later that year, he also received the Bolivian Order of the Condor of the Andes
Order of the Condor of the Andes
The Order of the Condor of the Andes is a medal of the Bolivian government.Instituted on April 12, 1925, the Order is awarded for exceptional merit, either civil or military, shown by Bolivians or foreign nationals...
for his efforts to improve ties with Argentina's northern neighbor.
National politics prevailed, however, when the March 29, 1962, overthrow of President Frondizi led to Guzmán's own removal. He was returned to office by voters in the July 1963 elections
Argentine general election, 1963
The Argentine general election of 1963 was held on 7 July. Voters chose both the President and their legislators and with a turnout of 85.6%, it produced the following results:-President:aAbstentions.-Argentine Chamber of Deputies:...
; but his second tenure was fraught with political disputes. The legislature, to which a Workers' Party majority was elected with Peronist support, refused to certify Guzmán's victory, and the subsequent gridlock ultimately led President Arturo Illia's August 1964 order that Governor Guzmán be removed. Guzmán subsequently founded the Jujuy Popular Movement (MPJ), though he would not return to office until January 1982, when the dictatorship of General Leopoldo Galtieri
Leopoldo Galtieri
Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri Castelli was an Argentine general and President of Argentina from December 22, 1981 to June 18, 1982, during the last military dictatorship . The death squad Intelligence Battalion 601 directly reported to him...
appointed him governor.
He resigned that October, and was elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies
Argentine Chamber of Deputies
The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house of the Argentine National Congress. This Chamber holds exclusive rights to create taxes, to draft troops, and to accuse the President, the ministers and the members of the Supreme Court before the Senate....
in 1985. Guzmán was given a United Nations Medal
United Nations Medal
The term United Nations Medal refers to one of several international decorations which are issued by the United Nations to the various militaries of the world for participation in joint international military and police operations such as peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts, and disaster relief...
for Political Merit in April 1986. He again resigned, in 1987, and ran for the office of Mayor of San Salvador de Jujuy
San Salvador de Jujuy
San Salvador de Jujuy , commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital city of Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina. It lies near the southern end of the Humahuaca Canyon where wooded hills meet the lowlands....
, a post he won.
Dr. Horacio Guzmán died on August 11, 1992. His daughter, Dr. Cristina Guzmán, served in Congress for the MPJ from 1983 to 1999, and a granddaughter, Monica Arancio, was elected the first female Senator from Jujuy, in 2001.