San Salvador de Jujuy
Encyclopedia
San Salvador de Jujuy commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital city of Jujuy Province
in northwest
Argentina
. It lies near the southern end of the Humahuaca Canyon
where wooded hills meet the lowlands.
Its population, as of the , is 237,751 inhabitants. If its suburb
s are included, this figure rises to around 300,000. The current mayor is Raúl Jorge.
that connects La Quiaca
289 km (179.6 mi) with Salta
120 km (74.6 mi), and it is 1525 km (947.6 mi) from Buenos Aires
. Tourist destinations not far from the city are Tilcara
84 km (52.2 mi), Humahuaca
126 km (78.3 mi), and the Calilegua National Park
111 km (69 mi).
Jujuy is located near the Andes
, at the junction of the Xibi Xibi River and the Río Grande de Jujuy, 1238 meters above sea level. The weather is humid during the Summers and dry and cold during the winters. Temperatures vary widely between day and night times.
The city is the center of all the provincial government, financial and cultural centre. Most administrative offices related to economic activities that take place in other points of the province are located here; these activities include petroleum
extraction and pre-processing, sugarcane
and sugar industry (Ledesma), tobacco
(El Carmen, 10 km south), steel (in nearby Villa Palpalá
), citrus
, and fruits and vegetables for local consumption.
The city has a colonial city centre including the Cabildo, the Cathedral, and a specially colourful Andean carnivals. The population of the city, and of the province in general, has a much more aboriginal character than the in rest of the country, reflected in the predominant Quechua, Aymara and Chiriguano people and cultures.
The Gobernador Horacio Guzmán International Airport
at coordinates 24°24′00"S 65°05′00"W, is 33 km (20.5 mi) southeast of the city (in Ciudad Perico
) and has regular flights to Buenos Aires
.
, Bolivia
.
Reaching its peak importance during the colonial period, San Salvador de Jujuy declined to the status of a remote provincial capital after the Argentine Declaration of Independence
in 1816. The town became the capital of Jujuy Province when the latter separated from Salta Province
in 1834. The 1863 Jujuy earthquake
leveled the town, and it recovered slowly in the following decades. Jujuy began to grow following the arrival of the Northern Central Railway
in 1900. Its first institution of higher learning, the Economic Sciences Institute, was established in 1959, and was incorporated into the new National University of Jujuy
in 1973. The city was the location of a number of Argentine films, including Veronico Cruz
(1988) and Una estrella y dos cafés (2005). The city's impoverished Lower Azopardo neighborhood would later give rise to Milagro Sala
's Indigenist
Tupac Amaru Neighborhood Association.
(Cwa, according to the Köppen climate classification
), mainly because of the altitude. Summers bring warm days at 28ºC (82F) and pleasant, nice nights at 16ºC (61F) with frequent thunderstorms. The rest of the year is sunny, with delightful falls at about 24ºC (75F) during the day and 11ºC (52F) at night, crisp, dry winters with warms days of 19ºC (66F) and cold nights at 4ºC (39F), and sunny springs with warm days (26ºC, or 79F) and cool nights (11ºC, 52F). During heat waves, temperatures can sometimes reach 35ºC (95F) but these are not frequent and nights always bring significant cooling, as opposed to many low-lying areas in Northern Argentina. During the winter, temperatures can reach -7ºC (19F) and snow, although rare, may fall sometimes. Precipitation is about 800 mm, which fall in the form of thunderstorms during the warmest months.
(since 1974), Sucre
(since 2004), Tarija
(since 2004)
Jujuy Province
Jujuy is a province of Argentina, located in the extreme northwest of the country, at the borders with Chile and Bolivia. The only neighboring Argentine province is Salta to the east and south.-History:...
in northwest
Argentine Northwest
The Argentine Northwest is a region of Argentina composed by the provinces of Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán.-Geography:The region had 5 different biomes:* Sub-Andean humid Sierras of the east...
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
. It lies near the southern end of the Humahuaca Canyon
Quebrada de Humahuaca
The Quebrada de Humahuaca is a narrow mountain valley located in the province of Jujuy in northwest Argentina, north of Buenos Aires . It is about long, oriented north-south, bordered by the Altiplano in the west and north, by the Sub-Andean hills in the east, and by the warm valleys in the...
where wooded hills meet the lowlands.
