Horšovský Týn
Encyclopedia
Horšovský Týn (ˈhorʃofskiː ˈtiːn; ) is a town in the Plzeň Region
of the Czech Republic
. It lies on the River Radbuza
, some south-west of the region capital Plzeň.
. The town was besieged and defended during the Hussite
wars between 1422 and 1431. The German Elector John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt
(Johann von Pfalz-Neumarkt) helped relieve the town.
After the death of Louis II of Hungary at the Battle of Mohács
in 1526, Archduke Ferdinand
of Austria
became King of Bohemia
and the country became a constituent state of the Habsburg Monarchy
to 1918.
After 1539 Bischofteinitz belonged to the House of Lobkowicz. After the Thirty Years War the town passed to the counts on Trauttmansdorff, in whose possession the castle remained until 1945. Bischofteinitz developed into an important, if minor, provincial centre bordering Bavaria
.
During the late 19th century and especially after 1918 Czechs began moving into the district in large numbers. In 1938 the town and region were annexed into Nazi Germany
as part of the Sudetenland
.
who spoke a Northern Bavarian dialect (Nordbairisch). These people were expelled by the Beneš decrees
following World War II
. On 1 December 1930 Horšovský Týn had 3,117 inhabitants; on 17 May 1939 there were 2995, and on 22 May 1947 2,393 inhabitants.
Plzen Region
Plzeň Region is an administrative unit in the western part of Bohemia in the Czech Republic. It is named after its capital Plzeň .- Communes :...
of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. It lies on the River Radbuza
Radbuza
The Radbuza is a 112 km long river in the Czech Republic, the right tributary of the Mže. Its source is situated at the foot of Lysá mountain near the village of Závist, near Domažlice...
, some south-west of the region capital Plzeň.
History
A settlement on the right bank of the Radbuza river was first established in the mid-13th century, on land owned by the archbishops of PraguePrague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
. The town was besieged and defended during the Hussite
Hussite
The Hussites were a Christian movement following the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus , who became one of the forerunners of the Protestant Reformation...
wars between 1422 and 1431. The German Elector John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt
John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt
John was the Count Palatine of Neumarkt from 1410 until 1443.-Life:John was born in Neunburg vorm Wald in 1383 as the second surviving son of Rupert III of the Palatinate, King of Germany. In 1407 he married Catherine of Pomerania, the daughter of Duke Warcislaw VII of Pomerania-Stolp...
(Johann von Pfalz-Neumarkt) helped relieve the town.
After the death of Louis II of Hungary at the Battle of Mohács
Battle of Mohács
The Battle of Mohács was fought on August 29, 1526 near Mohács, Hungary. In the battle, forces of the Kingdom of Hungary led by King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia were defeated by forces of the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent....
in 1526, Archduke Ferdinand
Ferdinand
Ferdinand is a Germanic male given name composed of the words for "prepared"/"protection"/"safety"/"peace" and "journey"/"boldness"/"recklessness"...
of Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
became King of Bohemia
Bohemia
Bohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague...
and the country became a constituent state of the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
to 1918.
After 1539 Bischofteinitz belonged to the House of Lobkowicz. After the Thirty Years War the town passed to the counts on Trauttmansdorff, in whose possession the castle remained until 1945. Bischofteinitz developed into an important, if minor, provincial centre bordering Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
.
During the late 19th century and especially after 1918 Czechs began moving into the district in large numbers. In 1938 the town and region were annexed into Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
as part of the Sudetenland
Sudetenland
Sudetenland is the German name used in English in the first half of the 20th century for the northern, southwest and western regions of Czechoslovakia inhabited mostly by ethnic Germans, specifically the border areas of Bohemia, Moravia, and those parts of Silesia being within Czechoslovakia.The...
.
Main Attractions
The main attraction is a castle that was rebuilt in 1547 by Agostino Galli. Much of the original Gothic castle, the palace portals and some rooms has been preserved. In the town itself there are two Gothic churches and a former Capuchin monastery.Inhabitants
Until 1945 the area was populated by native GermansGermans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
who spoke a Northern Bavarian dialect (Nordbairisch). These people were expelled by the Beneš decrees
Beneš decrees
Decrees of the President of the Republic , more commonly known as the Beneš decrees, were a series of laws that were drafted by the Czechoslovak Government-in-Exile in the absence of the Czechoslovak parliament during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in World War II and issued by President...
following World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. On 1 December 1930 Horšovský Týn had 3,117 inhabitants; on 17 May 1939 there were 2995, and on 22 May 1947 2,393 inhabitants.
People
- Felix KadlinskýFelix KadlinskýFelix Kadlinský was a Baroque author, translator, and Jesuit, considered one of the best Baroque writers from Bohemia....
(1613-1675), writer - Johannes Matthias Alexander Ecker (1766-1829), surgeon (de)
- Joseph Johann von Littrow (1781-1840), astronomer
- Egon Weißenbach (born 1897), painter
- Peter Kneißl (born 1938), historian (de)
External links
- Czech Travel Guide Site - General info about Horsovsky Tyn Chateau, contact info, opening hours etc.