Its population, as of the , is 237,751 inhabitants. If its suburb
Suburb
The word suburb mostly refers to a residential area, either existing as part of a city or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city . Some suburbs have a degree of administrative autonomy, and most have lower population density than inner city neighborhoods...
s are included, this figure rises to around 300,000. The current mayor is Raúl Jorge.
City information
The city lies on National Route 9National Route 9 (Argentina)
National Route 9 is a major road in Argentina, which runs from the center-east to the northwest of the country, crossing the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy...
that connects La Quiaca
La Quiaca
La Quiaca is a small city in the north of the , on the southern bank of the La Quiaca River, opposite the town of Villazón, Bolivia. It lies at the end of National Route 9, from San Salvador de Jujuy , and at an altitude of above mean sea level.La Quiaca has 14,751 inhabitants as per the...
289 km (179.6 mi) with Salta
Salta
Salta is a city in northwestern Argentina and the capital city of the Salta Province. Along with its metropolitan area, it has a population of 464,678 inhabitants as of the , making it Argentina's eighth largest city.-Overview:...
120 km (74.6 mi), and it is 1525 km (947.6 mi) from Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
. Tourist destinations not far from the city are Tilcara
Tilcara
San Francisco de Tilcara is a city in the province of Jujuy, Argentina, and the head town of the Tilcara Department...
84 km (52.2 mi), Humahuaca
Humahuaca
Humahuaca is a city in the province of Jujuy, Argentina. It has 11,369 inhabitants as per the , and is the principal town of the Department of Humahuaca...
126 km (78.3 mi), and the Calilegua National Park
Calilegua National Park
The Calilegua National Park is a national park of Argentina, located at the southeast of the province of Jujuy , at the Ledesma Department, on the eastern slopes of the Calilegua hills....
111 km (69 mi).
Jujuy is located near the Andes
Andes
The Andes is the world's longest continental mountain range. It is a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about long, about to wide , and of an average height of about .Along its length, the Andes is split into several ranges, which are separated...
, at the junction of the Xibi Xibi River and the Río Grande de Jujuy, 1238 meters above sea level. The weather is humid during the Summers and dry and cold during the winters. Temperatures vary widely between day and night times.
The city is the center of all the provincial government, financial and cultural centre. Most administrative offices related to economic activities that take place in other points of the province are located here; these activities include petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling...
extraction and pre-processing, sugarcane
Sugarcane
Sugarcane refers to any of six to 37 species of tall perennial grasses of the genus Saccharum . Native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia, they have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sugar, and measure two to six metres tall...
and sugar industry (Ledesma), tobacco
Tobacco
Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as a pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, used in some medicines...
(El Carmen, 10 km south), steel (in nearby Villa Palpalá
Villa Palpalá
Villa Palpalá is a town and municipality in Jujuy Province in Argentina.-References:...
), citrus
Citrus
Citrus is a common term and genus of flowering plants in the rue family, Rutaceae. Citrus is believed to have originated in the part of Southeast Asia bordered by Northeastern India, Myanmar and the Yunnan province of China...
, and fruits and vegetables for local consumption.
The city has a colonial city centre including the Cabildo, the Cathedral, and a specially colourful Andean carnivals. The population of the city, and of the province in general, has a much more aboriginal character than the in rest of the country, reflected in the predominant Quechua, Aymara and Chiriguano people and cultures.
The Gobernador Horacio Guzmán International Airport
Gobernador Horacio Guzmán International Airport
Gobernador Horacio Guzmán International Airport is an airport in Jujuy Province, Argentina serving the city of San Salvador de Jujuy.Inaugurated by Governor Darío Arias on April 19, 1967, it was originally named Aeropuerto El Cadillal. The airport was renamed in 1992 for Dr...
at coordinates 24°24′00"S 65°05′00"W, is 33 km (20.5 mi) southeast of the city (in Ciudad Perico
Ciudad Perico
Ciudad Perico is a town and municipality in Jujuy Province in Argentina.The town was founded with the 1913 opening of the namesake station on the Central Northern Railway...
) and has regular flights to Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
.
History
After previous attempts in 1565 and 1592, the current city was founded as San Salvador de Velazco en el Valle de Jujuy on April 19, 1593, by Francisco de Argañarás y Murguía. The settlement initially developed as a strategic site on the mule trade route between San Miguel de Tucumán and the silver mines in PotosíPotosí
Potosí is a city and the capital of the department of Potosí in Bolivia. It is one of the highest cities in the world by elevation at a nominal . and it was the location of the Spanish colonial mint, now the National Mint of Bolivia...
, Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
.
Reaching its peak importance during the colonial period, San Salvador de Jujuy declined to the status of a remote provincial capital after the Argentine Declaration of Independence
Argentine Declaration of Independence
What today is commonly referred as the Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9, 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen that were assembled in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which is still today one of the legal names of the...
in 1816. The town became the capital of Jujuy Province when the latter separated from Salta Province
Salta Province
Salta is a province of Argentina, located in the northwest of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the east clockwise Formosa, Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán and Catamarca. It also surrounds Jujuy...
in 1834. The 1863 Jujuy earthquake
1863 Jujuy earthquake
The 1863 Jujuy earthquake was a seismic movement that took place in the province of Jujuy, Argentina, on 14 January 1863, at about 11:00 . It had an estimated magnitude of 6.4 in the Richter scale. Its epicenter was at , at a depth of about ....
leveled the town, and it recovered slowly in the following decades. Jujuy began to grow following the arrival of the Northern Central Railway
Ferrocarril Central Norte
The Ferrocarril Central Norte was the first railway built in Argentina by the state...
in 1900. Its first institution of higher learning, the Economic Sciences Institute, was established in 1959, and was incorporated into the new National University of Jujuy
National University of Jujuy
The National University of Jujuy is an Argentine national university, situated in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy, capital of Jujuy Province....
in 1973. The city was the location of a number of Argentine films, including Veronico Cruz
Verónico Cruz (film)
Verónico Cruz is a 1988 Argentine and British drama film. The motion picture is directed by Miguel Pereira, his first, and written by Pereira and Eduardo Leiva Muller. The movie was produced by Julio Lencina and Sasha Menocki and features Juan José Camero, Gonzalo Morales, among others...
(1988) and Una estrella y dos cafés (2005). The city's impoverished Lower Azopardo neighborhood would later give rise to Milagro Sala
Milagro Sala
Milagro Sala is a leader of the Tupac Amaru neighborhood association, part of the Association of State Workers of Jujuy, and a leading figure in the Movimiento piquetero of Argentina.-Early life:...
's Indigenist
Indigenism
Indigenism, Native nationalism, or Indigenous nationalism is a kind of ethnic nationalism emphasizing the group's indigeneity to their homeland...
Tupac Amaru Neighborhood Association.
Climate
Jujuy has a very pleasant humid subtropical climateHumid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters...
(Cwa, according to the Köppen climate classification
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...
), mainly because of the altitude. Summers bring warm days at 28ºC (82F) and pleasant, nice nights at 16ºC (61F) with frequent thunderstorms. The rest of the year is sunny, with delightful falls at about 24ºC (75F) during the day and 11ºC (52F) at night, crisp, dry winters with warms days of 19ºC (66F) and cold nights at 4ºC (39F), and sunny springs with warm days (26ºC, or 79F) and cool nights (11ºC, 52F). During heat waves, temperatures can sometimes reach 35ºC (95F) but these are not frequent and nights always bring significant cooling, as opposed to many low-lying areas in Northern Argentina. During the winter, temperatures can reach -7ºC (19F) and snow, although rare, may fall sometimes. Precipitation is about 800 mm, which fall in the form of thunderstorms during the warmest months.
Twinned cities
, CalamaCalama, Chile
Calama is a city and commune in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. It is the capital of El Loa Province, part of the Antofagasta Region. Calama is one of the driest cities in the world with average annual precipitation of just . The River Loa, Chile's longest, flows through the city...
(since 1974), Sucre
Sucre
Sucre, also known historically as Charcas, La Plata and Chuquisaca is the constitutional capital of Bolivia and the capital of the department of Chuquisaca. Located in the south-central part of the country, Sucre lies at an elevation of 2750m...
(since 2004), Tarija
Tarija, Bolivia
Tarija or San Bernardo de la Frontera de Tarixa is a city in southern Bolivia. Founded in 1574, Tarija is both the capital and largest city within the Tarija Department, with an airport offering regular service to primary Bolivian cities, as well as a regional bus terminal with domestic and...
(since 2004)